J/ApJ/916/58ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/916/58doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19160058CDSKoplitz B.Johnson J.Williams B.F.Long K.S.Blair W.P.Murphy J.W.,Dolphin A.Hillis T.2023-01-24T14:17:39Z2023-01-23T13:50:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernova-remnantsgalaxieshst-photometryvisible-astronomystellar-massesstellar-agesinterstellar-reddeningsupernovaeblack-holesWe constrained the progenitor masses for 169 supernova remnants (SNRs), eight historically observed supernovae (SNe), and the black hole formation candidate in NGC 6946, finding that they are consistent with originating from a standard initial mass function. Additionally, there were 16 remnants that showed no sign of nearby star formation consistent with a core-collapse SN, making them good Type Ia candidates. Using Hubble Space Telescope broadband imaging, we measured the stellar photometry of ACS/WFC fields in the F435W, F555W, F606W, and F814W filters, as well as WFC3/UVIS fields in F438W, F606W, and F814W. We then fitted this photometry with stellar evolutionary models to determine the ages of the young populations present at the positions of the SNRs and SNe. We then inferred a progenitor mass probability distribution from the fitted age distribution. For 37 SNRs, we tested how different filter combinations affected the inferred masses. We find that filters sensitive to H{alpha}, [NII], and [SII] gas emission can bias mass estimates for remnants that rely on our technique. Using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test analysis on our most reliable measurements, we find that the progenitor mass distribution is well matched by a power-law index of -2.6_-0.6_^+0.5^, which is consistent with a standard initial mass function.2021ApJ...916...58Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/916/58CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)IX/57 : The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC), Release 2.0 (Evans+, 2019)J/MNRAS/395/1409 : Type II-P SN progenitor constraints (Smartt+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/370 : Radio SNRs in nearby galaxies (Chomiuk+, 2009)J/A+A/545/A43 : HII regions in NGC 628 and NGC 6946 (Cedres+, 2012)J/A+A/538/A120 : A unified supernova catalogue (Lennarz+, 2012)J/A+A/552/A19 : Radio-farIR correlation in NGC 6946 (Tabatabaei+, 2013)J/ApJ/795/170 : Sample SNRs for M31 and M33 (Jennings+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/147 : Star formation histories of LG dwarf galaxies (Weisz+, 2014)J/ApJS/215/9 : PHAT X. UV-IR photometry of M31 stars (Williams+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/105 : SNe progenitor masses prob. distribution (Williams+, 2014)J/ApJ/846/145 : PHAT. XIX. Formation history of M31 disk (Williams+, 2017)J/ApJ/860/39 : HST obs. of nearby core-collapse SNe (Williams+, 2018)J/MNRAS/484/1899 : The ASAS-SN bright supernova catalogue - IV (Holoien+, 2019)J/ApJ/875/85 : SNRs in NGC6946 with WIYN & GMOS (Long+, 2019)J/ApJ/875/136 : BVRI, sp. & IR obs. of type II-P SN2017eaw (Van Dyk+, 2019)J/ApJ/881/54 : Masses of SNR progenitors in M83 (Williams+, 2019)J/MNRAS/482/384 : Core-collapse SNe ages and metallicities (Xiao+, 2019)J/ApJ/899/14 : Opt. & FeII sources in SNR with HST (Long+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/58https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/58http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/58https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/58https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/58http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/58GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/916/58/table3 (NGC 6946 supernova remnants)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/58/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/58/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/58/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true308.562560.17897220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/916/58/table1 (NGC 6946 observations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/58/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/58/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/58/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true308.8059460.192380.0055555555555555566/15592-15593https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/916/58?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/916/58/table3NGC 6946 supernova remnantsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameNGC 6946 Supernova Remnant ID (1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryONameOther identifier (2)meta.idcharRAJ2000[20] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[60] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainFlagUse Flag (3)meta.code.errorcharLCatDisplay data from Long+ 2019, J/ApJ/875/85 and Long+ 2020, J/ApJ/899/14meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/916/58/table1NGC 6946 observationsCamCamera ("ACS" or "WFC3")meta.id;instrcharFiltFiltermeta.id;instr.filtercharDEJ2000[60/60.3] Declination, center of image (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainV3[177/347] V3 Axisdegphys.angSizedoubleExp[520/987] Exposure Timestime.duration;obs.exposureintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintImageImage Nameobs.imagecharPID[12331/15216] HST Proposal identification numbermeta.id;obsintObs[2010/2019] Observation date, yeartime.epoch;obsRAJ2000[308.5/309] Right Ascension, center of image (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainJ/ApJ/916/58/table2SNR photometry depth, extinction, and progenitor mass estimatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryBFiltBluer Filtermeta.code;instr.filtercharBComp[26.8/28.6] Blue filter, 50% Completenessmagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatRFiltRedder Filtermeta.code;instr.filtercharRComp[25.8/28.5] Redder filter, 50% Completenessmagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatNs[2/228] Star count along line of sightmeta.numberintdAv[0/2.2] Spread of extinction along line of sightphys.absorption;stat.errorfloatAv[0.5/2.4] Reddening, V bandmagphys.absorptionfloatMass[7.5/59.1] MasssolMassphys.massfloatE_Mass[0.2/17.1] Upper uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mass[0.1/48.8] Lower uncertainty in MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatJ/ApJ/916/58/table4Age probability distribution resultsNameNGC 6946 Supernova Remnant IDmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintT1[4/44.7] Beginning of age bin in log(age)log(yr)time.age;time.startfloatT2[4.5/50.1] End of age bin in log(age)log(yr)time.age;time.endfloatSFR[0/0.12] Best-fit star formation ratesolMass/yrphys.SFR;meta.modelleddoublee_SFR[0/0.1] Lower uncertainty on SFRsolMass/yrstat.error;phys.SFRdoubleE_SFR[0/0.08] Upper uncertainty on SFRsolMass/yrstat.error;stat.maxdoublePDF[0/1] Fraction of stellar mass <50Myr (1)phys.massfloate_PDF[0/1] Lower uncertainty on PDFstat.errorfloatE_PDF[0/1] Upper uncertainty on PDFstat.error;stat.maxfloatCDF[0/1] Cumulative fraction of stellar mass over time (1)phys.massfloate_CDF[0/1] Lower uncertainty on CDFstat.errorfloatE_CDF[0.003/1] Upper uncertainty on CDFstat.error;stat.maxfloatM1[7.3/52.1] Lower range of mass of stars with lifetimes within age binsolMassphys.mass;stat.minfloatM2[7.7/66.6] Upper range of mass of stars with lifetimes within age binsolMassphys.mass;stat.maxfloat