J/ApJ/926/154ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/926/154doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-wy-4tCDSSales-Silva J.V.Daflon S.Cunha K.Souto D.Smith V.V.Chiappini C.,Donor J.Frinchaboy P.M.Garcia-Hernandez D.A.Hayes C.Majewski S.R.,Masseron T.Schiavon R.P.Weinberg D.H.Beaton R.L.,Fernandez-Trincado J.G.Jonsson H.Lane R.R.Minniti D.Manchado A.,Moni Bidin C.Nitschelm C.O'Connell J.Villanova S.2026-07-02T11:58:23Z2023-12-04T09:50:32ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyopen-star-clustersmilky-way-galaxyThe APOGEE Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping survey is used to probe the chemical evolution of the s-process element cerium in the Galactic disk. Cerium abundances were derived from measurements of CeII lines in the APOGEE spectra using the Brussels Automatic Code for Characterizing High Accuracy Spectra in 218 stars belonging to 42 open clusters. Our results indicate that, in general, for ages <4Gyr, younger open clusters have higher [Ce/Fe] and [Ce/{alpha}-element] ratios than older clusters. In addition, metallicity segregates open clusters in the [Ce/X]-age plane (where X can be H, Fe, or the {alpha}-elements O, Mg, Si, or Ca). These metallicity-dependent relations result in [Ce/Fe] and [Ce/{alpha}] ratios with ages that are not universal clocks. Radial gradients of [Ce/H] and [Ce/Fe] ratios in open clusters, binned by age, were derived for the first time, with d[Ce/H]/dRGC being negative, while d[Ce/Fe]/dRGC is positive. [Ce/H] and [Ce/Fe] gradients are approximately constant over time, with the [Ce/Fe] gradient becoming slightly steeper, changing by ~+0.009dex/kpc/Gyr. Both the [Ce/H] and [Ce/Fe] gradients are shifted to lower values of [Ce/H] and [Ce/Fe] for older open clusters. The chemical pattern of Ce in open clusters across the Galactic disk is discussed within the context of s-process yields from asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, gigayear time delays in Ce enrichment of the interstellar medium, and the strong dependence of Ce nucleosynthesis on the metallicity of its AGB stellar sources.2022ApJ...926..154Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/926/154CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020)J/MNRAS/340/304 : [X/Fe] of Galactic disc F and G dwarfs (Reddy+, 2003)J/MNRAS/367/1329 : Elemental abundances for 176 stars (Reddy+, 2006)J/ApJ/696/797 : Evolution & yields of low-mass AGB stars (Cristallo+, 2009)J/MNRAS/419/1350 : Red giants abundances in 4 open clusters (Reddy+, 2012)J/AJ/144/95 : Abundance in stars of the outer gal. disk. IV. (Yong+, 2012)J/AJ/145/107 : Zr, Ba, La & Eu abund. in 19 open clusters (Jacobson+, 2013)J/A+A/558/A53 : MW global survey of star clusters. II. (Kharchenko+, 2013)J/A+A/552/A128 : Abundances of neutron-capture elements (Mishenina+, 2013)J/MNRAS/431/3338 : Abundances of red giants in open clusters (Reddy+, 2013)J/A+A/562/A71 : Abundances of solar neighbourhood dwarfs (Bensby+, 2014)J/ApJ/787/10 : Solar s-process with GCE model (Bisterzo+, 2014)J/A+A/586/A49 : r- & s- process elements in MW disk (Battistini+, 2016)J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016)J/ApJ/854/184 : Abundances of stars in 3 open clusters (Pena Suarez+, 2018)J/MNRAS/474/2580 : Evolution of neutron-capture elements (Spina+, 2018)J/A+A/624/A78 : Masses & ages of 1059 HARPS-GTO stars (Delgado Mena+, 2019)J/MNRAS/487/1057 : Massive SFR beyond the solar circle (Djordjevic+, 2019)J/A+A/631/A113 : Abundances of disk & bulge giants (Forsberg+, 2019)J/ApJ/874/97 : Abundances from APOGEE. II. M67 stars (Souto+, 2019)J/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)J/A+A/639/A127 : Age-chemical-clocks-metallicity relations (Casali+, 2020)J/AJ/159/199 : OCCAM. IV. Open cluster abund. from APOGEE (Donor+, 2020)J/A+A/633/L9 : Linear regression fit coefficients (Jofre+, 2020)J/ApJ/895/52 : EW and abundances in 211 stars with HARPS (Spina+, 2020)J/A+A/652/A25 : Abundance-age relations with open cl. (Casamiquela+, 2021)J/A+A/645/A85 : Age dissection of the Milky Way discs (Miglio+, 2021)J/MNRAS/503/3279 : GALAH survey. Gal. disc with open clusters (Spina+, 2021)J/A+A/649/A126 : Abundances of neutron-capture elements (Tautvaisiene+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/154https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/154http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/926/154https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/154https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/154http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/926/154GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/926/154/table1 (Cluster parameters and abundance ratios used in this study)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/154/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/154/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/154/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true89.54721.9650.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/926/154/table4 (Line-by-line Ce abundances and atmospheric parameters (Teff, logg, {xi} and [Fe/H]) for all cluster stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/154/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/154/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/926/154/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true89.575662221.97883170.0055555555555555565/3688 6/1302 1308 1512 1514 1782 2433 2436 3015 3076 3091 3168 3277 3633 4076 4078 4296 4298 6149 14175 14225 14306 14573 14575 15121 15379 15417 20562 20903 21567 22130 22887 23638 23861 23906 24329 24344-24345 24489 24491 29045 29728 30215 30622 37343 37906 38026 42387 42396 43140https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/926/154?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/926/154/table1Cluster parameters and abundance ratios used in this studySimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimarylogAge[8.1/9.9] Log of age (1)log(yr)time.agefloatRGC[6/20.6] Galactocentric distance (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatNs[1/30] Number of starsmeta.numberint[Fe/H][-0.47/0.36] Metallicity (1)log(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H][0.003/0.04]? [Fe/H] uncertaintylog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatnullableACe[1.38/2.1] Mean Ce abundance obtained in our study using BACCHUSphys.abundfloate_ACe[0.014/0.09]? ACe uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullable[Ce/H][-0.32/0.38] Log of Ce/H abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloat[Ce/Fe][0.002/0.44] Log of Ce/Fe abundancelog(Sun)phys.abundfloatOCCAMDisplay data from OCCAM IV (Donor+ 2020, J/AJ/159/199)meta.ref.urlcharCG20Display data from Cantat-Gaudin+ 2020, J/A+A/640/A1meta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/926/154/table4Line-by-line Ce abundances and atmospheric parameters (Teff, logg, {xi} and [Fe/H]) for all cluster starsClCluster namemeta.id.parentcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameAPOGEE identifier (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharS/N[41/1137] Signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrastat.snrintTeff[4014/4999] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[1.66/3.54] Log of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatxi[0.7/1.51] Microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.velocfloat[Fe/H][-0.51/0.41] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatCe15277[1.32/2.16]? 15277.6{AA} CeII absorption linephys.abundfloatnullableCe15784[1.38/2.23]? 15784.8{AA} CeII absorption linephys.abundfloatnullableCe15977[1.31/2.21]? 15977.1{AA} CeII absorption linephys.abundfloatnullableCe16327[1.51/2.15]? 16327.3{AA} CeII absorption linephys.abundfloatnullableCe16376[1.36/2.15]? 16376.5{AA} CeII absorption linephys.abundfloatnullableCe16595[1.33/2.25]? 16595.2{AA} CeII absorption linephys.abundfloatnullableCe16722[1.54/2.23]? 16722.6{AA} CeII absorption linephys.abundfloatnullableACe[1.32/2.19] Ce abundance, <A(Ce)>phys.abundfloate_ACe[0/0.25]? 1{sigma} ACe uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main