J/ApJ/923/215ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/923/215doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19230215CDSCasey C.M.Zavala J.A.Manning S.M.Aravena M.Bethermin M.,Caputi K.I.Champagne J.B.Clements D.L.Drew P.Finkelstein S.L.,Fujimoto S.Hayward C.C.Dekel A.M.Kokorev V.del Lagos C. P,Long A.S.Magdis G.E.Man A.W.S.Mitsuhashi I.Popping G.Spilker J.,Staguhn J.Talia M.Toft S.Treister E.Weaver J.R.Yun M.2023-11-03T12:33:50Z2023-07-25T08:49:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomysurveysgalaxiesredshiftedactive-galactic-nucleiinfrared-photometryradio-sourcesWe present the characteristics of 2mm selected sources from the largest Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) blank-field contiguous survey conducted to date, the Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (MORA) survey covering 184arcmin^2^ at 2mm. Twelve of 13 detections above 5{sigma} are attributed to emission from galaxies, 11 of which are dominated by cold dust emission. These sources have a median redshift of <z_2mm_>=3.6_-0.3_^+0.4^ primarily based on optical/near-infrared photometric redshifts with some spectroscopic redshifts, with 77%+/-11% of sources at z>3 and 38%+/-12% of sources at z>4. This implies that 2mm selection is an efficient method for identifying the highest-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). Lower-redshift DSFGs (z<3) are far more numerous than those at z>3 yet are likely to drop out at 2mm. MORA shows that DSFGs with star formation rates in excess of 300M_{sun}_/yr and a relative rarity of ~10^-5^Mpc^-3^ contribute ~30% to the integrated star formation rate density at 3<z<6. The volume density of 2mm selected DSFGs is consistent with predictions from some cosmological simulations and is similar to the volume density of their hypothesized descendants: massive, quiescent galaxies at z>2. Analysis of MORA sources' spectral energy distributions hint at steeper empirically measured dust emissivity indices than reported in typical literature studies, with <{beta}>=2.2_-0.4_^+0.5^. The MORA survey represents an important step in taking census of obscured star formation in the universe's first few billion years, but larger area 2mm surveys are needed to more fully characterize this rare population and push to the detection of the universe's first dusty galaxies.2021ApJ...923..215Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/923/215CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/284 : COSMOS Multi-Wavelength Photometry Catalog (Capak+, 2007)VIII/103 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)VIII/95 : Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (Oliver+, 2012)J/ApJ/554/803 : New VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) of IRAS 2 Jy Galaxies (Yun+ 2001)J/ApJ/622/772 : Redshift survey of submillimeter galaxies (Chapman+, 2005)J/ApJS/172/46 : VLA-COSMOS survey. II. (Schinnerer+, 2007)J/MNRAS/385/2225 : AzTEC millimetre survey of COSMOS field (Scott+, 2008)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/MNRAS/415/3831 : AzTEC/ASTE source catalogue (Aretxaga+, 2011)J/A+A/532/A90 : PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP-DR1) catalogs (Lutz+, 2011)J/ApJ/735/86 : NEWFIRM MBS: photometric catalogs (Whitaker+, 2011)J/ApJS/201/30 : The Chandra COSMOS survey. III. (Civano+, 2012)J/MNRAS/436/1919 : SCUBA observations of COSMOS galaxies (Casey+, 2013)J/ApJ/768/91 : ALMA observations of LESS submm galaxies (Hodge+, 2013)J/A+A/556/A55 : Multi-color phot. of star-forming galaxies (Ilbert+, 2013)J/ApJ/777/18 : Stellar mass functions of galaxies to z=4 (Muzzin+, 2013)J/MNRAS/436/430 : SCUBA-2 cosmology legacy survey (Roseboom+, 2013)J/ApJS/218/33 : Spitzer-CANDELS catalog within 5 deep fields (Ashby+, 2015)J/ApJ/806/110 : ALESS survey: SMGs in the ECDF-S data (da Cunha+, 2015)J/ApJ/810/71 : UV mag of cand. galaxies at 3~<z~<8.5 (Finkelstein+, 2015)J/ApJ/819/62 : The COSMOS-Legacy Survey (CLS) catalog (Civano+, 2016)J/ApJ/832/78 : SCUBA2 & LABOCA obs. of HATLAS ultrared gal. (Ivison+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/24 : The COSMOS2015 catalog (Laigle+, 2016)J/ApJ/820/83 : ALMA galaxies in the COSMOS survey field (Scoville+, 2016)J/A+A/608/A15 : ALMA survey of submm gal. in COSMOS field (Brisbin+, 2017)J/ApJ/850/83 : DANCING-ALMA. I. submm/mm cont. sources (Fujimoto+, 2017)J/MNRAS/465/1789 : SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey (Geach+, 2017)J/MNRAS/469/492 : JCMT/SCUBA2 objects in COSMOS & UDS (Michalowski+ 2017)J/A+A/602/A1 : VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project (Smolcic+, 2017)J/MNRAS/473/1751 : Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS) (Bakx+, 2018)J/A+A/614/A33 : 500{mu}m-risers sources (Donevski+, 2018)J/MNRAS/477/1099 : SCUBA-2 850um obs. of Herschel gal. (Duivenvoorden+, 2018)J/ApJ/853/172 : "Super-deblended" dust emission in galaxies. I. (Liu+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A85 : Spectroscopy of 3<z<4 quiescent galaxies (Schreiber+ 2018)J/A+A/611/A22 : Jekyll & Hyde galaxies ALMA cube & sp. (Schreiber+, 2018)J/MNRAS/490/3309 : Massive passive galaxies at the Cosmic Dawn (Merlin+, 2019)J/ApJ/880/43 : S2COSMOS: SCUBA-2 submm sources in COSMOS (Simpson+, 2019)J/ApJ/903/139 : COSMOS-XS. II. Ultra-faint radio population (Algera+, 2020)J/ApJS/249/1 : 500um risers with HerMES (Yan+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/215https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/215http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/215https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/215https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/215http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/215GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/215/sample (Measured physical characteristics (Table 2) and photometry (Table 3) of the 2mm detected sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/215/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/215/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/215/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.065070832.263611110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/215/table4 (Positions and multiwavelength counterparts for the marginal 4<{sigma}<5 2mm sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/215/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/215/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/215/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.177620832.244166670.0055555555555555566/272581.987820871092403e-24 6.185923063528282e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/923/215?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/923/215/sampleMeasured physical characteristics (Table 2) and photometry (Table 3) of the 2mm detected sampleMORAMORA designation (MORA-NN, from 1 to 11)meta.id;meta.mainchare_SFR[60/400] Lower uncertainty on SFR (1)solMass/yrstat.error;phys.SFRintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintz[2.29/5.85] Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullablee_z[0.05/1.3]? Lower uncertainty on z (1)stat.error;src.redshiftfloatnullableE_z[0.05/1.5]? Upper uncertainty on z (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablezTypeType of z (OIR=optical/near-infrared)meta.notecharLIR[1.2e+12/2e+13] IR luminositysolLumphys.luminosity;em.IRdoublenullablee_LIR[4e+11/3e+12] Lower uncertainty on LIR (1)solLumstat.errordoublenullableE_LIR[5e+11/4.7e+12] Upper uncertainty on LIR (1)solLumstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableSFR[180/3000] Star formation ratesolMass/yrphys.SFRintnullableE_SFR[70/700] Upper uncertainty on SFR (1)solMass/yrstat.error;stat.maxintnullablelamPk[68/133] SED peak wavelength, {lambda}_peak_umem.wl;stat.maxintnullablee_lamPk[4/23] Lower uncertainty on lamPk (1)umstat.errorintnullableE_lamPk[4/26] Upper uncertainty on lamPk (1)umstat.error;stat.maxintnullablebeta[0/3.11] Dust emissivity index, {beta}stat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_beta[0.1/0.5]? Lower uncertainty on beta (1)stat.errorfloatnullableE_beta[0.1/0.4]? Upper uncertainty on beta (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablef_alpha[e] e=Variables that have been fixedmeta.codecharalpha[0/7] Mid-IR power-law slope, {alpha}_MIR_spect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha[0.14/2.9]? Lower uncertainty on alpha (1)stat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullableE_alpha[0.15/3]? Upper uncertainty on alpha (1)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableMdust[2.1e+08/1.4e+09] Dust masssolMassphys.massdoublenullablee_Mdust[6e+07/4e+08] Lower uncertainty on Mdust (1)solMassstat.errordoublenullableE_Mdust[5e+07/5.1e+08] Upper uncertainty on Mdust (1)solMassstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablee_S450[4/14.4] S450 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatl_S500[l] Limit flag on S500; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS500[0/42] Herschel/SPIRE 500um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzfloate_S500[6.8/26] S500 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatl_S850[l] Limit flag on S850; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS850[0.2/16.8] SCUBA-2 850um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_S850[0.05/0.8] S850 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatMstar[3.2e+09/2.5e+11]? Stellar mass (2)solMassphys.massdoublenullablee_Mstar[1.5e+09/7e+10]? Lower uncertainty on Mstar (1)solMassstat.errordoublenullableE_Mstar[1e+09/1e+11]? Upper uncertainty on Mstar (1)solMassstat.error;stat.maxdoublenullablen_MORA[n] Note on MORA-12 (3)meta.notecharRAJ2000[10] Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[2] Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainS/N[5/8] Signal-to-noise ratio at 2mmstat.snrfloatS2mm[356/1220] ALMA 2mm flux densityuJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzinte_S2mm[60/190] S2mm uncertaintyuJystat.errorintHmag[22.6/26.8]? H-band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty on the Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablef_Hmag[n] n: nondetection in the COSMOS2020 catalogmeta.codecharl_S3.6[l] Limit flag on S3.6; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS3.6[1/13322]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um flux densitynJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umintnullablee_S3.6[24/199]? S3.6 uncertaintynJystat.errorintnullablel_S24[l] Limit flag on S24; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS24[-8/890]? Spitzer/MIPS 24um flux densityuJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umintnullablee_S24[12/44]? S24 uncertaintyuJystat.errorintnullablel_S100[l] Limit flag on S100; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS100[-1.7/6] Herschel/PACS 100um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloate_S100[1.5/2] S100 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatl_S160[l] Limit flag on S160; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS160[-0.6/31.4] Herschel/PACS 160um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloate_S160[2.8/4] S160 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatl_S250[l] Limit flag on S250; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS250[0/38] Herschel/SPIRE 250um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloate_S250[5.8/16] S250 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatl_S350[l] Limit flag on S350; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS350[0/48.4] Herschel/SPIRE 350um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloate_S350[6.3/20.3] S350 uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatl_S450[l] Limit flag on S450; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS450[1/40.6] SCUBA-2 450um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzfloatf_S850[d] d: the flux density in the S850 column has been replaced by improved 870um photometry from ALMA rather than SCUBA-2meta.codecharS1.2mm[1.49/4.7]? 1.2mm flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_S1.2mm[0.05/0.2]? S1.2mm uncertaintymJystat.errorfloatnullablel_S3GHz[l] Limit flag on S3GHz; <3{sigma} detectionsmeta.code.errorcharS3GHz[1/3212] VLA 3GHz flux density from Smolcic+ 2017, J/A+A/602/A1uJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloate_S3GHz[0.8/4.1] S3GHz uncertaintyuJystat.errorfloatf_S3GHz[*] *: S3GHz from COSMOS-XS maps (G1)meta.codecharf_beta[e] e=Variables that have been fixedmeta.codecharJ/ApJ/923/215/table4Positions and multiwavelength counterparts for the marginal 4<{sigma}<5 2mm sampleNameMain name of the sourcemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[10] Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[2] Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainS/N[4/4.8] Signal-to-noise ratio at 2mmstat.snrfloatS2mm[256/1140] ALMA 2mm flux densityphot.flux.density;em.mm.100-200GHzinte_S2mm[62/268] S2mm uncertaintystat.errorintHmag[18.94/26.81]? H-band AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.5]? Uncertainty on the Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableS850[2.5/10.5]? SCUBA-2 850um flux densityphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_S850[0.5/0.7]? S850 uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullableS3GHz[6.4/259]? VLA 3GHz flux densityphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloatnullablee_S3GHz[0.9/4]? S3GHz uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullablef_S3GHzFlag on S3GHz (G1)meta.codechar