J/ApJ/923/267ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/923/267doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19230267CDSDettman K.G.Jha S.W.Dai MiFoley R.J.Rest A.Scolnic D.M.,Siebert M.R.Chambers K.C.Coulter D.A.Huber M.E.Johnson E.,Jones D.O.Kilpatrick C.D.Kirshner R.P.Pan Y.-C.Riess A.G.,Shultz A.S.B.2023-10-06T10:37:33Z2023-08-01T10:11:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaevisible-astronomyspectroscopyredshiftedbroad-band-photometrytwo-color-diagramsThe ejecta velocities of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), as measured by the SiII{lambda}6355 line, have been shown to correlate with other supernova properties, including color and standardized luminosity. We investigate these results using the Foundation Supernova Survey, with a spectroscopic data release presented here, and photometry analyzed with the SALT2 light-curve fitter. We find that the Foundation data do not show significant evidence for an offset in color between SNe Ia with high and normal photospheric velocities, with {Delta}c=0.004+/-0.015. Our SALT2 analysis does show evidence for redder high-velocity SNe Ia in other samples, including objects from the Carnegie Supernova Project, with a combined sample yielding {Delta}c=0.018+/-0.008. When split on velocity, the Foundation SNe Ia also do not show a significant difference in Hubble diagram residual, {Delta}HR=0.015+/-0.049mag. Intriguingly, we find that SN Ia ejecta velocity information may be gleaned from photometry, particularly in redder optical bands. For high-redshift SNe Ia, these rest-frame red wavelengths will be observed by the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Our results are in line with previous work that suggests SN Ia host-galaxy stellar mass is correlated with ejecta velocity: high-velocity SNe Ia are found nearly exclusively in high-stellar-mass hosts. However, host-galaxy properties alone do not explain velocity-dependent differences in supernova colors and luminosities across samples. Measuring and understanding the connection between intrinsic explosion properties and supernova environments, across cosmic time, will be important for precision cosmology with SNe Ia.2021ApJ...923..267Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/923/267CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/A+A/471/527 : Spectroscopy of SN 2005cf (Garavini+, 2007)J/MNRAS/377/1531 : Optical & IR photometry of SN 2004eo (Pastorello+, 2007)J/AJ/135/1598 : Opt. spectroscopy of type Ia supernovae (Matheson+, 2008)J/ApJ/707/1449 : Local hosts of SNe Ia (Neill+, 2009)J/ApJ/699/L139 : Spectral parameters of SNe Ia (Wang+, 2009)J/AJ/139/519 : Carnegie supernova project. SNe Ia (Contreras+, 2010)J/AJ/139/120 : Low-redshift Type-Ia supernovae (Folatelli+, 2010)J/MNRAS/406/782 : Type Ia supernovae luminosities (Sullivan+, 2010)J/ApJ/742/89 : Relations between sp. and colors of SNe Ia (Foley+, 2011)J/A+A/526/A28 : SDSS-II SNe NTT and NOT spectroscopy (Oestman+, 2011)J/AJ/142/156 : The CSP (DR2): photometry of SNe Ia (Stritzinger+, 2011)J/AJ/143/126 : Spectroscopy of 462 nearby Type Ia SNe (Blondin+, 2012)J/MNRAS/425/1789 : Berkeley supernova Ia program. I. (Silverman+, 2012)J/ApJ/755/61 : SN Ia host galaxies SFR from SDSS-II (Smith+, 2012)J/ApJ/773/53 : Type Ia SNe spectroscopy by the CSP (Folatelli+, 2013)J/A+A/554/A27 : 2011fe spectrophotometric time series (Pereira+, 2013)J/other/Sci/340.170 : Classifications of 188 SNe Ia (Wang+, 2013)J/A+A/568/A22 : Joint analysis of SDSS-II & SNLS SNe Ia (Betoule+, 2014)J/MNRAS/444/3258 : Velocities and EW of PTF SNe Ia (Maguire+, 2014)J/ApJS/219/8 : SFR for WISE + SDSS spectroscopic galaxies (Chang+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/13 : SNIa light curves for the LSQ-CSP sample (Walker+, 2015)J/MNRAS/457/3470 : SN Ia host-galaxy/cosmological param. (Campbell+, 2016)J/ApJ/826/56 : HST obs. of Cepheids in SNIa host gal. (Riess+, 2016)J/ApJ/821/115 : SDSS-II SN Survey: host-gal. spectral data (Wolf+, 2016)J/MNRAS/467/1098 : ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue 2015 (Holoien+, 2017)J/MNRAS/471/4966 : ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue 