J/ApJ/918/78ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/918/78doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19180078CDSAbe K.Bronner C.Hayato Y.Ikeda M.Imaizumi S.Kameda J.,Kanemura Y.Kataoka Y.Miki S.Miura M.Moriyama S.Nagao Y.,Nakahata M.Nakayama S.Okada T.Okamoto K.Orii A.Pronost G.,Sekiya H.Shiozawa M.Sonoda Y.Suzuki Y.Takeda A.Takemoto Y.,Takenaka A.Tanaka H.Watanabe S.Yano T.Han S.Kajita T.,Okumura K.Tashiro T.Wang R.Xia J.Megias G.D.Bravo-Berguno D.,Labarga L.Marti L.Zaldivar B.Pointon B.W.Blaszczyk F.D.M.,Kearns E.Raaf J.L.Stone J.L.Wan L.Wester T.Bian J.,Griskevich N.J.Kropp W.R.Locke S.Mine S.Smy M.B.Sobel H.W.,Takhistov V.Weatherly P.Hill J.Kim J.Y.Lim I.T.Park R.G.,Bodur B.Scholberg K.Walter C.W.Bernard L.Coffani A.Drapier O.,El Hedri S.Giampaolo A.Gonin M.Mueller T.A.Paganini P.Quilain B.,Ishizuka T.Nakamura T.Jang J.S.Learned J.G.Anthony L.H.V.,Martin D.G.R.Sztuc A.A.Uchida Y.Berardi V.Catanesi M.G.,Radicioni E.Calabria N.F.Machado L.N.De Rosa G.Collazuol G.,Iacob F.Lamoureux M.Ospina N.Ludovici L.Maekawa Y.Nishimura Y.,Cao S.Friend M.Hasegawa T.Ishida T.Jakkapu M.Kobayashi T.,Matsubara T.Nakadaira T.Nakamura K.Oyama Y.Sakashita K.,Sekiguchi T.Tsukamoto T.Kotsar Y.Nakano Y.Ozaki H.Shiozawa T.,Suzuki A.T.Takeuchi Y.Yamamoto S.Ali A.Ashida Y.Feng J.,Hirota S.Kikawa T.Mori M.Nakaya T.Wendell R.A.Yasutome K.,Fernandez P.Mccauley N.Mehta P.Pritchard A.Tsui K.M.Fukuda Y.,Itow Y.Menjo H.Niwa T.Sato K.Tsukada M.Mijakowski P.Jiang J.,Jung C.K.Vilela C.Wilking M.J.Yanagisawa C.Hagiwara K.Harada M.,Horai T.Ishino H.Ito S.Koshio Y.Kitagawa H.Ma W.Piplani N.,Sakai S.Kuno Y.Barr G.Barrow D.Cook L.Goldsack A.Samani S.,Simpson C.Wark D.Nova F.Boschi T.Di Lodovico F.Migenda J.,Molina Sedgwick S.Taani M.Zsoldos S.Yang J.Y.Jenkins S.J.,Malek M.Mcelwee J.M.Stone O.Thiesse M.D.Thompson L.F.Okazawa H.,Kim S.B.Yu I.Nishijima K.Koshiba M.Iwamoto K.Nakajima Y.,Ogawa N.Yokoyama M.Martens K.Vagins M.R.Izumiyama S.Kuze M.,Tanaka M.Yoshida T.Inomoto M.Ishitsuka M.Ito H.Matsumoto R.,Ohta K.Shinoki M.Martin J.F.Tanaka H.A.Towstego T.Akutsu R.,Hartz M.Konaka A.De Perio P.Prouse N.W.Chen S.Xu B.D.,Posiadala-Zezula M.Hadley D.Richards B.Jamieson B.Walker J.,Minamino A.Okamoto K.Pintaudi G.Sano S.Sasaki R.Ichikawa A.K.,Nakamura K.The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration2023-07-03T14:32:00Z2023-04-04T11:04:12ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgravitational-wavesneutron-starsblack-holesneutrino-astronomyThe Super-Kamiokande detector can be used to search for neutrinos in time coincidence with gravitational waves detected by the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration (LVC). Both low-energy (7-100MeV) and high-energy (0.1-105GeV) samples were analyzed in order to cover a very wide neutrino spectrum. Follow-ups of 36 (out of 39) gravitational waves reported in the GWTC-2 catalog were examined; no significant excess above the background was observed, with 10 (24) observed neutrinos compared with 4.8 (25.0) expected events in the high-energy (low- energy) samples. A statistical approach was used to compute the significance of potential coincidences. For each observation, p-values were estimated using neutrino direction and LVC sky map; the most significant event (GW190602_175927) is associated with a post-trial p-value of 7.8% (1.4{sigma}). Additionally, flux limits were computed independently for each sample and by combining the samples. The energy emitted as neutrinos by the identified gravitational wave sources was constrained, both for given flavors and for all flavors assuming equipartition between the different flavors, independently for each trigger and by combining sources of the same nature.2021ApJ...918...78Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/918/78CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/245/15 : Swift XRT follow-up of LIGO/Virgo GW triggers (Klingler+, 2019)J/ApJ/915/86 : Swift & Fermi GRBs with LIGO-Virgo run O3a data (Abbott+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/918/78https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/918/78http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/918/78https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/918/78https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/918/78http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/918/78GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/918/78/table2 (List of selected SK HE-{nu} events in time coincidence with GW triggers from O3a observation run)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/918/78/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/918/78/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/918/78/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true210.82-58.740.0055555555555555566/403 14425 17325 24614 26816 38879 39610 41694 47254 47841https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/918/78?