J/ApJ/927/185ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/927/185doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19270185CDSWang Y.Qiu K.Cao Y.Cheng YuLiu J.Hu Bo2024-11-06T20:23:55Z2024-02-07T14:21:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-continuum-emissionstar-forming-regionsh-ii-regionsyoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-sourcesWe have carried out a high-sensitivity and high-resolution radio continuum study toward a sample of 47 massive dense cores (MDCs) in the Cygnus X star-forming complex using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, aiming to detect and characterize the radio emission associated with star-forming activities down to ~0.01pc scales. We have detected 64 radio sources within or closely around the FWHMs of the MDCs, of which 37 are reported for the first time. The majority of the detected radio sources are associated with dust condensations embedded within the MDCs, and they are mostly weak and compact. We are able to build spectral energy distributions for eight sources. Two of them indicate nonthermal emission and the other six indicate thermal free-free emission. We have determined that most of the radio sources are ionized jets or winds originating from massive young stellar objects, whereas only a few sources are likely to be ultracompact HII regions. Further quantitative analyses indicate that the radio luminosity of the detected radio sources increases along the evolution path of the MDCs.2022ApJ...927..185Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/927/185CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/114 : MSX6C Infrared Point Source Catalog (Egan+ 2003)J/A+A/241/551 : Radio continuum in Cygnus X region (Wendker+ 1991)J/ApJS/91/659 : Ultracompact HII regions radio images (Kurtz+ 1994)J/A+AS/132/211 : Interstellar SiO sources (Harju+ 1998)J/A+A/336/339 : VLA obs. of ultracompact HII regions (Molinari+ 1998)J/MNRAS/301/640 : Ultracompact H II regions studies. II. (Walsh+, 1998)J/A+A/465/865 : Masers towards high mass protostellar object (Edris+, 2007)J/A+A/476/1243 : Millimeter continuum mapping of Cygnus X (Motte+, 2007)J/A+A/474/911 : 1.3mm and CO(2-1) maps of IRAS 20343+4129 (Palau+, 2007)J/PASJ/59/1185 : Water maser in galactic IRAS sources (Sunada+, 2007)J/A+A/461/11 : Radio observations of MYSO candidates (Urquhart+, 2007)J/A+A/501/539 : RMS survey. 6cm observations of YSOs (Urquhart+, 2009)J/A+A/510/A89 : RMS survey of young massive stars in far-IR (Mottram+, 2010)J/ApJ/715/310 : Early stages of star formation in IRDCs (Rathborne+, 2010)J/ApJ/720/679 : Optical spectroscopy in Cygnus X region (Beerer+, 2010)J/MNRAS/404/661 : Young stellar outflows near-IR imaging (Varricatt+ 2010)J/MNRAS/418/1689 : Red MSX water maser and ammonia emissions (Urquhart+, 2011)J/ApJ/727/114 : BLAST 2005: a 10deg^2^ survey in Cygnus X (Roy+, 2011)J/ApJ/775/63 : Gould's Belt VLA Survey. I. Ophiuchus complex (Dzib+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/11 : Red MSX Source Survey: massive protostars (Lumsden+, 2013)J/MNRAS/435/400 : ATLASGAL. Compact HII regions (Urquhart+, 2013)J/A+A/570/A1 : Cygnus-X CO & SiO outflows datacubes (Duarte-Cabral+, 2014)J/AJ/148/11 : Infrared photometry in Cygnus-X (Kryukova+, 2014)J/AJ/150/191 : IR phot. of YSOs in Cygnus-X DR15 (Rivera-Galvez+, 2015)J/MNRAS/453/645 : Massive molecular outflows (Maud+, 2015)J/MNRAS/450/4364 : Extended H2 emission from massive YSOs (Navarete+, 2015)J/MNRAS/458/3027 : Young and embedded clusters in Cygnus-X (Maia+, 2016)J/ApJS/227/25 : Deep VLA obs. toward high-mass SFRs (Rosero+, 2016)J/A+A/599/A139 : ATLASGAL massive clumps dust (Koenig+, 2017)J/A+A/615/A94 : ALMA massive protocluster gas clumps maps (Fontani+, 2018)J/A+A/615/A103 : CORNISH project. III. UCHII regions (Kalcheva+, 2018)J/ApJS/234/8 : YSO jets from UWISH2. IV. Cygnus-X outflows (Makin+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/3 : Massive outflows and ATLASGAL clumps (Yang+, 2018)J/ApJS/241/1 : Surveys of clumps & cores in Cygnus X. I. MDCs (Cao+, 2019)J/MNRAS/482/2681 : Hypercompact HII regions in the Galactic Plane (Yang+, 2019)J/MNRAS/492/895 : Ultracompact HII regions (de la Fuente+, 2020)J/A+A/653/A108 : Globules and pillars in Cygnus X (Schneider+, 2021)J/A+A/664/A88 : LOFAR 148MHz Cygnus X region image (Emig+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/927/185https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/927/185http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/927/185https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/927/185https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/927/185http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/927/185GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/927/185/table1 (Physical parameters of the massive dense cores (MDCs))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/185/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/185/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/185/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true307.620958341.26586110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/927/185/table4 (*Radio sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/185/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/185/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/927/185/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true307.6141666741.266533330.0055555555555555566/14621 14647 14665 14667 14670-14671 14682 14689 14691-14693 14696-14697 147046.772611666688002e-21 1.000830682546041e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/927/185?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/927/185/table1Physical parameters of the massive dense cores (MDCs)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMDC[214/5417] Massive Dense Core identifiermeta.idintprimary[CQZ2019]Paper I identifier(s) (Cao+ 2019, J/ApJS/241/1)meta.idcharM07Motte+ 2007, J/A+A/476/1243 identifier(s)meta.idcharRAJ2000[20] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[37/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTdust[14/33.4] Dust temperature (1)Kphys.temperaturefloatDmaj[0.18/0.6] Major axis of fitted FWHMpcphys.size.diameterfloatDmin[0.17/0.5] Minor axis of fitted FWHMpcphys.angSizefloatPA[0.5/178] Position angle of fitte FWHMdegpos.posAngfloatMass[15.8/1283] Mass (1)solMassphys.massfloatLFIR[27.4/23522] Far infrared luminositysolLumphys.luminosity;em.IR.15-30umfloatF24[0.03/543]? Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux (2)Jyphot.flux;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablef_F24[a] a=Flux scaled from MSX 21um fluxmeta.code;phot.flux;em.IR.15-30umcharNH2H_2_ column densitycm**-2phys.columnDensitycharnH2H_2_ column-averaged densitycm**-3phys.densitycharTypeClassification according to F24 (3)meta.code.class;src.classcharNsNumber of radio sources for this core (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullableNrNumber of radio continuum map observations (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableJ/ApJ/927/185/table4*Radio sourcesMDC[247/5417] Massive Dense Core identifier (1)meta.idintSnuPk[0.01/78]? Peak flux densitymJy/beamphot.flux.density;stat.max;em.radiofloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_MDC[d] Flag on MDC (2)meta.codecharIDRadio source identifier in MDCmeta.id;meta.maincharf_ID[ef] Flag on ID (2)meta.codecharRAJ2000[20] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[37/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainFreq[1.4/44] Map frequencyGHzem.freqfloatDmaj[0.05/16.3]? Source convolved major-axis lengtharcsecphys.size.diameterfloatnullablee_Dmaj[0/9.6]? Uncertainty in Dmajarcsecstat.error;phys.size.diameterfloatnullableDmin[0.04/12]? Source convolved minor-axis lengtharcsecphys.angSizefloatnullablee_Dmin[0/2.5]? Uncertainty in Dminarcsecstat.error;phys.angSizefloatnullablef_Dmaj0Flag on Dmaj0 (2)meta.code;phys.angSizecharDmaj0[0.02/6.3]? Source deconvolved major-axis lengtharcsecphys.angSizefloatnullablee_SnuPk[0/2.6]? Uncertainty in SnuPkmJy/beamstat.error;phot.flux.density;stat.maxfloatnullableRMSJ/ApJ/927/185/table3Properties of the radio continuum mapsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMDC[214/5417]? Massive Dense Core identifiermeta.idintnullableRegRegion identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharCodeProject Code of MDC mapmeta.id;obscharf_Freq[abcdef] Flag on Freq (1)meta.code;em.freqcharFreq[1.4/44] Central map frequencyGHzem.freqfloatf_BmajApproximate flag on Bmajmeta.code;phys.angSize;instr.beamcharBmaj[0.04/16] Synthesized beam major axisarcsecphys.angSize;phys.size.diameter;instr.beamfloatf_BminApproximate flag on Bminmeta.code;phys.angSize;instr.beamcharBmin[0.03/13.4] Synthesized beam minor axisarcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatBPA[-176/90]? Synthesized beam position angledegpos.posAng;instr.beam;phys.angSizefloatnullableRMS