J/ApJ/919/134ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/919/134doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19190134CDSSazonova E.Alatalo K.Rowlands K.Deustua S.E.French K.D.,Heckman T.Lanz L.Lisenfeld U.Luo Y.Medling A.Nyland K.,Otter J.A.Petric A.O.Snyder G.F.Urry C.M.2023-05-26T09:13:42Z2023-03-14T12:28:11ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxieshst-photometrygalaxy-classification-systemsredshiftedvisible-astronomyinfrared-photometryultraviolet-astronomyHow do galaxies transform from blue, star-forming spirals to red, quiescent early-type galaxies? To answer this question, we analyzed a set of 26 gas-rich, shocked post-starburst galaxies with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging in B, I, and H bands and Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) i-band imaging of similar depth but lower resolution. We found that post-starbursts in our sample have intermediate morphologies between disk- and bulge-dominated (Sersic n=1.7_-0.0_^+0.3^) and have red bulges, likely due to dust obscuration in the cores. A majority of galaxies in our sample are more morphologically disturbed than regular galaxies (88%, corresponding to >3{sigma} significance) when observed with HST, with asymmetry and Sersic residual flux fraction being the most successful measures of disturbance. Most disturbances are undetected at the lower resolution of SDSS imaging. Although ~27% galaxies are clear merger remnants, we found that disturbances in another ~30% of the sample are internal, caused by small-scale perturbations or dust substructures rather than tidal features, and require high-resolution imaging to detect. We found 2.8{sigma} evidence that asymmetry features fade on timescales ~200Myr, and may vanish entirely after ~750Myr, so we do not rule out a possible merger origin of all post-starbursts given that asymmetric features may have already faded. This work highlights the importance of small-scale disturbances, detected only in high-resolution imaging, in understanding structural evolution of transitioning galaxies.2021ApJ...919..134Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/919/134CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)II/342 : Hubble Source Catalog (V1 and V2) (Whitmore+, 2016)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)II/342 : Hubble Source Catalog (V1 and V2) (Whitmore+, 2016)II/335 : Revised catalog of GALEX UV sources (GUVcat_AIS GR6+7) (Bianchi+ 2017)J/ApJS/107/1 : Morphologies of distant galaxies II (Abraham+ 1996)J/ApJS/147/1 : Classification of nearby galaxies (Conselice+, 2003)J/AJ/128/163 : Galaxy morphological classification (Lotz+, 2004)J/AJ/132/321 : Morphology of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (Deo+, 2006)J/MNRAS/405/783 : Passive red spirals in Galaxy Zoo (Masters+, 2010)J/MNRAS/411/2439 : Coma Treasury Survey. Structural parameters (Hoyos+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/940 : ATLAS3D project. IV. (Young+, 2011)J/ApJS/206/10 : CANDELS multiwavelength catalog (Galametz+, 2013)J/MNRAS/435/2835 : Morphological types from Galaxy Zoo 2 (Willett+, 2013)J/A+A/562/A21 : AGN feedback from CO observations (Cicone+, 2014)J/ApJS/219/8 : SFR for WISE + SDSS spectroscopic galaxies (Chang+, 2015)J/MNRAS/454/1886 : Galaxy morph. with Illustris Simulation (Snyder+, 2015)J/ApJS/224/38 : SPOGS. I. SDSS Shocked POststarburst Gal. (Alatalo+, 2016)J/MNRAS/481/5580 : Formation sequence of S0 galaxies (Fraser-McKelvie+, 2018)J/ApJ/862/2 : Post-starburst galaxy ages from SDSS (French+, 2018)J/MNRAS/477/1708 : Origins of post-starburst galaxies at z<0.05 (Pawlik+, 2018)J/MNRAS/486/4290 : AGN-driven winds through IR emission. II. (Baron+, 2019)http://www.sdss.org/ : SDSS home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/919/134https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/919/134http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/919/134https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/919/134https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/919/134http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/919/134GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/919/134/table1 (Summary of HST shocked post-starburst galaxies (HST-SPOGs) properties and imaging data used in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/134/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/134/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/134/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.8258750.8122220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/919/134/table6 (Morphological measurements for HST-SPOGs, star-forming and quiescent galaxies calculated in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/134/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/134/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/919/134/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.8260.8120.0055555555555555566/4107 4161 4167 4288 4442 4497 4699 4714 4719 4759 4844 5067 5085 5394 5668 5797-5798 5877 5896 6074 8247 8520 9147 9319 9878 10019 10146 10182 10189 10191 10379 10512-10513 10682 11159 11425 18083 18096 18403 18778 18787 19109 19457 25982 26090 26167 27115 27238 27256 27258-27259 27441 27537 28141 28259 28344 28393 28535https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/919/134?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/919/134/table1Summary of HST shocked post-starburst galaxies (HST-SPOGs) properties and imaging data used in this workSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainfgas[0.03/0.45] Molecular gas fraction from Alatalo+ 2016ApJ...827..106Aphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainz[0.033/0.191] SDSS spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatlogM50[10.1/11.2] Log of stellar mass from Chang+ 2015, J/ApJS/219/8log(solMass)phys.massfloatF18Display data from French+ 2018, J/ApJ/862/2 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableC15Display data from Chang+ 2015, J/ApJS/219/8 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/1014] Identifier in Alatalo+ 2016, J/ApJS/224/38meta.idintLEDAmeta.ref.urlcharNameIAU name (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.mainchare_logM50[0/0.2] Lower uncertainty on logM50log(solMass)stat.errorfloatE_logM50[0/0.2] Upper uncertainty on logM50log(solMass)stat.error;stat.maxfloatNUV-r[2.25/5.1]? NUV-r color where the galaxy is detected with GALEXmagphot.color;em.UV;em.optfloatnullabletau[-94/692] PSB age from French+ 2018, J/ApJ/862/2Myrtime.ageinte_tau[5/270] Lower uncertainty on tauMyrstat.errorintE_tau[4/531] Upper uncertainty on tauMyrstat.error;stat.maxintF438W[22.4/24] 1{sigma} sky background AB flux of HST F438W imagingmag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.BfloatF814W[22.3/25.1] 1{sigma} sky background AB flux of HST F814W imagingmag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.IfloatF160W[23.1/23.8] 1{sigma} sky background AB flux of HST F160W imagingmag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.IR.Hfloati[22.2/24.9] 1{sigma} sky background AB flux of SDSS i-band imagingmag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.IfloatJ/ApJ/919/134/table6Morphological measurements for HST-SPOGs, star-forming and quiescent galaxies calculated in this workRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-1.8/60] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainlogM[10/11.2] Log stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatBtoL[0/1] Bulge-to-total light ratiophys.composition.massLightRatiofloatRPet[0.38/12.9] Petrosian radiuskpcphys.size.radiusfloatSetSample identifier (1)meta.id;src.samplecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTWDisplay the HST-SPOG properties (link to Table 1)meta.ref.urlcharNameIAU name (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryz[0.028/0.2] Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatSurveySurvey origin (2)meta.refcharFiltFilter usedinstr.setup;instr.filtercharDepth[22.17/24.11] The 1{sigma} sky brightnessmag.arcsec**-2phot.flux.density.sb;obs.fieldfloatPSF[0.07/1.9] FWHM of PSF or seeingarcsecphys.angSizefloatScale[0.04/0.4] Image pixel scalearcsec/pixinstr.scale;obs.image;instr.pixelfloatsfgMass- and redshift- matched comparison star-forming galaxy (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS)meta.idcharAsy[-0.24/0.6] Asymmetrysrc.morph.paramfloatShape[0.1/2] Shape asymmetrysrc.morph.paramfloatConc[0.44/5.7] Concentrationphys.size;arith.ratiofloatGini[0.42/0.8] Gini disturbance indexsrc.morph.paramfloatM20[-3.14/-0.76] M_20_ disturbance valuesrc.morph.paramfloatGiniB[-1.31/1.52] Bulge Gini/M_20_ disturbance indexsrc.morph.paramfloatGiniM[-0.2/0.18] Merger Gini/M_20_ disturbance indexsrc.morph.paramfloatn[0.29/20] Sersic indexstat.fit.paramfloatInRff[0.007/0.7] Inner residual flux fractionstat.fit.residual;phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatRff[0.012/0.44] Residual flux fractionstat.fit.residual;phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatF18Display data from French+ 2018, J/ApJ/862/2 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableC15Display data from Chang+ 2015, J/ApJS/219/8 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharqgMass- and redshift- matched comparison quiescent galaxy (JHHMMSS+DDMMSS)meta.idcharOutRff[0.004/0.42]? Outer residual flux fraction (3)stat.fit.residual;phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar