J/ApJ/921/165ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/921/165doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19210165CDSSinha T.Sharma S.Panwar N.Matsunaga N.Ogura K.Kobayashi N.,Yadav R.K.Ghosh A.Pandey R.Bisht P.S.2024-10-07T20:11:18Z2023-04-04T10:36:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsyoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrystellar-agesstellar-massesproper-motionsx-ray-sourcesWe present the results from our time-series imaging data taken with the 1.3m Devasthal fast optical telescope and 0.81m Tenagara telescope in V, Rc, and Ic bands covering an area of ~18.4x18.4 toward the star-forming region Sh 2-190. This photometric data helped us to explore the nature of the variability of pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars. We have identified 85 PMS variables, i.e., 37 Class II and 48 Class III sources. Forty-five of the PMS variables show periodicity in their light curves. We show that the stars with thicker disks and envelopes rotate slower and exhibit larger photometric variations compared to their diskless counterparts. This result suggests that rotation of the PMS stars is regulated by the presence of circumstellar disks. We also found that the periods of the stars show a decreasing trend with increasing mass in the range of ~0.5-2.5M_{sun}_. Our result indicates that most of the variability in Class II sources is ascribed to the presence of a thick disk, while the presence of cool spots on the stellar surface causes the brightness variation in Class III sources. X-ray activities in the PMS stars were found to be at the saturation level reported for the main-sequence stars. The younger counterparts of the PMS variables show less X-ray activity, hinting at a less significant role of a stellar disk in X-ray generation.2021ApJ...921..165Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/921/165CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/293 : GLIMPSE Source Catalog (I + II + 3D) (IPAC 2008)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)J/A+AS/133/387 : NGC 1817 and NGC 1807 proper motions (Balaguer-Nunnez+ 1998)J/AJ/116/1816 : JHKLMNOPQ photometry in Orion cluster (Hillenbrand+, 1998)J/A+A/396/513 : Stellar Rotation in the Orion Nebula Cluster (Herbst+, 2002)J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)J/A+A/417/557 : Rotation & variability of PMS Stars in NGC 2264 (Lamm, 2004)J/AJ/127/2228 : VRI photometry of PMS stars in NGC 2264 OB (Makidon+, 2004)J/A+A/430/1005 : VRIH{alpha} photometry of NGC 2264 variables (Lamm+, 2005)J/MNRAS/358/341 : Ic photometry of IC 348 (Littlefair+, 2005)J/ApJ/646/297 : Spitzer obs. of pre-main-sequence stars (Rebull+, 2006)J/A+A/463/1017 : B and V light curves of AA Tau (Bouvier+, 2007)J/A+A/479/827 : UBVR LCs of weak-line T Tauri stars (Grankin+, 2008)J/MNRAS/396/964 : T Tauri in and around bright-rimmed clouds (Chauhan+, 2009)J/A+A/502/883 : I phot. of low mass ONC stars (Rodriguez-Ledesma+, 2009)J/other/A+ARV/17.251 : Stars observed with Doppler imaging (Strassmeier, 2009)J/ApJS/191/389 : Photometric monitoring in {sigma} Ori cluster (Cody+, 2010)J/MNRAS/403/545 : Young stars in Cepheus OB3b (Littlefair+, 2010)J/A+A/515/A13 : Very low mass objects in ONC (Rodriguez-Ledesma+, 2010)J/A+A/539/A64 : X-ray data for IC 348 young stars (Alexander+, 2012)J/ApJ/747/51 : Lagoon Nebula stars. I. Rotation periods (Henderson+, 2012)J/ApJ/755/20 : YSOs population of Sh2-294 with Spitzer/IRAC (Samal+, 2012)J/MNRAS/430/1433 : NGC 2264 members periods with CoRoT (Affer+, 2013)J/A+A/557/A77 : VR light curves of AA Tau in 2007-2013 (Bouvier+, 2013)J/MNRAS/432/3445 : YSOs on HII complex Sh2-252 (Jose+, 2013)J/A+A/554/A3 : Vilnius photometry of IC1805 stars (Straizys+, 2013)J/AJ/147/82 : Monitoring of disk-bearing stars in NGC 2264 (Cody+, 2014)J/MNRAS/443/1614 : YSOs in BRC 5, 7 and 39 (Panwar+, 2014)J/ApJS/211/3 : NIR photometry variability in {rho} Oph (Parks+, 2014)J/ApJS/213/1 : The MSFRs Omnibus X-ray Catalog (MOXC) (Townsley+, 2014)J/MNRAS/462/2396 : Time-series photometry of IC 348 (Fritzewski+, 2016)J/MNRAS/468/2684 : IC1805 YSOs (Panwar+, 2017)J/A+A/603/A106 : Rotational periods in Cygnus OB2 (Roquette+, 2017)J/MNRAS/467/2943 : NGC 7538 region YSOs (Sharma+, 2017)J/ApJS/230/3 : Optical & Spitzer photometry in IC 1805 (Sung+, 2017)J/A+A/599/A23 : Accretion-rotation connection in NGC 2264 (Venuti+, 2017)J/A+A/619/A41 : Photometric variability of massive YSOs (Teixeira+, 2018)J/A+A/627/A135 : VRI photometry of IC5070 variable stars (Bhardwaj+, 2019)J/MNRAS/482/658 : NGC 1893 young open cluster rich in var. stars (Xue+, 2019)J/ApJ/896/29 : Deep UBVRI photometry of NGC6910 members (Kaur+, 2020)J/ApJ/891/81 : Deep optical and IR photometry of Sh2-305 (Pandey+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/921/165https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/921/165http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/921/165https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/921/165https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/921/165http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/921/165GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/921/165/table2 (Sh 2-190 members catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/165/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/165/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/165/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true38.3001819461.354941940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/921/165/table3 (PMS variables and their physical parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/165/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/165/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/165/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true38.4228969461.417151940.0055555555555555566/33071.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/921/165?format=asciiX-rayOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/921/165/table2Sh 2-190 members catalogrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[37.85/38.5] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainS17Display data from Sung+ 2017, J/ApJS/230/3 within 0.5"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharDEJ2000[61.3/61.61] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainImag[12.39/19.33]? I-band magnitude, from Sung+ (2017, J/ApJS/230/3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Imag[0/0.061]? Uncertainty in Imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableRmag[12.79/21]? R-band magnitude, from Sung+ (2017, J/ApJS/230/3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_Rmag[0/0.035]? Uncertainty in Rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableVmag[13.2/22.8]? V-band magnitude from Sung+ (2017, J/ApJS/230/3)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableIDMember ID, M### sequential identifier (numbers from 1 to 308)meta.id;meta.mainchare_Vmag[0/0.1]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablepmRA[-4.8/7.7] Proper Motion, Right Ascension, Gaia DR2mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.02/2] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-4.8/3.5] Proper Motion, Declination, Gaia DR2mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.03/2.6] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatPlx[-3.5/2] Parallax, Gaia DR2maspos.parallaxfloate_Plx[0.02/2.08] Uncertainty in Plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatProb[80/100] Membership probability%statintGmag[7.87/20.9] Gaia DR2 G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBP-RP[0.67/2.74]? Gaia DR2 BP-RP color indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatnullableGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR2, I/345 within 0.5"meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/921/165/table3PMS variables and their physical parametersSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDVariable ID, V### sequential identifier (numbers among 1 to 134)meta.id;meta.maincharf_ID[* ] ** = not explained in the papermeta.codecharRAJ2000[37.9/38.5] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[61.3/61.6] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[15.8/22.5]? V-band magnitude from Sung+ (2017, J/ApJS/230/3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag[0.002/0.4]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableRmag[14.8/20.9]? R-band magnitude from Sung+ (2017, J/ApJS/230/3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_Rmag[0/0.09]? Uncertainty in Rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableImag[13.97/19.35]? I-band magnitude from Sung+ (2017, J/ApJS/230/3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Imag[0.001/0.2]? Uncertainty in Imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablePer[0.48/24.6]? Perioddtime.periodfloatnullablee_Per[0.001/1.1]? Uncertainty in Perdstat.errorfloatnullableAmp[0.1/2.2] Amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloate_Amp[0/0.08] Uncertainty in Ampmagstat.errorfloatd(Ic-Ks)[-1.14/2.1]? Color excess in I_c_-K_s_magphot.color.excess;em.opt.I;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_d(Ic-Ks)[0.02/0.2]? Uncertainty in d(Ic-Ks)magstat.errorfloatnullable3.6-4.5[0.01/0.9]? Spitzer IRAC 3.6um-4.5um color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_3.6-4.5[0.014]? Uncertainty in 3.6-4.5magstat.errorfloatnullableAge1[0.1/10] Age from CMDMyrtime.agefloate_Age1[0/2.2] Uncertainty in AgeMyrstat.errorfloatMstar1[0.3/3] Mass from CMDsolMassphys.massfloate_Mstar1[0/0.2] Uncertainty in Mstar1solMassstat.errorfloatNsed[7/14]? Number of data points in SED fitmeta.numberintnullablechi2[1/98]? {chi}^2^ of SED fitstat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatnullableAge2[0.1/6.4]? Age from SED fittingMyrtime.agefloatnullablee_Age2[0.1/3.2]? Uncertainty in Age2Myrstat.errorfloatnullableMstar2[0.9/6]? Mass from SED fittingsolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mstar2[0.2/2]? Uncertainty in Mstar2solMassstat.errorfloatnullableMdisk[6.3e-6/0.08]? Disk masssolMassphys.massfloatnullablee_Mdisk[1e-5/0.1]? Uncertainty in MdisksolMassstat.errorfloatnullableMacc[3e-12/2.6e-6]? Disk mask accretion ratesolMass/yrphys.mass.lossfloatnullablee_Macc[4.9e-12/4.3e-6]? Uncertainty in MaccsolMass/yrstat.errorfloatnullablelogLx[-4.2/-1.4] log of X-ray luminosity (1)log(solLum)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatClassClassification (2)src.classcharS17Display data from Sung+ 2017, J/ApJS/230/3 within 0.5"meta.ref.urlcharT14Display data from Townsley+ 2014, J/ApJS/213/1 within 3"meta.ref.urlchar