J/ApJ/916/45ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/916/45doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19160045CDSO'Neill T.J.Cosentino G.Tan J.C.Cheng YuLiu M.2023-02-08T06:44:58Z2023-01-23T12:43:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysmilky-way-galaxymillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomystar-forming-regionsinfrared-sourcesThe stellar initial mass function (IMF) is fundamental for many areas of astrophysics, but its origin remains poorly understood. It may be inherited from the core mass function (CMF) or arise as a result of more chaotic, competitive accretion. Dense, gravitationally bound cores are seen in molecular clouds and some observations have suggested that the CMF is similar in shape to the IMF, though translated to higher masses by a factor of ~3. Here we measure the CMF in 28 dense clumps within 3.5kpc that are likely to be central regions of massive protoclusters, observed via 1.3mm dust continuum emission by the ALMAGAL project. We identify 222 cores using the dendrogram algorithm with masses ranging from 0.04 to 252M_{sun}_. We apply completeness corrections for flux and number recovery, estimated from core insertion and recovery experiments. At higher masses, the final derived CMF is well described by a single power law of the form dN/d.logM{propto}M^-{alpha}^ with {alpha}~0.94+/-0.08. However, we find evidence of a break in this power-law behavior between ~5 and 15M_{sun}_, which is, to our knowledge, the first time such a break has been found in distant (>~1kpc) regions by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We compare this massive protocluster CMF with those derived using the same methods in the G286 protocluster and a sample of infrared dark clouds. The massive protocluster CMF is significantly different, i.e., containing more massive cores, which is a potential indication of the role of environment on the CMF and IMF.2021ApJ...916...45Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/916/45CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/291/943 : Protostellar cores (Ossenkopf+, 1994)J/ApJ/428/693 : Rosette Nebula & Maddalena Cloud structures (Williams+ 1994)J/A+A/462/L17 : Dense cores in interstellar molecular clouds (Alves+, 2007)J/A+A/545/A51 : 1.4mm & 3mm interferometry of IRAS 19410+2336 (Rodon+, 2012)J/A+A/584/A91 : Dense cores in Aquila from Herschel (Konyves+, 2015)J/MNRAS/471/100 : Hi-GAL compact source catalog. -71.0<l<67.0 (Elia+, 2017)J/ApJ/862/105 : Core mass function across Gal. env. II. IRDCs (Liu+, 2018)J/ApJ/886/102 : ALMA obs. of dark high-mass clumps (ASHES) (Sanhueza+, 2019)J/A+A/632/A83 : NGC 6334 filament with ALMA (Shimajiri+, 2019)J/ApJ/894/L14 : ALMA obs. of massive clouds in the CMZ (Lu+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/45https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/45http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/916/45https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/45https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/45http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/916/45GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/916/45/table1 (Overview of clump sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/45/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/45/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/45/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true276.4225623-13.17040940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/916/45/tablea1 (Estimated physical parameters for cores)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/45/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/45/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/916/45/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true276.42681189-13.172919660.0055555555555555566/29505 30218 37897 41655 41677 41766-41767 41770 41772 41780 41782 41815 41817 42382 42387 42390 42392 42396-42398https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/916/45?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJ/916/45/table1Overview of clump sampleHIGALBMHi-GAL understandable in SIMBADmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier (GLLL.ll)meta.idcharprimaryHiID[9393/55038] Hi-GAL ID from Elia+ 2017, J/MNRAS/471/100 (<HIGALBM GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.mainint_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedALMAALMA IDmeta.id.crosscharGLON[18.3/346.4] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLAT[-1.63/1.05] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latDist[0.76/3.5] Distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatRcl[0.03/0.24] Clump radius (1)pcphys.size.radiusfloatMcl[26/3021] Clump mass (1)solMassphys.massintSigcl[0.39/10.67] Clump mass surface density, {Sigma}_cl_ (1)g.cm**-2phys.densityfloatType[1/2] Clump type (1=prestellar clump; 2=protostellar clump) (1)meta.code.classintrms[0.13/1.38] rms noisemJy/beamstat.stdev;instr.det.noisefloatNc[2/33] Number of dendrogram-identified cores in the clumpmeta.numberintJ/ApJ/916/45/tablea1Estimated physical parameters for coresGLAT[-1.63/1.05] Galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latIpeak[0.99/381.73] Peak intensitymJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatSnu[0.75/90.05] Flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatMraw[0.04/251.84] Raw, uncorrected core masssolMassphys.massfloatMass[0.07/277.1] Core mass estimate after flux correction (1)solMassphys.massfloatRad[0.18/4.44] Core radiuscpcphys.size.radiusfloatSigma[0.25/30.5] Mean core mass surface densityg.cm**-2phys.density;stat.meanfloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedIDClump identifier as in Table 1 (GLLL.ll)meta.id.parentcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCoreCore identifier within clump (c1-c33)meta.id.part;meta.maincharGLON[18.297/346.4] Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lon