J/ApJ/913/120ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/913/120doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19130120CDSZeng H.Petrosian V.Yi T.2023-01-17T13:20:59Z2022-12-14T09:37:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleigamma-ray-astronomyphotometryvisible-astronomyredshiftedMultiwavelength analyses of spectra of active galactic nuclei provide useful information on the physical processes in the accretion disk and jets of black holes. This, however, is limited to bright sources and may not represent the population as a whole. Another approach is through the investigation of the cosmological evolution of the luminosity function (LF), which shows varied evolution (luminosity and density) at different wavelengths. These differences and the correlations between luminosities can shed light on the jet-accretion disk connection. Most such studies use forward fitting parametric methods that involve several functions and many parameters. We use nonparametric, nonbinning methods developed by Efron & Petrosian (1992ApJ...399..345E) and Lynden-Bell (1971MNRAS.155...95L), for obtaining unbiased description of the evolution of the LF, from data truncated by observational selection effects. We present an analysis of the evolution of gamma-ray LF of blazars with a main focus on flat-spectrum radio quasars. This requires analysis of both gamma-ray and optical data, essential for redshift measurements, and a description of the joint LF. We use a new approach that divides the sample into two subsamples, each with its own flux limit. We use the Fermi Large Area Telescope and GAIA observations, and present results on the gamma-ray LF and its evolution, and determine the intrinsic correlation between the gamma-ray and optical luminosities corrected for the well-known false correlation induced by their similar redshift dependence and evolution of the two luminosities. We also present a direct estimation of the contribution of blazars to the spectrum of the extragalactic gamma-ray background.2021ApJ...913..120Zhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/913/120CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/129/2542 : BL Lac from SDSS (Collinge+, 2005)J/AJ/139/390 : Opt. selected BL Lac objects from SDSS-DR7 (Plotkin+, 2010)J/ApJS/188/405 : Fermi-LAT first source catalog (1FGL) (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJ/780/73 : Redshifts of BL Lac objects from Fermi (Ajello+, 2014)J/ApJ/799/86 : Isotropic gamma-ray emission 0.1-820GeV (Ackermann+, 2015)J/MNRAS/464/1306 : LARGESS survey (Ching+, 2017)J/ApJ/850/161 : Konus-Wind cat. of GRBs with redshifts. I. (Tsvetkova+, 2017)J/ApJS/247/33 : The Fermi LAT fourth source catalog (4FGL) (Abdollahi+, 2020)J/ApJ/892/105 : 4th catalog of Fermi LAT-detected AGNs (4LAC) (Ajello+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/913/120https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/913/120http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/913/120https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/913/120https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/913/120http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/913/120GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/913/120/table1 (for 1124 blazars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/913/120/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/913/120/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/913/120/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true359.692021119.92230670.0055555555555555566/14 29 39 49 60 100 110 172 180 250 398 438 465 514 532 579 611 615 700 716-717 808 911 968 988 991 1018 1085 1154 1546 1584 1593 2094 2100 2143 2228 2273 2310 2331 2340 2404 2414 2434 2574 2616 2621 2636 2661 2741 2792 2836 2867 3402 3431 3569 3820 3882 3945 4050 4088 4134 4190 4255 4260-4261 4267 4317 4352 4407 4472 4475 4497 4543 4550 4572 4587 4606 4672 4695 4705 4714 4770 4801 4805 4820 4825 4855 4861 4865-4866 4880 4882 4940 4964 4977 5009 5072 5091 5098 5125 5139 5154 5156 5162 5191 5201 5212 5250 5268 5284 5306 5311 5314 5352-5353 5361 5371 5390 5404-5405 5423 5448 5453 5458 5460 5462 5516 5521-5523 5546 5589 5597 5649 5657 5693 5728 5771 5775-5776 5781 5792 5795 5803 5817 5836 5870 5878 5918 6015 6018 6021 6044 6062 6088 6096 6101 6104 6110 6164 6167 6204 6211-6212 6219 6255 6268 6292 6348 6368 6374 6427 6436 6496 6501 6507 6548 6559 6568 6582 6601 6619 6636 6641 6647 6764 6777 6910 6923 6948 6963 6976 6984 6988 6996 7004 7028 7038 7045 7131 7181 7200 7233 7245 7265 7269 7285 7296 7308 7315 7336 7343 7346 7354 7389 7426 7446 7478 7518 7548 7553 7569-7570 7623 7653 7699 7709 7758 7777 7851 7872 7896 7951 7969 8004 8031 8057 8067 8071 8290 8299 8321 8339 8374 8432 8440 8466 8485 8487 8515 8595 8645 8657 8699 8746 8751 8773 8805 8818 8830 8915 8945 8972 9003 9013 9032 9049 9075 9188 9202 9258 9301 9316 9338 9353 9383 9435 9442 9445 9460 9477 9501 9524 9545 9570 9612 9629 9632-9633 9641 9676 9688 9711 9714 9723 9762 9773 9805 9811 9892-9893 9906 9991 9996 9998 10006 10033 10071 10119 10123 10163 10183 10198 10213 10216 10249-10250 10282 10294 10352 10390 10422 