2016 (Holoien+, 2017)J/AJ/154/211 : CSP (DR3): photometry of low-z SNe Ia (Krisciunas+, 2017)J/ApJ/869/56 : Updated calibration of the CSP-I SNIa (Burns+, 2018)J/MNRAS/475/193 : Foundation Supernova Survey DR1 (Foley+, 2018)J/ApJ/867/108 : Masses and rest-frame u-g colors of SNIa (Jones+, 2018)J/ApJ/882/120 : CfA, CSP, BSP & LOSS sp. & phot. of SNe Ia (Wang+, 2019)http://www.wiserep.org/ : Weizmann Interactive SN Data Repository (WISeREP)http://www.wis-tns.org/ : Transient Name Server (TNS)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/267https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/267http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/267https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/267https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/267http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/267GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/267/table1 (Supernova velocities, light-curve parameters, and Hubble residuals for the Foundation sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true155.624583315.09658330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/267/table2 (Supernova velocities and light-curve parameters for the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true30.55125-0.10055560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/267/table3 (*Supernova velocities and light-curve parameters for the W09/FK11 sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true161.758083317.27522220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/267/table4 (Results of our two methods of obtaining v^0^_Si_ for the Foundation objects)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true155.624583315.09658330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/267/table5 (Results of our two methods of obtaining v^0^_Si_ for the non-Foundation objects)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true161.758083317.27522220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/267/table6 (Properties of Foundation spectral data release)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/267/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true177.867522.02636110.0055555555555555566/0 50 236 248 524 609 650 697 953 1796 2138 2142 2173 2214 2227 2232 2251 2254 2257-2258 2340 2347 2353 2407 3393 4114 4401 4416 4447 4521 4562 4577 4583 4684 4719 4807 4833 4993 5006 5024 5100 5362 5973 6062-6063 6101 6114 6178 6192 6219 6326 6936 7044 7166 7193 7623 7747 7783 7923 8064 8214 8247 8267 8271 8276 8341 8351 8403 8435 8481 8499 8521 8526 8667 8731 8927 9057 9136 9229 9449 9484 9565 9640 9654 9774 9794 9806 9840 9881 9883 9939 10004 10042 10326 10379-10380 10397 10428 10556 10563 10767 10789 11064 11105 11181 11246 11263 11273 11280 11496 11588 11672 12367 12455 12471 12493 12508 12585 12772 13180 13350 13399 13459 13505 13550 13561 13564 14009 14882 14907 15056 15206 15548 16632 16690 16802 16852 16999 17146 17152 17160 17185 17197 17207 17239 17282 17329 17340 17360 17401 17412 17454 17500 17614 17625 17662 17667 17689 17736 17817-17818 17828 17840 17953 18011 18016-18017 18120 18212 18214 18296 18394 18410 18685 18735 18749 18753 18802 18841-18842 18851 18869 18895 18939 19019 19051 19102 19227 19298 19395 19515 19554 19581 19671 19787 19827 19900 20014 20082 20090 20095 20140 20237 20283 20288 20370 20678 21041 21179 21263-21264 21270 21300 21857 22382 22406 22561 22599 22826 23008 23013 23023 23028 23060 23157 23179 23193 23219 23233 23294 23820 23828 23916 24734 24823 24898 24920 25078-25079 25141 25252 25333 25344 25491 25508 25513 25615 25634 25769-25770 25818 25855 25889 25952 25960 25986 25996 26050 26060 26102 26262 26402 26454 26458 26499 26575 26584 26602 26752 26874 27009 27045 27201 27348 27430 27487 27491 27561 27612 27623 27761 27808 27864 27904 27910 27912 27926 28035 28040 28075 28089 28202 28249 28299 28302 28353 28368 28426 28498 28544 30044 30100 31218 31230 31463 31887 32136 32162 32190 32275 32336 32492 32504 32522 32542 32561 32569 32602 32620-32621 34493 34534 36027 36131 36201 36230 36287 36372 36380 36553 36623 36662 36798 36805 36919 37299 37668 39627 39677 39836 39863 40145 40294 40379 40435 40599 40752 43339 43971 44000 44005 44022 44511 44555 44596 44660 44710 44896 44915 44971 45016 45041 45418 47064 48471 48481 48558 48667 48898 49109https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/923/267?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/923/267/table1Supernova velocities, light-curve parameters, and Hubble residuals for the Foundation sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablee_muRes[0.15/0.3]? Uncertainty in muResmagstat.errorfloatnullableNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharz[0.005/0.09] Spectrocopic redshift of hostsrc.redshiftfloatv0Si[-17/-8.8] SiII inferred velocity at phase=01000km.s**-1phys.velocfloate_v0Si[0.2/1] Uncertainty in v0Si1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatc[-0.18/0.31]? SALT2 color parameterphot.color.excessfloatnullablee_c[0.03/0.09]? Uncertainty in cstat.errorfloatnullablex1[-2.8/2.8]? SALT2 light-curve shape parameterstat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_x1[0.06/0.7]? Uncertainty in x1stat.errorfloatnullablet0[57122.39/57847.7]? Modified Julian Date of B band maximumdtime.epochdoublenullablee_t0[0.04/2]? Uncertainty in t0dstat.errorfloatnullableBmag[12.8/19]? Apparent B band Vega magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmag[0.03/0.2]? Uncertainty in Bmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablemuRes[-0.37/0.4]? Distance modulus residualmagphot.mag.distModfloatnullablelogM[5/11.7]? log host stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablee_logM[0.16]? Uncertainty in logM (G1)log(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullableFigsFigures associated with this IDmeta.bib.figchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/923/267/table2Supernova velocities and light-curve parameters for the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) sampleIDSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintz[0.003/0.09] Spectrocopic redshift of hostsrc.redshiftfloatl_v0SiLimit flag on v0Simeta.code.errorcharv0Si[-15.5/-8.6] SiII inferred velocity at phase=01000km.s**-1phys.velocfloate_v0Si[0.2/0.6]? Uncertainty in v0Si1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullablec[-0.16/1]? SALT2 color parameterphot.color.reddFreefloatnullablee_c[0.007/0.1]? Uncertainty in cstat.errorfloatnullablex1[-3/4]? SALT2 light-curve shape parameterstat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_x1[0.02/0.8]? Uncertainty in x1stat.errorfloatnullablet0[49685.3/54889.7]? Modified Julian Date of B band maximumdtime.epochdoublenullablee_t0[0.01/1.1]? Uncertainty in t0dstat.errorfloatnullableBmag[12.76/18.8]? Apparent B band Vega magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in Bmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablelogM[8.6/11.53]? log host stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablee_logM[0.1/1.6]? Uncertainty in logM (G1)log(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullableFigsFigures associated with this IDmeta.bib.figcharF10Display data from Folatelli+ 2010, J/AJ/139/120meta.ref.urlintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/923/267/table3*Supernova velocities and light-curve parameters for the W09/FK11 sampleIDSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharz[0.003/0.09] Spectrocopic redshift of hostsrc.redshiftfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintl_v0SiLimit flag on v0Simeta.code.errorcharv0Si[-15.5/-8.6] SiII inferred velocity at phase=01000km.s**-1phys.velocfloate_v0Si[0.2/0.6]? Uncertainty in v0Si1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullablec[-0.16/1]? SALT2 color parameterphot.color.reddFreefloatnullablee_c[0.007/0.1]? Uncertainty in cstat.errorfloatnullablex1[-3/4]? SALT2 light-curve shape parameterstat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_x1[0.02/0.8]? Uncertainty in x1stat.errorfloatnullablet0[49685.3/54889.7]? Modified Julian Date of B band maximumdtime.epochdoublenullablee_t0[0.01/1.1]? Uncertainty in t0dstat.errorfloatnullableBmag[12.76/18.8]? Apparent B band Vega magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmag[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in Bmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablelogM[8.6/11.53]? log host stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablee_logM[0.1/1.6]? Uncertainty in logM (G1)log(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullableFigsFigures associated with this IDmeta.bib.figcharWCatDisplay data from Wang+ 2009, J/ApJ/699/L139meta.ref.urlintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/923/267/table4Results of our two methods of obtaining v^0^_Si_ for the Foundation objectsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharf_IDSN flag (1)meta.codecharPhase[-14.9/16.4] Phase; time since t_0_dtime.intervalfloatvSi-G[-17.91/-7.8]? SiII velocity from Gaussian fit1000km.s**-1phys.velocfloatnullablee_vSi-G[0.01/0.91]? Uncertainty in vSi-G1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullablevSi-S[-19.2/-8.5]? SiII velocity from Smoothed minimum1000km.s**-1phys.velocfloatnullablee_vSi-S[0.01/0.6]? Uncertainty in vSi-S1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullablevSi[-16.9/-8.8]? Adopted Si II velocity1000km.s**-1phys.velocfloatnullablee_vSi[0.01/1]? Uncertainty in vSi1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullablev0Si[-16.9/-8.8]? Adopted SiII velocity at phase=01000km.s**-1phys.velocfloatnullablee_v0Si[0.2/1]? Uncertainty in v0Si1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableF18Display data from Foundation Supernova Survey DR1 phot. (Foley+ 2018, J/MNRAS/475/193)meta.ref.urlintnullableJ18Display data from Jones+ 2018, J/ApJ/867/108meta.ref.urlintnullableASASSNDisplay data from (Holoien+ 2017, J/MNRAS/467/1098 and J/MNRAS/471/4966)meta.ref.urlintnullablespDisplay the Foundation spectral data if any (link to Table 6)meta.ref.urlintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/923/267/table5Results of our two methods of obtaining v^0^_Si_ for the non-Foundation objectsSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharvSi-S[-20.1/-7.7] SiII velocity from Smoothed minimum1000km.s**-1phys.velocfloate_vSi-S[0/3.6] Uncertainty in vSi-S1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatvSi[-15.8/-7.88]? Adopted Si II velocity1000km.s**-1phys.velocfloatnullablee_vSi[0/1.8]? Uncertainty in vSi1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableRefReference codemeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_IDSN flag (1)meta.codecharPhase[-10.4/22.1] Phase; time since t_0_dtime.intervalfloatvSi-G[-16.2/-5] Si II velocity from Gaussian fit1000km.s**-1phys.velocfloate_vSi-G[0.01/4.7] Uncertainty in vSi-G1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatv0Si[-15.89/-7.85]? Adopted SiII velocity at phase=01000km.s**-1phys.velocfloatnullablee_v0Si[0.2/1.8]? Uncertainty in v0Si1000km.s**-1stat.errorfloatnullableBibCodeBibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodecharWCatDisplay data from Wang+ 2009, J/ApJ/699/L139meta.ref.urlintnullableCSPSN velocities for the CSP sample (link to Table 2)meta.ref.urlintnullableW09SN velocities for the W09/FK11 sample (link to Table 3)meta.ref.urlintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/923/267/table6Properties of Foundation spectral data releaseSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSN identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharTelTelescope/Instrument identifier (1)meta.idcharz[0/0.12] Spectrocopic redshift of hostsrc.redshiftfloatDateDate of Observationtime.epochnullablet0[57054.6/58109.5]? Modified Julian Date of B band maximumdtime.epochfloatnullablePhase[-9.7/122]? Approximate phasedtime.phasefloatnullableRangeWavelength range; Angstroms0.1nmem.wlcharFileNameName of the FITS file in subdirectory "sp"; column added by CDSmeta.id;meta.fitscharF18Display data from Foundation Supernova Survey DR1 phot. (Foley+ 2018, J/MNRAS/475/193)meta.ref.urlintnullableJ18Display data from Jones+ 2018, J/ApJ/867/108meta.ref.urlintnullableASASSNDisplay data from (Holoien+ 2017, J/MNRAS/467/1098 and J/MNRAS/471/4966)meta.ref.urlintnullablev0Display the v0_Si results for the Foundation objects (link to Table 4)meta.ref.urlintnullablefitsDownload the FITS filemeta.ref.urlcharspInteractive spectrum plotmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main