J/ApJ/933/204ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/933/204doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19330204CDSAbdollahi S.Acero F.Ackermann M.Baldini L.Ballet J.,Barbiellini G.Bastieri D.Bellazzini R.Berenji B.Berretta A.,Bissaldi E.Blandford R.D.Bonino R.Bruel P.Buson S.Cameron R.A.,Caputo R.Caraveo P.A.Castro D.Chiaro G.Cibrario N.Ciprini S.,Coronado-Blazquez J.Crnogorcevic M.Cutini S.D'Ammando F.,De Gaetano S.Di Lalla N.Dirirsa F.Di Venere L.Dominguez A.,Fegan S.J.Fiori A.Fleischhack H.Franckowiak A.Fukazawa Y.,Fusco P.Gammaldi V.Gargano F.Gasparrini D.Giacchino F.,Giglietto N.Giordano F.Giroletti M.Glanzman T.Green D.,Grenier I.A.Grondin M.-H.Guiriec S.Gustafsson M.Harding A.K.,Hays E.Hewitt J.W.Horan D.Hou X.Johannesson G.Kayanoki T.,Kerr M.Kuss M.Larsson S.Latronico L.Lemoine-Goumard M.Li J.,Longo F.Loparco F.Lubrano P.Maldera S.Malyshev D.Manfreda A.,Marti-Devesa G.Mazziotta M.N.Mereu I.Michelson P.F.Mirabal N.,Mitthumsiri W.Mizuno T.Monzani M.E.Morselli A.Moskalenko I.V.,Nuss E.Omodei N.Orienti M.Orlando E.Ormes J.F.Paneque D.,Pei Z.Persic M.Pesce-Rollins M.Pillera R.Poon H.Porter T.A.,Principe G.Raino S.Rando R.Rani B.Razzano M.Razzaque S.,Reimer A.Reimer O.Reposeur T.Sanchez-Conde M.Saz Parkinson P.M.,Scotton L.Serini D.Sgro C.Siskind E.J.Spandre G.Spinelli P.,Sueoka K.Suson D.J.Tajima H.Tak D.Thayer J.B.Torres D.F.,Troja E.Valverde J.Wadiasingh Z.Wood K.Zaharijas G.2025-02-27T20:13:08Z2025-01-10T14:09:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomysupernova-remnantsgalaxy-planesmilky-way-galaxyCosmic rays are mostly composed of protons accelerated to relativistic speeds. When those protons encounter interstellar material, they produce neutral pions, which in turn decay into gamma-rays. This offers a compelling way to identify the acceleration sites of protons. A characteristic hadronic spectrum, with a low-energy break around 200MeV, was detected in the gamma-ray spectra of four supernova remnants (SNRs), IC 443, W44, W49B, and W51C, with the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This detection provided direct evidence that cosmic-ray protons are (re-)accelerated in SNRs. Here, we present a comprehensive search for low-energy spectral breaks among 311 4FGL catalog sources located within 5{deg} from the Galactic plane. Using 8yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope between 50MeV and 1GeV, we find and present the spectral characteristics of 56 sources with a spectral break confirmed by a thorough study of systematic uncertainty. Our population of sources includes 13 SNRs for which the proton-proton interaction is enhanced by the dense target material; the high-mass gamma-ray binary LS I+61 303; the colliding wind binary {eta} Carinae; and the Cygnus star-forming region. This analysis better constrains the origin of the gamma-ray emission and enlarges our view to potential new cosmic-ray acceleration sites.2022ApJ...933..204Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/933/204CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIX/67 : Incremental Fermi LAT 4th source cat. (4FGL-DR3) (Fermi-LAT col., 2022)J/A+AS/118/329 : MOST supernova remnant catalogue (MSC) (Whiteoak+ 1996)J/ApJS/224/8 : The first Fermi LAT SNR catalog (1SC) (Acero+, 2016)J/ApJ/843/40 : The 2HWC HAWC Observatory gamma-ray cat. (Abeysekara+, 2017)J/ApJS/237/32 : Fermi cat. of High-lat. Extended Sources (Ackermann+, 2018)J/A+A/612/A5 : W49B with H.E.S.S. and Fermi-LAT (HESS+, 2018)J/A+A/612/A1 : H.E.S.S. Galactic Plane Survey (HESS+, 2018)J/ApJS/247/33 : The Fermi LAT fourth source