J/ApJ/923/191ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/923/191doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19230191CDSPollock A.M.T.Corcoran M.F.Stevens I.R.Russell C.M.P.Hamaguchi K.,Williams P.M.Moffat A.F.J.Weigelt G.Shenavrin V.Richardson N.D.,Espinoza D.Drake S.A.2023-10-03T13:10:11Z2023-07-24T13:23:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frwolf-rayet-starsmultiple-starsx-ray-sourcesThe long-period, highly eccentric Wolf-Rayet star binary system WR140 has exceptionally well-determined orbital and stellar parameters. Bright, variable X-ray emission is generated in shocks produced by the collision of the winds of the WC7pd+O5.5fc component stars. We discuss the variations in the context of the colliding-wind model using broadband spectrometry from the RXTE, Swift, and NICER observatories obtained over 20yr and nearly 1000 observations through three consecutive 7.94yr orbits, including three periastron passages. The X-ray luminosity varies as expected with the inverse of the stellar separation over most of the orbit; departures near periastron are produced when cooling shifts to excess optical emission in CIII{lambda}5696 in particular. We use X-ray absorption to estimate mass-loss rates for both stars and to constrain the system morphology. The absorption maximum coincides closely with the inferior conjunction of the WC star and provides evidence of the ion-reflection mechanism that underlies the formation of collisionless shocks governed by magnetic fields probably generated by the Weibel instability. Comparisons with K-band emission and HeI{lambda}10830 absorption show that both are correlated after periastron with the asymmetric X-ray absorption. Dust appears within a few days of periastron, suggesting formation within shocked gas near the stagnation point. The X-ray flares seen in {eta} Car have not occurred in WR 140, suggesting the absence of large-scale wind inhomogeneities. Relatively constant soft emission revealed during the X-ray minimum is probably not from recombining plasma entrained in outflowing shocked gas.2021ApJ...923..191Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/923/191CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/sb9 : SB9: 9th Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (Pourbaix+ 2004-2014)B/xmm : XMM-Newton Observation Log (XMM-Newton Science Operation Center, 2012)B/chandra : The Chandra Archive Log (CXC, 1999-2014)J/PAZh/37/34 : JHKLM light curves of WR 140 (Taranova+, 2011)J/AJ/141/129 : Chandra Transmission Grating Data (Huenemoerder+, 2011)J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)J/ApJ/838/45 : eta Carinae obs. around 2014 X-ray minimum (Corcoran+, 2017)J/MNRAS/465/2432 : MiMeS magnetic analysis of O-type stars (Grunhut+, 2017)J/AJ/156/144 : The very high-eccentricity binary HR7345 (Farrington+, 2018)J/A+A/625/A122 : CIELO-RGS, soft X-ray ionized emission lines (Mao+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/191https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/191http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/923/191https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/191https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/191http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/923/191GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/923/191/tableb1Log of RXTE / Proportional Counter Array (PCA) observations and fluxesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintobsID[2000120902/2011122315] RXTE observation identifiermeta.id;obs.param;obslongMJD[51887.1/55918.7] Modified Julian Date at mid-point (JD-2400000.5)dtime.epochdoublePhase[1.97/3.37] Orbital Phasetime.phasefloatExp[16/2192] Exposure Timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatRate[0.79/7.11] Net Count Ratect/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_Rate[0.08/1.2] Error in Net Count Ratect/sstat.errorfloatBkg[10.65/15.74] Background Count Ratect/sphot.count;em.X-ray;instr.backgroundfloatFlux[0.2/6.1] Flux 2-10keV1e-11mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.mediumfloate_Flux[0.1/2.3] Uncertainty in Flux 2-10keV1e-11mW.m**-2stat.error;phot.fluxfloatJ/ApJ/923/191/tableb2Log of SWIFT/XRT observations and fluxesModeSWIFT modeinstr.setupcharobsID[10120001/91396015] SWIFT observation identifiermeta.id;obs.param;obsintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[54689.2/58587.5] Modified Julian Date at mid-point (JD-2400000.5)dtime.epochdoublePhase[2.94/4.3] Orbital Phasetime.phasefloatExp[79/19760] Exposure Timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatRate[0.029/2.427] Net Count Ratect/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_Rate[0.003/0.2] Error in Net Count Ratect/sstat.errorfloatBkg[0/0.32] Background Count Ratect/sphot.count;em.X-ray;instr.backgroundfloatFlux[0.15/6.93] Flux 2-10keV1e-11mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.mediumfloate_Flux[0.02/1.2] Uncertainty in Flux 2-10keV1e-11mW.m**-2stat.error;phot.fluxfloatJ/ApJ/923/191/tableb3Log of NICER / X-ray Timing Instrument (XTI) observations and fluxesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintobsID[1120010102/3591010701] NICER observation identifiermeta.id;obs.param;obsMJD[58073.8/59002.2] Modified Julian Date at mid-point (JD-2400000.5)dtime.epochdoublePhase[4.1/4.5] Orbital Phasetime.phasefloatExp[57.4/4501.1] Exposure Timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatRate[7.2/9.4] Net Count Ratect/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloate_Rate[0.04/0.5] Error in Net Count Ratect/sstat.errorfloatBkg[0.3/3.31] Background Count Ratect/sphot.count;em.X-ray;instr.backgroundfloatFlux[0.85/1.95] Flux 2-10keV1e-11mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-ray.mediumfloate_Flux[0.01/0.2] Uncertainty in Flux 2-10keV1e-11mW.m**-2stat.error;phot.fluxfloat