J/ApJ/923/20ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/923/20doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19230020CDSPang X.Yu Z.Tang S.-Y.Hong J.Yuan Z.Pasquato M.,Kouwenhoven M.B.N.2023-10-30T14:04:21Z2023-05-30T08:03:22ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersproper-motionsgalaxy-kinematicsradial-velocityphotometryvisible-astronomystellar-distanceWe identify hierarchical structures in the Vela OB2 complex and the cluster pair Collinder 135 and UBC 7 with Gaia EDR3 using the neural network machine-learning algorithm StarGO. Five second-level substructures are disentangled in Vela OB2, which are referred to as Huluwa 1 (Gamma Velorum), Huluwa 2, Huluwa 3, Huluwa 4, and Huluwa 5. For the first time, Collinder 135 and UBC 7 are simultaneously identified as constituent clusters of the pair with minimal manual intervention. We propose an alternative scenario in which Huluwa 1-5 have originated from sequential star formation. The older clusters Huluwa 1-3, with an age of 10-22Myr, generated stellar feedback to cause turbulence that fostered the formation of the younger-generation Huluwa 4-5 (7-20Myr). A supernova explosion located inside the Vela IRAS shell quenched star formation in Huluwa 4-5 and rapidly expelled the remaining gas from the clusters. This resulted in global mass stratification across the shell, which is confirmed by the regression discontinuity method. The stellar mass in the lower rim of the shell is 0.32+/-0.14M_{sun}_ higher than in the upper rim. Local, cluster- scale mass segregation is observed in the lowest-mass cluster Huluwa 5. Huluwa 1-5 (in Vela OB2) are experiencing significant expansion, while the cluster pair suffers from moderate expansion. The velocity dispersions suggest that all five groups (including Huluwa 1A and Huluwa 1B) in Vela OB2 and the cluster pair are supervirial and are undergoing disruption, and also that Huluwa 1A and Huluwa 1B may be a coeval young cluster pair. N-body simulations predict that Huluwa 1-5 in Vela OB2 and the cluster pair will continue to expand in the future 100Myr and eventually dissolve.2021ApJ...923...20Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/923/20CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and Candidates (Dias+ 2002-2015)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/117/354 : OB associations from Hipparcos (de Zeeuw+, 1999)J/A+A/391/547 : Binary and multiple clusters in the LMC (Dieball+, 2002)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJS/186/191 : VI photometry & spectroscopy in h+{chi} Per (Currie+, 2010)J/ApJ/764/73 : HST VI phot. of HD 97950 cluster members stars (Pang+, 2013)J/A+A/563/A94 : Kinematics of the Gamma Vel cluster (Jeffries+, 2014)J/A+A/574/L7 : Gaia-ESO Survey: Li-rich stars in NGC2547 (Sacco+, 2015)J/A+A/586/A41 : LMC star clusters catalog (Palma+, 2016)J/A+A/589/A70 : Gamma Vel cluster membership and IMF (Prisinzano+, 2016)J/A+A/599/A49 : PMS stars evolutionary models (Kunitomo+, 2017)J/MNRAS/472/3887 : Kinematic data for stars in OB-associations (Melnik+, 2017)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the MW (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2018)J/A+A/618/A59 : Gaia DR2 new nearby open clusters (Castro-Ginard+, 2018)J/AJ/156/84 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex. II. (Kounkel+, 2018)J/A+A/626/A17 : Young pop. in Vela-Puppis region (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2019)J/A+A/621/A115 : Vela OB2 members (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A119 : Extended halo of NGC 2682 (M 67) (Carrera+ 2019)J/A+A/631/A166 : Members of 5 cluster in Ori OB1a association (Kos+, 2019)J/ApJS/245/32 : Newly identified star clusters in Gaia DR2 (Liu+, 2019)J/ApJ/877/12 : Coma Ber & Neighbor Stellar Group tidal tails (Tang+, 2019)J/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)J/ApJ/891/39 : LAMOST DR3 VMP stars of the Galactic halo (Yuan+, 2020)J/ApJ/917/23 : SPYGLASS. I. Mapping young stellar structures (Kerr+, 2021)J/ApJ/912/162 : Open clusters in solar neighborhood (Pang+, 2021)J/ApJ/917/21 : Kinematics in Orion Complex with Gaia (Swiggum+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/20https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/20http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/20https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/20https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/20http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/20GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/923/20/table2 (Individual members of the five clusters in Vela OB2, and the cluster pair Collinder 135 and UBC 7)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/20/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/20/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/923/20/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true122.83913658791-51.188940449760.0055555555555555564/2450-2451 2471 5/9793 9795-9796 9798-9799 9810-9811 9816 9818-9819 9824-9826 9828-9829 9841 9844 9878-9879 9909 9920 9922-9923 9928-9930 6/37807 37818-37819 37822 37860 39031 39037 39039 39124-39125 39127 39133 39157 39169 39171 39177-39179 39190-39191 39232-39234 39268 39270-39271 39280 39282 39288 39290-39291 39308 39321 39325-39326 39339 39360-39361 39363 39369-39370 39372-39374 39380 39382-39385 39388-39390 39396 39507 39509-39511 39527 39604 39632-39633 39635 39644 39686-39687 39704 39724-39725 39728 39730 39808-39809 39812 39816 40064 400661.9867573869263685e-19 4.621782916333392e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/923/20?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/923/20/table1General parameters of target clustersAgeAge rangeMyrtime.agecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimarym_ClusterComponents of Huluwa 1meta.code.multipcharXc[-105.8/-44.2] Median X position of members in the cluster (1)pcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.x;stat.medianfloatYc[-391.2/-252.6] Median Y position of members in the cluster (1)pcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.y;stat.medianfloatZc[-70.1/12.8] Median Z position of members in the cluster (1)pcpos.distance;pos.cartesian.z;stat.medianfloatrh[4.7/15.3] Half-mass radius of the clusterpcphys.size.radiusfloatrt[5.7/13.1] Tidal radius of the cluster (2)pcphys.size.radiusfloatMcl[61/724] Total mass of the star clustersolMassphys.massfloatpmRA[-10.1/-4.7] Mean proper motion in RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[6/11] Mean proper motion in DECmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatsigpmRA[0.46/0.9] Dispersion of pmRAmas/yrstat.errorfloate_sigpmRA[0.03/0.2] Negative uncertainty on sigpmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatE_sigpmRA[0.03/0.4] Positive uncertainty on sigpmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatsigpmDE[0.3/1.1] Dispersion of pmDEmas/yrstat.errorfloate_sigpmDE[0.03/0.2] Negative uncertainty on sigpmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatE_sigpmDE[0.03/0.3] Positive uncertainty on sigpmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatsigma[0.35/2.4]? RV dispersion after correction, {sigma}_RV_ (3)km/sinstr.dispersionfloatnullablee_sigma[0.2/0.92]? Negative uncertainty on sigmakm/sstat.errorfloatnullableE_sigma[0.16/1.2]? Positive uncertainty on sigmakm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableMm[102/1294] Number of membersmeta.numberintJ/ApJ/923/20/table2Individual members of the five clusters in Vela OB2, and the cluster pair Collinder 135 and UBC 7ClusterName of the target clustermeta.id.parentchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintm_ClusterComponents of Huluwa 1meta.code.multipcharGaiaObject ID in Gaia EDR3meta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRS[97/133.3] Gaia EDR3 Barycentric right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RA_ICRS[0.006/0.21] Uncertainty in RAdegmasstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDE_ICRS[-53.2/-33] Gaia EDR3 Barycentric declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DE_ICRS[0.007/0.3] Uncertainty in DEdegmasstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatPlx[2.29/4] Parallax from Gaia EDR3maspos.parallaxfloate_Plx[0.0081/0.2462] Uncertainty in Plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-12/-3.4] Gaia EDR3 proper motion in RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.008/0.3] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[4.8/11.5] Gaia EDR3 proper motion in DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.009/0.4] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatGmag[4.9/19.5] Magnitude in G band from Gaia EDR3magphot.mag;em.optdoubleBPmag[4.8/21.7] Magnitude in BP band from Gaia EDR3magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoubleRPmag[5/18.1] Magnitude in RP band from Gaia EDR3magphot.mag;em.opt.RdoubleRVel2[-0.16/38]? Jeffries+ 2014, J/A+A/563/A94 Gaia/ESO survey radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RVel2[0.13/4]? Uncertainty in RVel2km/sstat.errordoublenullableMass[0.1/11] Stellar mass obtained in this studysolMassphys.massfloatXobs[-130/-9] Heliocentric Cartesian X coordinate (1)pcpos.cartesian.x;pos.heliocentricfloatRVel1[-6.4/45.6]? Gaia EDR3 Radial Velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullablee_RVel1[0.3/20]? Uncertianty in RVel1km/sstat.errordoublenullableYobs[-430/-229] Heliocentric Cartesian Y coordinate (1)pcpos.cartesian.y;pos.heliocentricfloatZobs[-103/23.4] Heliocentric Cartesian Z coordinate (1)pcpos.cartesian.z;pos.heliocentricfloatXcor[-125/-9] Heliocentric Cartesian X coordinate, corrected (2)pcpos.cartesian.x;pos.heliocentric;meta.modelledfloatYcor[-423/-236] Heliocentric Cartesian Y coordinate, corrected (2)pcpos.cartesian.y;pos.heliocentric;meta.modelledfloatZcor[-101/24] Heliocentric Cartesian Z coordinate, corrected (2)pcpos.cartesian.z;pos.heliocentric;meta.modelledfloatDistcor[256/435] Corrected distance of individual memberpcpos.distancefloatJ14Display data from Jeffries+ 2014, J/A+A/563/A94 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable