J/ApJ/931/156ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/931/156doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19310156CDSPang X.Tang S.-Y.Li Y.Yu Z.Wang L.Li J.Li Y.Wang Y.,Wang Y.Zhang T.Pasquato M.Kouwenhoven M.B.N.2025-06-19T11:49:38Z2024-05-15T09:20:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersradial-velocityproper-motionssurveysvisible-astronomystellar-massesgalaxy-classification-systemsWe identify members of 65 open clusters in the solar neighborhood using the machine-learning algorithm StarGO based on Gaia EDR3 data. After adding members of 20 clusters from previous studies we obtain 85 clusters, and study their morphology and kinematics. We classify the substructures outside the tidal radius into four categories: filamentary (f1) and fractal (f2) for clusters <100Myr, and halo (h) and tidal tail (t) for clusters >100Myr. The kinematical substructures of f1-type clusters are elongated; these resemble the disrupted cluster Group X. Kinematic tails are distinct in t-type clusters, especially Pleiades. We identify 29 hierarchical groups in four young regions (Alessi 20, IC 348, LP 2373, LP 2442); 10 among these are new. The hierarchical groups form filament networks. Two regions (Alessi20, LP 2373) exhibit global orthogonal expansion (stellar motion perpendicular to the filament), which might cause complete dispersal. Infalling-like flows (stellar motion along the filament) are found in UBC 31 and related hierarchical groups in the IC 348 region. Stellar groups in the LP 2442 region (LP 2442 gp 1-5) are spatially well mixed but kinematically coherent. A merging process might be ongoing in the LP 2442 subgroups. For younger systems (<~30Myr), the mean axis ratio, cluster mass, and half-mass-radius tend to increase with age values. These correlations between structural parameters may imply two dynamical processes occurring in the hierarchical formation scenario in young stellar groups: (1) filament dissolution and (2) subgroup mergers.2022ApJ...931..156Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/931/156CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)J/ApJ/551/852 : FCRAO CO survey of the outer Galaxy (Heyer+, 2001)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/ApJ/764/73 : HST VI phot. of HD 97950 cluster members stars (Pang+, 2013)J/A+A/584/A91 : Cat. of dense cores in Aquila from Herschel (Konyves+, 2015)J/ApJ/812/131 : Spatial structure of young stellar cl. III. (Kuhn+, 2015)J/MNRAS/460/2593 : Cygnus OB2 DANCe: Proper motion study (Wright+, 2016)J/A+A/608/A148 : Stellar populations towards Orion with GaiaDR1 (Zari+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A10 : 46 open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diagrams (Gaia Col., 2018)J/A+A/619/A155 : Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2 (Soubiran+, 2018)J/ApJ/862/106 : Stellar & substellar members in Coma Berenices (Tang+, 2018)J/MNRAS/475/5659 : OB association members (Ward+, 2018)J/A+A/623/A108 : Age of 269 GDR2 open clusters (Bossini+, 2019)J/A+A/621/A115 : Vela OB2 members (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2019)J/A+A/626/A17 : Young pop. in Vela-Puppis region (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A119 : Extended halo of NGC 2682 (M 67) (Carrera+ 2019)J/AJ/158/122 : Local structure & SFH of the MW (Kounkel+, 2019)J/ApJ/870/32 : Kinematics in young star clusters & assoc. (Kuhn+, 2019)J/ApJS/245/32 : Newly identified star clusters in Gaia DR2 (Liu+, 2019)J/A+A/628/A66 : alpha Persei, Pleiades and Praesepe clusters (Lodieu+, 2019)J/ApJ/885/131 : High-mass SFR plx & proper motion with VLBI (Reid+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A4 : Praesepe (NGC 2632) and its tidal tails (Roeser+, 2019)J/ApJ/877/12 : Coma Ber & Neighbor Stellar Group tidal tails (Tang+, 2019)J/A+A/643/A12 : Chemical abundances of 6 open cluster stars (Casali+, 2020)J/A+A/635/A45 : Open clusters in the