J/ApJ/932/77ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/932/77doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-x4-2dCDSSun F.Egami E.Fujimoto S.Rawle T.Bauer F.E.Kohno K.Smail I.,Perez-Gonzalez P.G.Ao Y.Chapman S.C.Combes F.,Dessauges-Zavadsky M.Espada D.Gonzalez-Lopez J.Koekemoer A.M.,Kokorev V.Lee M.M.Morokuma-Matsui K.Munoz Arancibia A.M.Oguri M.,Pello R.Ueda Y.Uematsu R.Valentino F.Van der Werf P.Walth G.L.,Zemcov M.Zitrin A.2026-02-20T20:01:49Z2025-05-28T14:29:11ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomygalaxiesinfrared-sourcesinfrared-photometrygravitational-lensingredshiftedWe present an ALMA-Herschel joint analysis of sources detected by the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS) at 1.15mm. Herschel/PACS and SPIRE data at 100-500{mu}m are deblended for 180 ALMA sources in 33 lensing cluster fields that are detected either securely (141 sources; in our main sample) or tentatively at S/N>=4 with cross-matched HST/Spitzer counterparts, down to a delensed 1.15mm flux density of ~0.02mJy. We performed far-infrared spectral energy distribution modeling and derived the physical properties of dusty star formation for 125 sources (109 independently) that are detected at >2{sigma} in at least one Herschel band. A total of 27 secure ALCS sources are not detected in any Herschel bands, including 17 optical/near-IR-dark sources that likely reside at z=4.2+/-1.2. The 16th, 50th, and 84th percentiles of the redshift distribution are 1.15, 2.08, and 3.59, respectively, for ALCS sources in the main sample, suggesting an increasing fraction of z~1-2 galaxies among fainter millimeter sources (f_1150_~0.1mJy). With a median lensing magnification factor of {mu}=2.6_-0.8_^+2.6^, ALCS sources in the main sample exhibit a median intrinsic star formation rate of 94_-54_^+84^M_{sun}_/yr, lower than that of conventional submillimeter galaxies at similar redshifts by a factor of ~3. Our study suggests weak or no redshift evolution of dust temperature with LIR<10^12^L_{sun}_ galaxies within our sample at z~0-2. At LIR>10^12^L_{sun}_, the dust temperatures show no evolution across z~1-4 while being lower than those in the local universe. For the highest-redshift source in our sample (z=6.07), we can rule out an extreme dust temperature (>80K) that was reported for MACS0416 Y1 at z=8.31.2022ApJ...932...77Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/932/77CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/4 : Abell and Zwicky Clusters of Galaxies (Abell+ 1974)VII/110 : Rich Clusters of Galaxies (Abell+ 1989)VIII/103 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)VIII/95 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)VI/139 : Herschel Observation Log (Herschel Science Centre, 2013)J/MNRAS/380/199 : SCUBA Half-Degree Extragalactic Survey. III (Ivison+, 2007)J/MNRAS/395/1213 : Galaxies in the field of MACS J1206.2-0847 (Ebeling+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/556 : Star forming galaxy templates (Rieke+, 2009)J/ApJ/715/572 : GOALS UV and FIR properties (Howell+, 2010)J/A+A/532/A90 : PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP-DR1) catalogs (Lutz+, 2011)J/MNRAS/426/1845 : AzTEC survey of the SHADES fields. II. (Michalowski+, 2012)J/ApJS/199/25 : CLASH sources for MACS1149.6+2223 (Postman+, 2012)J/ApJS/202/2 : VLA 1.4GHz observations of A370 and A2390 (Wold+, 2012)J/ApJ/762/L30 : CLASH: MCS J0416.1-2403 lensing analysis (Zitrin+, 2013)J/MNRAS/444/268 : HST Frontier Fields clusters (Richard+, 2014)J/ApJ/783/84 : ALMA obs. in 107 galaxies at z=0.2-2.5 (Scoville+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/125 : An ALMA survey of ECDFS submm galaxies (Simpson+, 2014)J/ApJ/806/110 : ALESS survey: SMGs in the ECDF-S data (da Cunha+, 2015)J/A+A/576/A33 : KINGFISH galaxy sample radial profile SED (Hunt+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/114 : Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space. I. (Treu+, 2015)J/ApJ/811/29 : GLASS. IV. Lensing cluster Abell 2744 (Wang+, 2015)J/ApJ/801/44 : HST lensing analysis of the CLASH sample (Zitrin+, 2015)J/ApJS/222/1 : Faint ALMA 1.2mm sources down to ~0.02mJy (Fujimoto+, 2016)J/ApJ/819/114 : Strong lensing mass modeling of 4 HFF cl. (Kawamata+, 2016)J/MNRAS/459/1626 : HST Frontier Fields Herschel sources (Rawle+, 2016)J/A+A/608/A15 : ALMA survey of submm galaxies in COSMOS (Brisbin+, 2017)J/ApJ/846/32 : Herschel FIR spectra of GOALS galaxies (Diaz-Santos+, 2017)J/ApJ/850/83 : DANCING-ALMA. I. submm/mm cont. sources (Fujimoto+, 2017)J/A+A/597/A41 : ALMA Frontier Fields Survey. I. (Gonzalez-Lopez+, 2017)J/MNRAS/470/95 : CLASH galaxies phot. redshifts in 25 ClG (Molino+, 2017)J/ApJ/839/58 : ALMA submm galaxies multi-wavelength data (Simpson+, 2017)J/A+A/608/A144 : Strongly lensed submm galaxies CO spectra (Yang+, 2017)J/other/NatAs/2.76 : MACSJ1206.2-08474714 clumps photometry (Cava+, 2018)J/ApJ/855/4 : Lyman break galaxies at z~6-9 from HFF (Kawamata+, 2018)J/A+A/609/A30 : Conversion factors to LIR & Mdust (Schreiber+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/14 : HFF-DeepSpace phot. cat. of 12 HFF fields (Shipley+, 2018)J/ApJ/876/135 : 33 Optically faint galaxies (Alcalde Pampliega+, 2019)J/A+A/632/A36 : Strong lensing models of 8 CLASH clusters (Caminha+, 2019)J/ApJ/884/85 : RELICS: Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (Coe+, 2019)J/ApJS/244/40 : A3COSMOS. I. ALMA continuum photometry catalogs (Liu+, 2019)J/ApJ/880/43 : S2COSMOS: SCUBA-2 submm sources in COSMOS (Simpson+, 2019)J/MNRAS/487/4648 : ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 UKIDSS/UDS field (Stach+, 2019)J/MNRAS/494/3828 : The SCUBA-2 CLS UDS field with ALMA (Dudzeviciute+, 2020)J/A+A/643/A4 : ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey. IR luminosity (Fudamoto+, 2020)J/ApJ/889/80 : STUDIES. III. SCUBA-2 450um gal. with MIPS/VLA (Lim+, 2020)J/ApJ/902/78 : ALMA 3mm new sp. redshifts for SPT galaxies (Reuter+, 2020)J/MNRAS/495/3409 : SCUBA-2-COSMOS field sub-mm sources (Simpson+, 2020)J/MNRAS/501/3926 : ALMA/NOEMA high-z star-forming galaxies (Birkin+, 2021)J/ApJ/923/215 : MORA: ALMA 2mm survey (Casey+, 2021)J/A+A/646/A83 : Massive lensing clusters MUSE observations (Richard+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/932/77https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/932/77http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/932/77https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/932/77https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/932/77http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/932/77GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/932/77/table1 (Summary of Herschel observations for 33 ALCS galaxy cluster fields)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/77/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/77/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/77/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true22.96875-13.6105560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/932/77/tablec1 (Herschel photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/77/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/77/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/932/77/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true22.9724167-13.62150.0055555555555555566/97 4406-4407 8921 16486 16787 17457 17499 17741 18746 19009 19097 19858 20536 20735 22661 22771 23173 25451 25675 26177 27075 28448 30946 33692 34726 34793 35041 35043 36082 36846 37395 46474 48076 490123.2031150387835462e-22 2.284409653682218e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/932/77?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJ/932/77/table1Summary of Herschel observations for 33 ALCS galaxy cluster fieldsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSetCluster set (1)src.samplecharClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharGroupGroup name of HST programmeta.id;meta.tablecharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharClAbbreviated identifiermeta.idcharprimaryDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainNsNumber of sources for this cluster (link to Table C1)meta.numberintnullablePACS1[1342187256/1342257455]? First Herschel/PACS 100/160um observation IDmeta.id;obslongnullablePACS2[1342187257/1342257456]? Second Herschel/PACS 100/160um observation IDmeta.id;obslongnullabletObsP[4.28/5.47]? Total scan time of all PACS observationshrtime;obsfloatnullableSPIRE1[1342188159/1342258408] First Herschel/SPIRE 250/350/500um observation IDmeta.id;obslongSPIRE1eRange of observation IDs if anymeta.id;obscharSPIRE2[1342188159/1342259416] Second Herschel/SPIRE 250/350/500um observation IDtime.duration;obslongSPIRE2eRange of observation IDs if anymeta.id;obschartObsS[169/12728] Total scan time of all SPIRE observationshrtime;obsintF24Display the ALCS 1.2mm cluster data from Fujimoto+ 2024, J/ApJS/275/36meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/932/77/tablec1Herschel photometryClGalaxy cluster abbreviated identifier as in Table 1meta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSamplePrimary or Secondary Sample (G1)src.samplecharSeq[1/180] Sequential identifiermeta.recordintID[2/398] Source identifier within Clmeta.id.part;meta.mainintNfDisplay the fitting result for this source (link to Table C2)meta.ref.urlintnullablef_IDFlag on object (2)meta.code;meta.idcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSNR[4/92] Signal-to-Noise Ratio, ALMAstat.snrfloatf_SNRFlag on ALMA observation (3)meta.code;stat.snrcharl_F100Limit flag for F100meta.code.error;phot.flux;em.IR.60-100umcharF100[0.6/234]? Herschel/PACS 100um fluxmJyphot.flux;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullablee_F100[0.3/3]? Uncertainty in F100mJystat.error;phot.flux;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullablel_F160Limit flag for F160meta.code.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzcharF160[0.9/244]? Herschel/PACS 160um fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatnullablee_F160[0.7/6]? Uncertainty in F160mJystat.error;phot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatnullablel_F250Limit flag for F250meta.code.errorcharF250[3/180]? Herschel/SPIRE 250um fluxmJyphot.flux;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatnullablee_F250[0.6/23]? Uncertainty in F250mJystat.error;phot.flux;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatnullablel_F350Limit flag for F350meta.code.errorcharF350[3/126]? Herschel/SPIRE 350um fluxmJyphot.flux;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatnullablee_F350[1/23]? Uncertainty in F350mJystat.error;phot.flux;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatnullablel_F500Limit flag for F500meta.code.errorcharF500[1.8/66]? Herschel/SPIRE 500um fluxmJyphot.flux;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatnullablee_F500[1/12]? Uncertainty in F500mJystat.error;phot.flux;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatnullableF24Display the ALCS 1.2mm cluster data from Fujimoto+ 2024, J/ApJS/275/36meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/932/77/tablec2MAGPHYS SED fitting resultsClGalaxy cluster abbreviated identifier as in Table 1meta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSamplePrimary or Secondary Sample (G1)src.samplecharSeq[1/125] Sequential identifiermeta.recordintID[2/398] Source identifier within Clmeta.id.part;meta.mainintzbest[0.36/5.1] Best photometric redshift (2)src.redshift.photfloatE_zbest[0.02/1.5]? Upper uncertainty in zFIRstat.error;stat.max;src.redshift.photfloatnullablee_zbest[0.02/1.2]? Lower uncertainty in zFIRstat.error;stat.min;src.redshift.photfloatnullablezFIR[0.4/4.3]? Far-IR photometric redshift (3)src.redshift.phot;em.IR.FIRfloatnullableE_zFIR[0.25/1.5]? Upper uncertainty in zFIRstat.error;stat.max;src.redshift.photfloatnullablee_zFIR[0.25/1.3]? Lower uncertainty in zFIRstat.error;stat.min;src.redshift.photfloatnullabler_zbestReference for zbest (4)meta.ref;src.redshift.photcharmulens[0.7/74] Lensing magnification factor (5)phot.flux;arith.factor;meta.modelledfloatlensmodAdopted model for lensing magnification (6)meta.codeintlogLIR[10.69/13.5] Log, IR luminosity, Lsun/mulens (7)log(solLum)phys.luminosity;em.IRfloate_logLIR[0.02/0.6] Uncertainty in logLIRlog(solLum)stat.error;phys.luminosity;em.IRfloatlogSFR[0.4/3.5] Log, star formation rate, Msun/yr/mulens (7)log(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloate_logSFR[0.09/0.7] Uncertainty in logSFRlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.error;phys.SFRfloatlogMdust