J/ApJ/919/51ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/919/51doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19190051CDSMonson E.B.Lehmer B.D.Doore K.Eufrasio R.T.Bonine B.,Alexander D.M.Harrison C.M.Kubo M.Mantha K.B.Saez C.Straughn A.,Umehata H.2023-05-26T08:47:03Z2023-02-28T13:27:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersredshiftedhst-photometryactive-galactic-nucleiinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrygalaxy-classification-systemsWe examine possible environmental sources of the enhanced star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity in the z=3.09 SSA22 protocluster using Hubble WFC3 F160W (~1.6{mu}m) observations of the SSA22 field, including new observations centered on eight X-ray selected protocluster AGN. To investigate the role of mergers in the observed AGN and star formation enhancement, we apply both quantitative (Sersic-fit and Gini-M20) and visual morphological classifications to F160W images of protocluster Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) in the fields of the X-ray AGN and z~3 field LBGs in SSA22 and GOODS-N. We find no statistically significant differences between the morphologies and merger fractions of protocluster and field LBGs, though we are limited by small number statistics in the protocluster. We also fit the UV-to-near-IR spectral energy distributions of F160W-detected protocluster and field LBGs to characterize their stellar masses and star formation histories. We find that the mean protocluster LBG is a factor of ~2 times more massive and more attenuated than the mean z~3 field LBG. We take our results to suggest that ongoing mergers are not more common among protocluster LBGs than field LBGs, though protocluster LBGs appear to be more massive. We speculate that the larger mass of the protocluster LBGs contributes to the enhancement of SMBH mass and accretion rate in the protocluster, which in turn drives the observed protocluster AGN enhancement.2021ApJ...919...51Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/919/51CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)J/ApJ/588/218 : i*g* photometry of SDSS EDR galaxies (Abraham+, 2003)J/AJ/126/1183 : Major galaxy mergers at z<~3 (Conselice+, 2003)J/ApJ/592/728 : Lyman break galaxies at redshift z~3 (Steidel+, 2003)J/AJ/128/163 : Galaxy morphological classification (Lotz+, 2004)J/ApJS/172/615 : GALFIT result for GEMS galaxies (Haussler+, 2007)J/MNRAS/400/299 : Chandra deep protocluster survey (Lehmer+, 2009)J/ApJ/730/125 : HST/NICMOS obs. of bright IR galaxies (Zamojski+, 2011)J/ApJS/203/24 : Structural param. of CANDELS galaxies (van der Wel+, 2012)J/A+A/559/A14 : VIMOS VLT Deep Survey final data release (Le Fevre+, 2013)J/ApJ/765/87 : Chandra obs. of the 2QZ Cluster 1004+00 (Lehmer+, 2013)J/MNRAS/435/623 : Multiwavelength measurement of galaxy structure (Vika, 2013)J/MNRAS/440/3462 : AzTEC/ASTE 1.1mm survey of SSA22 (Umehata+, 2014)J/MNRAS/450/2615 : Spectroscopy of galaxies in the SSA22 field (Saez+, 2015)J/MNRAS/460/3861 : Herschel protocluster survey (Kato+, 2016)J/ApJ/826/114 : z~3-6 protoclusters in CFHTLS deep fields (Toshikawa+, 2016)J/MNRAS/465/316 : Lyman cont. LAEs and LBGs in SSA22 field (Micheva+, 2017)J/MNRAS/480/1022 : Black-hole growth and cosmic environment (Yang+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/919/51https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/919/51http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/919/51https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/919/51https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/919/51http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/919/51GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/919/51/table2 (*Catalog showing the GALFITM-extracted morphological parameters (see Section 3.1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/51/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/51/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/51/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true334.296780.289680.0055555555555555566/19033 190362.0616683193919197e-20 5.500300350312679e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/919/51?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/919/51/table2*Catalog showing the GALFITM-extracted morphological parameters (see Section 3.1)F160Wmag[16.8/29.8]? Integrated Sersic model F160W AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F160Wmag[0/1.6]? Uncertainty in F160Wmagmagstat.errorfloatnullableRe[0.02/24.2]? Sersic model effective radiusarcsecphys.angSize;meta.modelledfloatnullablee_Re[0/18]? Uncertainty in Rearcsecstat.errorfloatnullablen[0.2/9.7]? Sersic model indexstat.fit.paramfloatnullablee_n[0/8.9]? Uncertainty in nstat.errorfloatnullableq[0.1/1]? Sersic model axis ratio; b/aphys.size.axisRatiofloatnullablee_q[0/11]? Uncertainty in qstat.errorfloatnullablePA[-90/90]? Sersic model position angle (east of north)degpos.posAng;meta.modelledfloatnullablee_PA[0/879023]? Uncertainty in PosAngdegstat.errordoublenullablez[0/10]? Literature spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullabler_z[0/9] Reference flag for z (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintzS03abs[0/3.3]? S03 absorption-line redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablezS03em[0/3.4]? S03 emission-line redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablezM17[3/3.8]? Micheva+ 2017, J/MNRAS/465/316 (M17) spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablezS15[0.2/3.4]? Spectroscopic redshift from Saez+ 2015, J/MNRAS/450/2615 (S15)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablezY12[3/3.2]? Yamada+ 2012AJ....143...79Y (Y12) spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablezVVDS[0/10]? VVDS (Le Fevre+ 2013, J/A+A/559/A14) spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablezK15[3/3.5]? Kubo+ 2015ApJ...799...38K (K15) spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableumag[15.8/33.7]? MegaCam/CFHT u*-band aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_umag[0/7]? Uncertainty in umagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableBmag[17.4/33]? Subaru/Suprime-Cam B-band aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmag[0/6]? Uncertainty in Bmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableVmag[17.5/31.5]? Subaru/Suprime-Cam V-band aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag[0/4]? Uncertainty in Vmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableRmag[18.2/30]? Subaru/Suprime-Cam R-band aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_Rmag[0/3]? Uncertainty in Rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableimag[17.6/29]? Subaru/Suprime-Cam i'-band aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0/2]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablezmag[16.7/35]? Subaru/Suprime-Cam z'-band aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0/9]? Uncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[16.6/29.6]? Subaru/MOIRCS J-band aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.001/5.1]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableF160WmagK[14.8/35.2]? F160W-band aperture AB magnitude using Kubo+ 2013ApJ...778..170K proceduresmagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_F160WmagK[0/597]? Uncertainty in F160WmagKmagstat.errorfloatnullableKmag[16.8/28]? Subaru/MOIRCS K-band aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableI1mag[13.9/28.1]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_I1mag[0.002/4]? Uncertainty in I1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableI2mag[14.2/29.1]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_I2mag[0.002/5.1]? Uncertainty in I2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableI3mag[14.5/30.4]? Spitzer/IRAC 5.8um aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_I3mag[0.003/8]? Uncertainty in I3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableI4mag[15.3/29.2]? Spitzer/IRAC 8.0um aperture AB magnitude (3)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_I4mag[0.004/8]? Uncertainty in I4magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablelogLx[40.8/44.8]? Lehmer+ 2009, J/MNRAS/400/299 (L09) log10 2-8keV luminositylog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatnullableCatzDisplay data from Micheva+ 2017, J/MNRAS/465/316 ; Saez+ 2015, J/MNRAS/450/2615 and VVDS (Le Fevre+ 2013, J/A+A/559/A14) within 1.5"meta.ref.urlintnullableXAGN[1/8]? Alexander+ 2016MNRAS.461.2944A X-ray AGN numbermeta.id.crossintnullableMm[0/1] Source has 3.06<=z<=3.12 flag (1=protocluster galaxies; 72 occurrences)meta.code.memberintField[0/1] Source has 2.9<=z<=3.3 but outside protocluster z range (8)meta.code.memberintSED[0/1] Fit the SED of the source (8)meta.codeintScA[0/5] Voter A's confidence score (10)meta.code.qualintMorphBVoter B visual morphology (9)meta.code.classcharScB[0/5] Voter B's confidence score (10)meta.code.qualintMorphCVoter C visual morphology (9)meta.code.classcharScC[0/5] Voter C's confidence score (10)meta.code.qualintMorphDVoter D visual morphology (9)meta.code.classcharScD[0/5] Voter D's confidence score (10)meta.code.qualintMorphEVoter E visual morphology (9)meta.code.classcharScE[0/5] Voter E's confidence score (10)meta.code.qualintMorphFVoter F visual morphology (9)meta.code.classcharScF[0/5] Voter F's confidence score (10)meta.code.qualintMorphGVoter G visual morphology (9)meta.code.classcharScG[0/5] Voter G's confidence score (10)meta.code.qualintClass[0/3]? Final classification (11)meta.code.classintnullableConfConfidence-weighted visual morphologymeta.code.classcharIDIdentifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharMorphAVoter A visual morphology (9)meta.code.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFit[0/1] Fit flag (1=unacceptable GALFITM Sersic fit) (1)meta.codeinte_Kmag[0.001/3.3]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableLAB[2/14]?=0 Matsuda+ 2004AJ....128..569M LAB number (<[MYH2004] LAB NN> in Simbad)meta.id.crossintnullableGALAPInternal GALAPAGOS identifiermeta.idcharSAS-LBGSteidel+ 2003, J/ApJ/592/728 (S03) IDmeta.id.crosscharRAJ2000[334.18/334.52] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[0.16/0.4] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSN[5/3856] F160W signal to noise ratio in a 1" aperturestat.snr;em.IR.HfloatNB497mag[22/25.4]? Yamada+ 2012AJ....143...79Y narrowband 4972A filter AB magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableRmagM17[23.5/27]? R-band AB magnitude from Micheva+ 2017, J/MNRAS/465/316magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableRmagS03[20.8/25.5]? R-band AB magnitude from Steidel+ 2003, J/ApJ/592/728magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableConc[0.04/4.4]? F160W concentration statistic (4)meta.notefloatnullablef_Conc[0/1] Flag on Conc (5)meta.codeintGini[0/0.94]? Gini coefficient (6)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableM20[-2.3/-0.35]? M20 moment-of-light (6)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableFlag[0/1] Flag on GINI and M20 (5)meta.code.errorintDens[0.12/1.5] Local surface density of protocluster candidate LAEs (7)arcsec**-2phot.flux.density.sbfloatS03-LBG[0/1] S03 LBG match flag (8)meta.codeintS03-QSO[0/1] S03 QSO match flag (8)meta.codeintL09-Xray[0/1] L09 X-ray match flag (8)meta.codeintY12-LAE[0/1] Y12 LAE match flag (8)meta.codeintM17-LBG[0/1] M17 LBG match flag (8)meta.codeintM17-LAE[0/1] M17 LAE match flag (8)meta.codeintM17-LYC[0/1] M17 Lyman continuum (LYC) match flag (8)meta.codeint