J/ApJ/924/15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/924/15doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19240015CDSJacobson-Galan W.V.Dessart L.Jones D.O.Margutti R.Coppejans D.L.,Dimitriadis G.Foley R.J.Kilpatrick C.D.Matthews D.J.Rest S.,Terreran G.Aleo P.D.Auchettl K.Blanchard P.K.Coulter D.A.,Davis K.W.de Boer T.J.L.DeMarchi L.Drout M.R.Earl N.Gagliano A.,Gall C.Hjorth J.Huber M.E.Ibik A.L.Milisavljevic D.Pan Y.-C.,Rest A.Ridden-Harper R.Rojas-Bravo C.Siebert M.R.Smith K.W.,Taggart K.Tinyanont S.Wang Q.Zenati Y.2023-10-06T10:41:39Z2023-08-17T12:10:59ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaevisible-astronomyspectroscopyinfrared-photometrybroad-band-photometryultraviolet-photometryWe present panchromatic observations and modeling of supernova (SN) 2020tlf, the first normal Type II-P/L SN with confirmed precursor emission, as detected by the Young Supernova Experiment transient survey. Pre-SN activity was detected in riz-bands at -130 days and persisted at relatively constant flux until first light. Soon after discovery, "flash" spectroscopy of SN 2020tlf revealed narrow, symmetric emission lines that resulted from the photoionization of circumstellar material (CSM) shed in progenitor mass-loss episodes before explosion. Surprisingly, this novel display of pre-SN emission and associated mass loss occurred in a red supergiant (RSG) progenitor with zero-age main-sequence mass of only 10-12M_{sun}_, as inferred from nebular spectra. Modeling of the light curve and multi-epoch spectra with the non-LTE radiative-transfer code CMFGEN and radiation-hydrodynamical code HERACLES suggests a dense CSM limited to r~10^15^cm, and mass-loss rate of 10^-2^M_{sun}_/yr. The luminous light-curve plateau and persistent blue excess indicates an extended progenitor, compatible with an RSG model with R_*_=1100R_{sun}_. Limits on the shock-powered X-ray and radio luminosity are consistent with model conclusions and suggest a CSM density of {rho}<2x10^-16^g/cm^3^ for distances from the progenitor star of r~5x10^15^cm, as well as a mass-loss rate of dM/dt<1.3x10^-5^M_{sun}_/yr at larger distances. A promising power source for the observed precursor emission is the ejection of stellar material following energy disposition into the stellar envelope as a result of gravity waves emitted during either neon/oxygen burning or a nuclear flash from silicon combustion.2022ApJ...924...15Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/924/15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toVIII/76 : Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI (Kalberla+ 2005)J/MNRAS/383/1485 : BVRI light curves of SN 2003jd (Valenti+, 2008)J/MNRAS/394/21 : Multi-epoch spectroscopy of SN 1994W (Dessart+, 2009)J/ApJ/721/1608 : Absolute UV magnitudes of type Ia SNe (Brown+, 2010)J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)J/MNRAS/425/1789 : Berkeley supernova Ia program. I. (Silverman+, 2012)J/MNRAS/428/729 : GRB Swift X-ray light curves analysis (Margutti+, 2013)J/ApJ/768/47 : Swift/XRT 0.2-10keV obs. of SN2009ip (Ofek+, 2013)J/other/Nat/494.65 : SN 2010mc outburst before explosion (Ofek+, 2013)J/ApJ/789/104 : SNe IIn observations and properties (Ofek+, 2014)J/ApJ/795/44 : PS1 SNe Ia (0.02<z<0.7) griz light curves (Rest+, 2014)J/MNRAS/449/1921 : UV/optical/NIR phot. for Type Ibn SNe (Pastorello+, 2015)J/A+A/589/A110 : SN II in host HII regions (Anderson+, 2016)J/ApJ/824/6 : PTF obs. of SNHunt275 2015 May event (Ofek+, 2016)J/A+A/605/A6 : Photometry of supernova iPTF13z (Nyholm+, 2017)J/MNRAS/475/193 : Foundation SN Survey first data release (Foley+, 2018)J/ApJ/867/108 : Stellar masses & rest-frame u-g of SNIa (Jones+, 2018)J/ApJ/864/L20 : SN 2017eaw NIR spectroscopy (Rho+, 2018)J/ApJ/859/101 : The supernovae Ia Pantheon sample (Scolnic+, 2018)J/ApJ/867/105 : ATLAS all-sky stellar ref. cat. (Tonry+, 2018)J/ApJ/875/136 : BVRI, sp. & IR obs. of SN2017eaw (Van Dyk+, 2019)J/ApJ/898/166 : UV to NIR obs. of SN 2019ehk (Jacobson-Galan+, 2020)J/ApJ/912/46 : ZTF Type II supernovae with follow-up obs. (Bruch+, 2021)J/ApJ/907/99 : Pre-explosion LC of 227 Supernovae (Strotjohann+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/924/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/924/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/924/15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/924/15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/924/15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/924/15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/924/15/tablea4Optical photometry of SN 2020tlfrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[58970.39/59398.3] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublePhase[-147.3/280.7] Phase relative to B-band maximum (MJD 59117.6)time.phasefloatFiltFilter usedinstr.setup;instr.filtercharl_magLimit flag on magmeta.code.errorcharmag[14.3/21.87] Apparent magnitude in Filtermagphot.magfloate_mag[0.01/0.35]? Uncertainty in magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableInstInstrument used (1)instr.setupcharJ/ApJ/924/15/tablea1Optical spectroscopy of SN 2020tlfrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateDate of observation (UT)time.epochnullableMJD[59109/59375] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochfloatPhase[-8.6/257.4] Phase relative to B-band maximum (MJD 59117.6)dtime.phasefloatTelTelescopemeta.id;instr.telcharInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharlam1[3200/9500] Lower range of wavelength in {AA}0.1nmem.wl;stat.minintlam2[9200/24500] Upper range of wavelength in {AA}0.1nmem.wl;stat.maxintspInteractive spectrum plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/924/15/fig5Spectral observations of SN 2020tlfrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[59109/59375] Modified Julian Date of the observationdtime.epochintindexedInstInstrument identifier (1)meta.id;instrcharlambda[3162.18/24660.3] Wavelength; Angstroms0.1nmem.wldoubleFlux[-48.6/34.1] Observed flux (2)phot.fluxdoublee_Flux[0.003/0.4]? Uncertainty in Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullable