J/ApJ/921/117ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/921/117doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19210117CDSTorres G.Latham D.W.Quinn S.N.2023-05-16T14:34:45Z2023-03-29T09:22:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersvisible-astronomyspectroscopyspectroscopic-binary-starsradial-velocityeffective-temperatureWe present the results of a spectroscopic monitoring program of the Pleiades region aimed at completing the census of spectroscopic binaries in the cluster, extending it to longer periods than previously reachable. We gathered 6104 spectra of 377 stars between 1981 and 2021, and merged our radial velocities with 1151 measurements from an independent survey by others started three years earlier. With the combined data spanning more than 43yr, we have determined orbits for some 30 new binary and multiple systems, more than doubling the number previously known in the Pleiades. The longest period is 36.5yr. A dozen additional objects display long-term trends in their velocities, implying even longer periods. We examine the collection of orbital elements for cluster members, and find that the shape of the incompleteness-corrected distribution of periods (up to 104 days) is similar to that of solar-type binaries in the field, while that of the eccentricities is different. The mass-ratio distribution is consistent with being flat. The binary frequency in the Pleiades for periods up to 104 days is 25%+/-3% after corrections for undetected binaries, which is nearly double that of the field up to the same period. The total binary frequency including known astrometric binaries is at least 57%. We estimate the internal radial velocity dispersion in the cluster to be 0.48+/-0.04km/s. We revisit the determination of the tidal circularization period, and confirm its value to be 7.2+/-1.0d, with an improved precision compared to an earlier estimate.2021ApJ...921..117Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/921/117CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/wds : The Washington Visual Double Star Catalog (Mason+ 2001-2020)II/131 : Tonantzintla Pleiades Flare Stars (Haro+ 1982)I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)III/279 : RAVE 5th data release (Kunder+, 2017)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)J/AJ/106/637 : ICCD speckle observations. IX (Mason+, 1993)J/ApJS/85/315 : F, G and K dwarf stars of the Pleiades (Soderblom+ 1993)J/A+A/299/696 : Pleiades field Membership prob. (Schilbach+, 1995)J/A+A/323/139 : K magnitude of Pleiades low-mass binaries (Bouvier+ 1997)J/A+A/320/74 : Radial velocities of Pleiades members (Mermilliod+ 1997)J/A+A/332/575 : Pleiades member list (Belikov+ 1998)J/A+A/335/183 : Pleiades low-mass stars rot. velocities (Queloz+ 1998)J/A+A/329/101 : Masses of Pleiades members (Raboud+ 1998)J/AJ/124/1144 : Orbits of 171 single-lined sp. binaries (Latham, 2002)J/A+A/463/579 : Geneva photometry of HD 23642 (Groenewegen+, 2007)J/ApJS/172/663 : Infrared observations of the Pleiades (Stauffer+, 2007)J/AJ/133/2524 : Spectra of young nearby stars (White+, 2007)J/A+A/485/95 : Velocities of F-G-K stars in Blanco 1 (Mermilliod+, 2008)J/AJ/138/159 : NGC 6819 stellar radial-velocity & phot. (Hole+, 2009)J/AJ/137/3358 : Speckle interferometry of massive stars (Mason+, 2009)J/A+A/498/949 : Vel. of F-K dwarfs in open clusters (Mermilliod+, 2009)J/ApJS/190/1 : A survey of stellar families (Raghavan+, 2010)J/other/A+ARV/18.67 : Accurate masses and radii of normal stars (Torres+, 2010)J/other/Nat/486.375 : Stellar parameters of KOI stars (Buchhave+, 2012)J/A+A/546/A69 : Orbits of visual bin. & dynamical masses (Malkov+, 2012)J/AJ/148/30 : BVI photometry of 350 Pleiades stars (Kamai+, 2014)J/AJ/148/38 : WIYN open cluster study. LX. NGC 6819 (Milliman+, 2014)J/A+A/577/A148 : The Seven Sisters DANCe. I. Pleiades (Bouy+, 2015)J/AJ/150/97 : Radial velocities in M67. I. Members (Geller+, 2015)J/AJ/150/10 : WOCS. LXVI. Radial velocity survey in M35 (Leiner+, 2015)J/PASJ/68/92 : NIR obs. of Pleiades stars in SEEDS (Konishi+, 2016)J/A+A/585/A150 : On the metallicity of open clusters. III. (Netopil+, 2016)J/AJ/152/114 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. II. (Rebull+, 2016)J/AJ/152/113 : Pleiades members with K2 LCs. I. Periods (Rebull+, 2016)J/A+A/601/A19 : Gaia DR1 open cluster members (Gaia Collaboration+, 2017)J/A+A/598/A48 : Parallaxes for 1146 Pleiades stars (Galli+, 2017)J/A+A/607/A124 : K-G-F dwarfs stellar granulation var. (Meunier+, 2017)J/MNRAS/470/3937 : Open clusters multimembership catalog (Sampedro+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A10 : Open clusters GaiaDR2 HR diag. (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/155/51 : Robo-AO bin. stars in 3 open clusters (Hillenbrand+, 2018)J/AJ/155/39 : Variability of TIC sources with KELT (Oelkers+, 2018)J/A+A/617/A15 : Membership prob. of Pleiades objects (Olivares+, 2018)J/AJ/157/196 : Close companions around young stars (Kounkel+, 2019)J/AJ/160/169 : WOCS. LXXXII. Orbits & RVs in NGC 7789 (Nine+, 2020)J/ApJ/901/91 : Sp. obs. of rapidly rot. stars in Pleiades (Torres, 2020)J/AJ/161/190 : RVels of binary population in M67 (Geller+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/921/117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/921/117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/921/117https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/921/117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/921/117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/921/117GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/921/117/stars (List of objects in the Pleiades region observed spectroscopically at the CfA (Table 1), Radial velocity statistics (Table 4) and Effective temperatures and projected rotational velocities (Table 5))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/117/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/117/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/921/117/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.8853725.899950.0055555555555555565/113-116 118 121 124 126 6/319 361 365-367 382 413 437 439 448-449 451 476 478 480-481 483 488 491-494 500-501 508 833 1163 11861.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/921/117?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/921/117/starsList of objects in the Pleiades region observed spectroscopically at the CfA (Table 1), Radial velocity statistics (Table 4) and Effective temperatures and projected rotational velocities (Table 5)vsini2[0/35]? Secondary projected rotational velocity (5)km/sphys.veloc.rotatintnullablef_vsini2[*] *: vsini2 adopted based on external informationmeta.codechare_vsini2[2/4]? Uncertainty in vsini2km/sstat.errorintnullableCDisplay the companions data (link to Table 14)meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/377] Running sequence numbermeta.idintprimaryNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRS[51.8/61] Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRS[19/28.3] Declination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGaiaGaia EDR3 catalog identifiermeta.id.crossGmag[3.7/15.02] Gaia EDR3 catalog G band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatplx[0.1/24.1]? Gaia EDR3 catalog parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx[0.013/0.6]? Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullablepmRA[-6.4/152]? Gaia EDR3 catalog proper motion in RA*cos(DE)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublenullablee_pmRA[0.015/0.8]? Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablepmDE[-61/-1]? Gaia EDR3 catalog proper motion in DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE[0.01/0.5]? Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullableMmMember code(s) (1)meta.code.membercharf_Seq[*] *=a note of interest is given (see notes.dat file)meta.codecharSpan[0/15487] CfA observation time spandtime.intervalintNDS[0/78] Number of Digital Speedometers RVel measurementsmeta.numberintNTRES[0/65] Number of TRES RVel measurementsmeta.numberintNCOR[0/37] Number of CORAVEL RVel measurementsmeta.numberintNrv1Number of RVel measurements for single-lined objects (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullableNrv2Number of RVel measurements for double-lined objects (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableRVel[-61/81] Weighted mean radial velocity (2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[0.1/13] Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatPchi2[0/1]? {chi}^2^ probability of velocity variabilityphys.velocdoublenullablee/i[0.009/109]? The e/i metricstat.fit.paramfloatnullableFlagFlag code (3)meta.code.errorcharf_NameFlag on name (4)meta.codecharTeff1[3500/12250]? Primary effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablef_Teff1[*] *: Teff1 adopted based on external informationmeta.codechare_Teff1[100/500]? Uncertainty in Teff1Kstat.errorintnullablevsini1[0/317]? Primary projected rotational velocity (5)km/sphys.veloc.rotatintnullablef_vsini1[*] *: vsini1 adopted based on external informationmeta.codechare_vsini1[1/25]? Uncertainty in vsini1km/sstat.errorintnullableTeff2[3400/7700]? Secondary effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablef_Teff2[*] *: Teff2 adopted based on external informationmeta.codechare_Teff2[100/600]? Uncertainty in Teff2Kstat.errorintnullableJ/ApJ/921/117/table2CfA radial velocity measurements for single-lined objectsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[2/377] Internal index numbermeta.idintNameSource name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharHJD[44957.5/59299.7] Heliocentric Julian Date HJD-2400000dtime.epochdoubleRVel[-65/81] Heliocentric radial velocity (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel[0.06/22] Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatS/N[1/496] Signal-to-Noise ratio per resolution elementstat.snr;pos.angResolutionintInst[1/2] Instrument code (G2)meta.code;instrintJ/ApJ/921/117/table3CfA radial velocity measurements for double-lined objectsSeq[1/366] Internal index numbermeta.idintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJD[44958.6/59298.7] Heliocentric Julian Date HJD-2400000dtime.epochdoubleRVel1[-94/107]? Primary Heliocentric radial velocity (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RVel1[0.06/4]? Uncertainty in RVel1km/sstat.errorfloatnullableRVel2[-140/151]? Secondary Heliocentric radial velocity (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RVel2[0.14/19]? Uncertainty in RVel2km/sstat.errorfloatnullableS/N[7/248] Signal-to-Noise ratio per resolution elementstat.snr;pos.angResolutionintInst[1/2] Instrument code (G2)meta.code;instrintJ/ApJ/921/117/table9Radial velocity measurements for the triple-lined system HII 1338recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJD[51920.6/54485.7] Heliocentric Julian Date HJD-2400000dtime.epochdoubleRVel1[-57/65] Primary Heliocentric radial velocity (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel1[1/4] Uncertainty in RVel1km/sstat.errorfloatRVel2[-63/68] Secondary Heliocentric radial velocity (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel2[1.4/4] Uncertainty in RVel2km/sstat.errorfloatRVel3[-9/25] Tertiary Heliocentric radial velocity (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVel3[6/18] Uncertainty in RVel3km/sstat.errorfloatS/N[16/46] Signal-to-Noise ratio per resolution elementstat.snr;pos.angResolutionintInst[1] Instrument code (G2)meta.code;instrintJ/ApJ/921/117/table10Radial velocity measurements for the double-lined triple system HII 2027recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJD[45302.8/59231.7] Heliocentric Julian Date HJD-2400000dtime.epochdoubleRVelA[-0.8/10.1] Primary Heliocentric radial velocity (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVelA[0.3/1.4] Uncertainty in RVelAkm/sstat.errorfloatRVelBa[-10/31] Ba component Heliocentric radial velocity (G1)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_RVelBa[0.25/2] Uncertainty in RVelBakm/sstat.errorfloatS/N[9/42] Signal-to-Noise ratio per resolution elementstat.snr;pos.angResolutionintInst[1/2] Instrument code (G2)meta.code;instrintJ/ApJ/921/117/table14Astrometric companions to our target starsNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharSeq[7/369] Internal index numbermeta.idintFilt1Filter used in dmag1meta.code;instr.filtercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintWDSWashington Double Star catalog identifiermeta.idcharDiscWDS Discoverer code and component designationmeta.codecharSep[0.002/17.5] Most recent angular separationarcsecpos.angDistancefloatdmag1[0/9.8]? Magnitude difference in Filt1magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableu_dmag1[:] Uncertainty flag on dmag1meta.code.errorchardmag2[0.06/7.3]? Magnitude difference in Filt2magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableFilt2Filter used in dmag2meta.code;instr.filtercharf_Seq[*] *=note of interest is given (see notes.dat file)meta.codecharJ/ApJ/921/117/notesNotes on individual objects (Appendix A)Seq[1/375] Internal index numbermeta.idintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamesSource name(s)meta.id;meta.maincharNoteNotemeta.note