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/918/78/table1Summary of all gravitational waves (GW) triggers from the O3a observation runS1: Selected HE-nu event (link to Table 2)meta.ref.urlintnullableNameTrigger namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryDateAlert time (UTC)time.epochcharTypeEvent typemeta.code.classcharDist[156.8/5184] Mean distanceMpcpos.distancefloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_NameFlag on name (1)meta.codecharTime[0/995] SK live time in the 1000s time windowstime.epochintFC[0/1]? Observed number of event in HE-{nu} fully contained samplemeta.numberintnullablePC[0]? Observed number of event in HE-{nu} partially contained samplemeta.numberintnullableUPMU[0/1]? Observed number of event in the UPMU sample (2)meta.numberintnullableLE[0/3]? Observed number of event in LE-{nu} samplemeta.numberintnullableDDisplay data for this trigger (link to Table 4)meta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/ApJ/918/78/table2List of selected SK HE-{nu} events in time coincidence with GW triggers from O3a observation runp[0.2/12.7] p-value (1)%stat.fit.goodnessfloatNameTrigger namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSetSample type ("FC": fully contained or "UPMU":"Upward-going muons")meta.idcharDelT[-327.7/412] Timing ({Delta}t=t_{nu}_-t_GW_)stime;arith.difffloatEreco[0.19/9.6] EnergyGeVphys.energyfloatRAJ2000[54/353] Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-59/30] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainsigma[2/92.6] {sigma}_ang_ valuedegpos.posAngfloatpSpace[1.7/100] Spatial component p_space_ (1)%stat.fit.goodnessfloatJ/ApJ/918/78/table4Data release table for the 39 triggersFbnumubnuatuFermi? LE-nu 90% upper limit on {Phi} for numubar+nutaubar assuming Fermi-Dirac spectrum (FLUENCE90_LOWE_NUXB_FERMIDIRAC)cm**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.harddoublenullableFnueFlat? LE-nu 90% upper limit on {Phi} for nue assuming flat spectrum (FLUENCE90_LOWE_NUE_FLAT)cm**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.harddoublenullableFbnueFlat? LE-nu 90% upper limit on {Phi} for nuebar assuming flat spectrum (FLUENCE90_LOWE_NUEB_FLAT)cm**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.harddoublenullableFnumunutauFlat? LE-nu 90% upper limit on {Phi} for numu+nutau assuming flat spectrum (FLUENCE90_LOWE_NUX_FLAT)cm**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.harddoublenullableFbnumubnutauFlat? LE-nu 90% upper limit on {Phi} for numubar+nutaubar assuming flat spectrum (FLUENCE90_LOWE_NUXB_FLAT)cm**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.harddoublenullableEISOnueLE? LE-nu 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for nue assuming Fermi-Dirac spectrum (EISO90_LOWE_NUE_FERMIDIRAC) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISObnueLE? LE-nu 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for nuebar assuming Fermi-Dirac spectrum (EISO90_LOWE_NUEB_FERMIDIRAC) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISOnumunutauLE? LE-nu 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for numu+nutau assuming Fermi-Dirac spectrum (EISO90_LOWE_NUX_FERMIDIRAC) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISObnumubnutauLE? LE-nu 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for numubar+nutaubar assuming Fermi-Dirac spectrum (EISO90_LOWE_NUXB_FERMIDIRAC) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISOAllLE? LE-nu 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for all-flavors assuming Fermir-Dirac spectrum (EISO90_LOWE_ALL_FERMIDIRAC) (5)(6)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGW[2019] UTC Year of the triggerstime.epochArea[20/25902] Surface of the 90% containment of GW localization (GW_SKYAREA90)deg**2phys.angSizefloatDist[156.8/5184] Mean estimate of GW source distance (GW_DISTANCE)Mpcpos.distancefloatLtime[0/994.5] SK livetime over the selected 1000s time window (SK_LIVETIME)stime.epochfloatFC[/1]? Number of HE-nu/FC observed events (SK_FC_OBSERVED) (3)meta.numberintnullableNfcE[/0.2]? Number of HE-nu/FC expected background events (SK_FC_EXPECTED) (3)meta.numberfloatnullablePC[/0]? Number of HE-nu/PC observed events (SK_PC_OBSERVED) (3)meta.numberintnullableNpcE[/0.008]? Number of HE-nu/PC expected background events (SK_PC_EXPECTED) (3)meta.numberfloatnullableNupmuE[/0.02]? Number of HE-nu/UPMU expected background events (SK_UPMU_EXPECTED) (3)meta.numberfloatnullableNleE[/0.8]? Number of LE-nu expected background events (SK_LOWE_EXPECTED) (3)meta.numberfloatnullableE2nueFC[2017/3854]? HE-nu/FC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nue (E2PHI90_NUE_FC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2bnueFC[3259/8066]? HE-nu/FC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nuebar (E2PHI90_NUEB_FC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2nuebnueFC[2550/5215]? HE-nu/FC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nue+nuebar (E2PHI90_NUENUEB_FC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2numuFC[3563/6606]? HE-nu/FC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numu (E2PHI90_NUMU_FC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2bnumuFC[8195/16053]? HE-nu/FC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numubar (E2PHI90_NUMUB_FC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2numbnumFC[5167/9231]? HE-nu/FC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numu+numubar (E2PHI90_NUMUNUMUB_FC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2nuePC[8123/49619]? HE-nu/PC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nue (E2PHI90_NUE_PC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2bnuePC[28278/223110]? HE-nu/PC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nuebar (E2PHI90_NUEB_PC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2nuebnuePC[13740/71472]? HE-nu/PC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nue+nuebar (E2PHI90_NUENUEB_PC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2numuPC[2525/5812]? HE-nu/PC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numu (E2PHI90_NUMU_PC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2bnumuPC[6219/10624]? HE-nu/PC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numubar (E2PHI90_NUMUB_PC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2numbnumPC[3568/7057]? HE-nu/PC 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numu+numubar (E2PHI90_NUMUNUMUB_PC) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2numuUPMU[31/44]? HE-nu/UPMU 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numu (E2PHI90_NUMU_UPMU) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2bnumuUPMU[39/93]? HE-nu/UPMU 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numubar (E2PHI90_NUMUB_UPMU) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2nue[1815/3888]? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nue (E2PHI90_NUE_COMBINED) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2bnue[3126/8283]? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nuebar (E2PHI90_NUEB_COMBINED) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2nuebnue[2296/5273]? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for nue+nuebar (E2PHI90_NUENUEB_COMBINED) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2numu[31/3660]? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numu (E2PHI90_NUMU_COMBINED) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2bnumu[40/6683]? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numubar (E2PHI90_NUMUB_COMBINED) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableE2numubnumu[36/4722]? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numu+numubar (E2PHI90_NUMUNUMUB_COMBINED) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableEISOnue? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for nue assuming E^-2^ spectrum (EISO90_NUE_COMBINED) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISObnue? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for nuebar assuming E^-2^ spectrum (EISO90_NUEB_COMBINED) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISOnuebnue? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for nue+nuebar assuming E^-2^ spectrum (EISO90_NUENUEB_COMBINED) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISOnumu? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for numu assuming E^-2^ spectrum (EISO90_NUMU_COMBINED) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableE2numubnumuUPMU[36/59]? HE-nu/UPMU 90% upper limit on E^2^ dn/dE for numu+numubar (E2PHI90_NUMUNUMUB_UPMU) (4)GeV.cm**-2phys.energydoublenullableEISObnumu? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for numubar assuming E^-2^ spectrum (EISO90_NUMUB_COMBINED) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISOnumubnumu? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for numu+numubar assuming E^-2^ spectrum (EISO90_NUMUNUMUB_COMBINED) (5)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableEISOallHE? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for all-flavors assuming E^-2^ spectrum (EISO90_ALL_COMBINED) (5)(6)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableNameGW trigger identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharUPMU[/1]? Number of HE-nu/UPMU observed events (SK_UPMU_OBSERVED) (3)meta.numberintnullableLE[/3]? Number of LE-nu observed events (SK_LOWE_OBSERVED) (3)meta.numberintnullableEISOallG3? HE-nu/combined 90% upper limit on E_iso_ for all-flavors assuming E^-3^ spectrum (EISO90_ALL_COMBINED_GAMMA3) (5) (6)1e-07Wphys.energydoublenullableFnueFermi? LE-nu 90% upper limit on {Phi} for nue assuming Fermi-Dirac spectrum (FLUENCE90_LOWE_NUE_FERMIDIRAC)cm**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.harddoublenullableFbnueFermi? LE-nu 90% upper limit on {Phi} for nuebar assuming Fermi-Dirac spectrum (FLUENCE90_LOWE_NUEB_FERMIDIRAC)cm**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.harddoublenullableFnumnutauFermi? LE-nu 90% upper limit on {Phi} for numu+nutau assuming Fermi-Dirac spectrum (FLUENCE90_LOWE_NUX_FERMIDIRAC)cm**-2phot.fluence;em.gamma.harddoublenullable