Galactic disc (Castro-Ginard+, 2020)J/MNRAS/495/663 : Gaia DR2 OB associations (Ward+, 2020)J/ApJ/891/39 : LAMOST DR3 very metal-poor stars of Gal. halo (Yuan+, 2020)J/AJ/162/197 : Phot., rotation & Li in open cluster NCG2516 (Bouma+, 2021)J/A+A/647/A137 : 800pc tital tail of Hyades (Jerabkova+, 2021)J/ApJ/917/23 : SPYGLASS. I. Mapping young stellar structures (Kerr+, 2021)J/ApJ/912/162 : Open clusters in solar neighborhood (Pang+, 2021)J/ApJ/923/20 : Hierarchical clustering in Vela OB2 complex (Pang+, 2021)J/A+A/659/A59 : Structural param. of local open clusters (Tarricq+, 2022)J/A+A/660/A4 : Gaia EDR3 new Galactic open clusters (Hao+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/931/156https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/931/156http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/931/156https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/931/156https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/931/156http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/931/156GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/931/156/table1 (Parameters of 85 open clusters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/931/156/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/931/156/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/931/156/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true109.13914694-46.074168060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/931/156/table2 (Individual members of the 65 clusters identified in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/931/156/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/931/156/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/931/156/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.1240936669657.278598712770.0055555555555555564/75 96 887 894 929 1307 1428 1430 1794 2333 2376 2378 2684 2686 2772 2954 5/295 298-299 388 390 477-478 736 746-747 750-751 762 822 960 962 1171-1172 1174-1175 1177 1180-1181 2686 2843 2859 3503 3514-3515 3540-3541 3543 3565 3567 3569 3571-3572 3574 3590-3591 3600 3602 3650-3651 3715 3725 3844-3845 3847 3856 3864 3920-3921 3923 3929 3931 5316-5317 5358-5359 5370 5505 5507-5508 5510 5699 5701 5703 5708-5709 5711 5724 5726 5745 5748 5923 5926 5929 5931-5932 5934 7171 7180 7182-7183 7201-7202 7282 7288-7289 7291 7294 7608-7609 7612 7614 7766-7767 7773 8027 8274-8275 9311 9341 9481-9486 9508 9510 9788 9790 9796-9797 9835 9838 9873 9921 9923-9924 9926 9929 9932 9934-9935 9956 9958 9967 10388-10389 10432 10559 10566 10600 10602-10603 10606-10607 10644-10645 10688-10689 10692 10733-10734 10748 10750 11077 11079 11092 11094 11096-11097 11809 11820 11904-11905 11908 11910 6/463 509 511 848 851-853 859 1167 1171 1176-1177 1179 1187 1189-1191 1248 1250 1256 1258 1556-1558 1564-1565 1572-1573 1575 1600 1884 1903 1905 1907 1916 1991 1997 2000-2002 2008 2010 2782-2783 2805 2814-2815 2861-2863 2948-2950 2952-2953 2956 2958 2982 2995 3056 3279 3283 3285-3287 3292-3294 3498 3669 3671 3677-3679 3700 3846 3852 3859 3874 4255 4277 4282 4314 4326-4327 4335 4342 4349-4350 4480 4518 4527 4538 4614 4633 4639 4643 4675 4677-4681 4683 4692 4694-4695 4704-4705 4712-4713 4716-4717 4728-4730 4732 4757 4761 4767 4807-4808 4836 4869 4872 4874-4875 4884 4896-4897 4915 4962 4968 5024 7102 9859 9940 9949 9968-9969 9974 9976 9979-9980 9982-9983 10018 10550 10582 10636 10646 10653 10684 10694 10703 10710-10711 10715-10716 10724 10726 10732 10741 10743 10749 10834 11011 11025 11029 11031 11039 11076-11077 11079 11087-11090 11094 11096-11097 11099 11105 11107 11109 11111 11115 11132 11295 11320 11323 11343 11345-11348 11350 11353 11355-11356 11361 11364-11365 11367 11378-11379 11392-11394 11400 11402 11406 11408 11410 11412 11417-11419 11421 11424 11426 11430-11431 11444 11449 11451 11453-11454 11460 11462-11463 11467 11469-11472 11474 11476 11478 11482-11483 11489-11492 11494 11498-11500 11502-11503 11510-11511 11515-11516 11554 11666 11676 11691 11779 11782 11789 11795 11798 11800 11815 11841 11844 11848 11852-11853 12065 13811 13818-13821 13823 13999 14007-14008 14010-14011 14017 14048 14050-14051 14055 14067 14072-14073 14075 14078 14149-14151 14153 14156-14157 14168-14169 14171 14181 14184 14187 14189 14191 14237 14239 14265-14267 14273-14275 14281-14283 14292-14294 14320 14341 14355-14356 14383-14386 14388-14389 14404 14406 14412-14413 14429-14433 14452-14454 14463 14468 14522-14523 14597-14598 14608 14616 14618 14624-14625 14627-14630 14642 14853-14855 14859 14882 14884-14885 14887 14896-14897 14899 14905 14908 14912 14914 14920-14922 14944 14954 14958 14985 15365 15387 15405 15413 15428-15430 15432-15433 15435-15436 15463 15635-15637 15688-15689 15691 15696 15698 15704 15706-15707 15713 15715 15720-15721 15728-15730 15736 15742 15809 15811-15812 15814-15815 15841 16489 20757 20878 20890 20893-20895 20901 20903 20908-20909 20936 20938-20939 20960 20963-20964 20966 20968-20970 20972-20974 21249 21252-21253 21260 21276 21278-21279 21312 21315 21391 21403 21415 21421 21425-21428 21430-21431 21474-21475 21486-21487 21529 21646 21679 21689-21691 22036 22038 22044 22046 22053 22058 22064-22065 22067 22790 22795 22800-22801 22803 22809-22811 22821 22840-22841 22843 22864 22866 22872 22874 22879 22902 22908 22910 22933 22976-22977 22979 22988 22996 22998-23001 23006 23030 23683 23686 23689 23691 23696 23712-23713 23715 23721 23732 23734 24068-24069 28480 28675-28676 28678-28679 28681-28683 28691 28693 28697-28700 28702-28703 28724 28726-28727 28769 28775 28792 28800-28801 28803 28812-28813 28815-28816 28818-28819 28822 28824-28825 28827 28829 28831 28836-28838 28848 28859 28864 28896 29034-29036 29073 29082 29087 29095 29105 29109-29111 29124-29125 29132 29134-29135 29145 29160-29161 29163 29168 29170-29173 29181 29227 29231 29323 29354 29370 29373 29420 29457 29508-29509 29728 30366 30390 30397 30399 30406-30408 30411-30412 30415 30418 30425 30441 30444-30446 30452 30454 30634 30720 30724 30735 30741 31052-31053 31058 31088-31089 31101 31746 31752 31754-31755 31773 31777 31780 31790 31812 31814-31816 31819-31820 31824-31825 32002 32078 32120 32122-32124 32197 32199 32207-32209 33052 33060 33076-33077 33106-33107 33110 33112-33114 33116 33118 33121 33124-33125 33138 37231 37236 37238-37240 37243 37316 37318-37319 37326-37327 37346 37361-37363 37369-37373 37375 37518 37538 37592 37712 37790 37822-37823 37867 37896 37899-37900 37903 37913 37915 37917-37919 37922-37923 37948-37950 37962 37986-37987 37990-37992 37995 37997 37999 38036 38038 38064 38066-38067 38070 38072-38073 38075-38076 38082 38401 38406 39119 39122 39128 39130-39131 39140-39141 39143 39145 39148-39149 39151 39156 39158-39159 39164 39181 39183 39193 39195-39198 39216 39232-39234 39240 39273 39297 39306 39309 39311 39313-39314 39320 39322 39331-39333 39335 39338-39339 39344 39346-39347 39356 39358 39370 39386 39388 39402 39445 39500-39501 39504-39506 39548 39683 39689 39700 39708-39710 39714 39725-39727 39732 39734 39813 39828 39830 39836 39838 39856-39857 39860 39912-39914 41209 41213-41214 41311 41333 41378 41386-41387 41541 41561 41563 41565 41588 41734-41735 41994-41995 41998 42008 42010 42016-42017 42020-42021 42042 42065 42068 42197 42211 42217-42218 42220 42223 42227 42229 42232 42245 42253 42258-42260 42262-42263 42268-42270 42280 42304 42306-42307 42310 42312 42334 42340 42350 42352 42354 42357-42359 42364-42365 42367 42373 42376 42378 42382 42395 42399 42405-42407 42417-42419 42422-42423 42441-42442 42447 42464 42467 42469 42478 42480 42553 42561 42563 42566-42570 42584-42585 42589-42591 42598 42608 42614 42621 42760-42761 42764-42765 42776 42790 42797 42815 42855 42858-42859 42862 42867 42896 42898-42901 42903 42905-42909 42911 42918 42929-42931 42941-42943 42961-42962 42965 42967-42970 42996 42998 43004-43005 43042 44293 44304-44305 44307 44312-44313 44332 44341 44349 44372-44373 44375 44380 44382 44397-44402 44404 44407-44408 44412 44485 44498 44501 47241 47243-47244 47246 47248 47256 47258-47259 47286 47288 47290-47293 47625-47626 47628-47629 47631 47636 47639 47644 47646 47648-47650 47652 47661 47664-47665 47777 47779 477901.9867573869263685e-19 4.621782916333392e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/931/156?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/931/156/table1Parameters of 85 open clustersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_ClFlag on Cl (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000[1.5/356.1] Right ascension (J2000) (2)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-68.2/69] Declination (J2000) (2)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainDist[85.6/652.5] Distance after correction in Section 3 (2)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatRV[-29/43] Radial velocity (2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatpmRA[-36/20] Proper motion in right ascension direction (pmRA*cosDE) (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-45.4/23.4] Proper motion in declination (2)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatAge[3/2650] Age derived from PARSEC isochrone fittingMyrtime.ageintMcl[42/2210.5] Total mass of each star clustersolMassphys.massfloatrh[2.5/22] Half mass radius of the clusterpcphys.size.radiusfloatrt[4.9/18.3] Tidal radius of the clusterpcphys.size.radiusfloatN[57/2690] Total number of membersmeta.numberintNsNumber of members (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullablefm[0.09/1] Bound mass fraction (ratio of mass within the tidal radius)phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatFlagMorphological flag (3)meta.code.errorcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/ApJ/931/156/table2Individual members of the 65 clusters identified in this workYcor[-554/549]? Heliocentric Y Cartesian coordinate (2)pcpos.cartesian.y;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableZcor[-249/141]? Heliocentric Z Cartesian coordinate (2)pcpos.cartesian.z;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableDCor[109/662]? Corrected distancepcpos.distancefloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedClCluster namemeta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaGaia EDR3 identifiermeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexede_RA_ICRS[0.004/0.5] Uncertainty in RAdegdegstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDE_ICRS[-73.1/72.2] Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexede_DE_ICRS[0.006/0.3] Uncertainty in DEdegdegstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatplx[1.48/13] Gaia EDR3 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.008/0.5] Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-40.1/10.5] Gaia EDR3 proper motion along RA *cos(DE)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.007/0.7] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-26.5/14.1] Gaia EDR3 proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.008/0.4] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatGmag[4/19.6] Gaia EDR3 G band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optdoubleBpmag[4.6/21.5] Gaia EDR3 Blue passband magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleRpmag[3/19.5] Gaia EDR3 Red passband magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RdoubleRVel[/103]? Gaia EDR3 radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RVel[/20]? Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocdoublenullableMass[0.1/13.7] Stellar mass from this studysolMassphys.massfloatXobs[-486/503] Heliocentric X Cartesian coordinate (1)pcpos.cartesian.x;pos.heliocentricfloatYobs[-568/554] Heliocentric Y Cartesian coordinate (1)pcpos.cartesian.y;pos.heliocentricfloatZobs[-251/141] Heliocentric Z Cartesian coordinate (1)pcpos.cartesian.z;pos.heliocentricfloatXcor[-477/486]? Heliocentric X Cartesian coordinate (2)pcpos.cartesian.x;pos.heliocentricfloatnullable