catalog (4FGL) (Abdollahi+, 2020)http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/ : Fermi homepagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/933/204https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/933/204http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/933/204https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/933/204https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/933/204http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/933/204GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/933/204/tableb1 (List of selected Galactic plane candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/933/204/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/933/204/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/933/204/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true8.65164.64280.0055555555555555565/9504 6/1470 1846 1957 3061 3142 3154 3198 3252 3270 3287 3308 3621 3642 3649 3651 3656 3691 3744 12968 13036 14285 14303-14305 14309 14358 14400-14401 14403 14415 14453 14624-14625 14640 14658 14683 14687 14692 14694 14696 14704 15362 15369-15370 15391 15400 15407 15415 15682 21645 22117 22122 22243 22264 23673 23765 23772 23810 23980 23982 23995 24325 24455 24462 24507 28713 28716 28718 28727 28734 28779 28782 28802 28823 28825 28830 28841 28843 28846 28848 28850 28854 28861-28863 28869-28870 28881 28900 28907 28912-28913 28924 29100 29103 29109 29114 29118-29119 29156 29162 29248 29252 29264 29266 29269-29270 29444 29461-29462 29467 29493 29504 29506 29510-29511 29514-29516 29519 29528 29535-29536 29538 29540 29548 29865 29871 29882 30209 30218 30226 30244-30245 30258-30259 30268-30269 30284 30312 30315 30319 30341 30405 30416-30417 30420-30421 30423 30425 30453 30595 30601 30603 30605 30616 30619 30622 30624 30645 30653 30688 30692 30694-30695 30710 30716 30718 37231 37338 37342 37366 37752 37846 37848 37852 37869 37872 37875 37881 37883-37884 37888 37893 37900 37902 37904 37923 37929 37931 37952 38055 39246 39249-39252 39257 39266 39792 39889 39917 40618 41449 41563 41573 41631 41644 41653-41655 41660-41661 41677 41681-41683 41689 41695 41697 41699 41714 41735 41740 41749 41758-41759 41767 41769-41770 41772 41779 41786 41790 41809 41815 41837 41841 42143 42156 42159 42174 42191 42193 42196-42197 42200 42204-42205 42212 42214-42216 42222 42225 42229 42235 42286 42300 42339 42342 42346 42356 42366 42369 42372 42382 42385 42392 42398 42435-42436 42445 42454 42456 42461 42483 42497 42506 42518 42523 42564-42565 42580 43019 43024 43029 43042 43048-43049 43051 43136-43137 43146https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/933/204?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/ApJ/933/204/tableb1List of selected Galactic plane candidates4FGL4FGL name (JHHMM.m+DDMMa) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-5/5] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latSigCurv[0/29] 4FGL curvature significancestat.fit.goodnessfloatsqrtTS[3/107.3] 4FGL significance, TS^0.5^ between 300MeV and 1GeVstat.fit.goodnessfloatClassSource class reported in the 4FGL catalog (2)meta.code.classcharTS[0.3/39496] Test statistic, power-lawstat.fit.paramfloatTS-LP[0/194]? Test statistic improvement with log-parabolastat.fit.paramfloatnullableTS-SBPL[9/176]? Test statistic improvement with smooth broken power lawstat.fit.paramfloatnullableTS-SBPL2[4.8/168]? Test statistic improvement with smooth broken power law with sub-exponential cutoffstat.fit.paramfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_4FGL[*] *: spectral breaks that are robust to all testsmeta.codechar