10426-10427 10466 10474 10501 10522 10548 10561 10572 10597 10605 10612 10625 10627 10642 10669 10681 10715 10780 10800-10801 10810 10814 10843 10852 10867 10910 10921 10938 10944 10971 10975 10994 10996 11004 11027 11081 11116 11124 11136 11143 11177 11209 11216 11242 11279 11283 11290 11303 11323 11374 11385 11407 11426 11430 11444 11449 11523 11585 11594 11631 11639-11640 11649 11682 11734 11736 11774 11777 11839 11880 11912 11936 11965 12007 12109 12179 12207 12352 12386 12466 12473 12475 12505 12544 12599 12604 12619 12625 12687 13098 13153 13156 13179 13320 13352-13353 13410 13427 13485 13572 13582 13586 13640 13673 13693 13705 13711 13729 13731 13890 13927 14842 14854 15023 15059 15147 15286 15935 15947 15969 15973 15998 16027 16049 16056 16059 16223 16247 16272 16281 16298 16447 16478 16483 16532 16534 16606 16638 16661 16665 16676 16679 16696 16720 16740 16774 16796 16806 16821 16892 16971 17019 17095 17146 17154 17161 17184 17186 17206 17215 17351 17364 17366 17401 17414 17443 17516 17519 17537 17541 17574 17579 17601-17602 17611 17665 17711 17745 17775 17791 17798 17812 17819 17842-17843 17857 17909 17917 17927 17937 17944 17957 17994 17999 18002 18020 18022 18035 18037 18053 18070 18084 18092 18109 18119 18219 18240 18253 18259 18270 18402 18436 18444 18457 18491 18506 18604 18624 18661 18666 18706 18718 18755 18766 18799 18812 18821 18853 18927 18954 18981 19023 19034 19042-19043 19088 19157 19190 19202 19271 19324 19327 19370 19373 19421 19460 19487 19500 19517 19553 19589 19593 19617 19622 19629 19723 19743 19756 19778 19789 19831 19857 19867 19878 19886 19910-19911 19918 19989 20006 20016 20074 20083 20095 20099 20110 20146 20202 20210 20213 20224 20283 20325 20456 20468 20473 20476 20478 20489 20577 20604 20611 20624 20657 20693 20725 20735-20736 20777 20781 20783 20888 21121 21142 21160 21179 21188 21266 21358 21764 21768 21781 21792 21873 21879 21905 21935 21960 21968 21972 22009 22298 22363 22388 22396 22501 22558 22658 22730 22823 22828 22883 22894 22917 22950 23011 23014-23015 23022 23085 23099 23121 23127 23134 23181 23215 23222 23306 23364 23383 23416 23436 23691 23897 24027 24084 24123 24580 24608 24734 24785 24797 24828 24845 24861 24902 24906 24941 25061 25106 25131-25132 25196 25302 25389 25409 25501 25503 25519 25542 25630 25649 25673 25677 25689 25734 25750 25760 25818 25820 25829 25835 25841 25857 25864 25910 25990 26016 26032 26036 26073 26083 26131 26167 26203 26242 26274 26276 26292 26303 26305 26308 26322 26340 26363 26406 26442 26513 26539 26543 26549 26595 26626 26858 26873 26898 26900-26901 26931 26964 26983-26984 27053 27056 27060 27217 27248 27310 27327 27380-27381 27413 27436 27472 27509 27523-27524 27605 27646 27716 27722 27750 27844 27846 27852 27857 27945 28042 28066 28083 28092 28101 28117 28138-28139 28167 28199 28225 28243 28268 28290 28318 28342 28352 28370 28388 28401 28454 28463 28479 28492 28498 28517 28546 28583 28606 28615 29016-29017 29336 29570 29714 29772 29823 29952 29974 30015 30036 30039 30160 30195 30203 30842 31079 31190 31334 31391 31407 31430 31451 31485 31599 31656 31663-31664 31666 31844 31894 31915 31930 32261 32288 32311 32345 32454 32607 32621 32660 32738 32808 32831-32832 33008 33195 33238 33370 33430 33549 33560 33570 33575 33611 33679 33684 33774 33825 33827 33862 33865 33881 33898 33968 34012-34013 34038 34046 34086 34095 34099 34123 34163 34209 34317 34428 34443 34461 34517 34534 34572 34637 34675 34699 34747 34767 34771 34870 34911 35079 35093 35187 35199 35263 35274 35281 35294 35301 35342 35370 35402 35433 35441 35475 35590 35624 35680 35706 35731 35801 35821 35833 35960 35963 35981 36003 36058 36090 36100 36111 36138 36144 36151 36155 36188 36278 36296 36342 36548 36551 36554 36602 36615 36665 36688 36708 36747 36770 36777 36779 36827 36941 37385 37512 37568 38277 38355 38369 38715 38734 38740 38759 38763 38766 38772 38787 38797 38802 38942 38954 38993 39077 39131 39466-39467 39489 39542 39622 39671 39848 40174 40265 40331 40353 40412 40422 40434 40527 40533 40689 40762 40831 40890 40919 40931 40949 41030 41072 41335 41988 42658 42901 42980 43246 43366 43380 43382 43447 43451 43483 43822 43883 43888 43914 43986 43996 44011 44043 44069 44106 44147 44247 44255 44291 44313 44340 44484 44592 44654 44658 44705 44730 44813 45011 45038 45081 45164 45178 45196 45293 45713 45943 46055 46142 46157 46204 46251 46258 46280 46310 46331 46337 46369 46373-46374 46439 46442 46444-46445 46448 46501 46545 46721 46787 46798 46835 46852 46921 46963-46964 46966 47014 47016 47021 47057 47080 47151 47319 47327 47375 47479 47512 47534 47540 47564 47605 47649 47894 47943 47960-47961 48023 48123 48201 48245 48300 48320 48352 48419 48443 48580 48589 48595 48603 48624 48629 48685 48778 48797-48798 48878 48933 48985 48995 49071 49097 491411.9867573869263685e-19 4.621782916333392e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/913/120?format=asciiGamma-rayOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/913/120/table1for 1124 blazarsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint4FGL4FGL name (JHHMM.m+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharz[0.01/3.8] Spectroscopic redshift from the 4LAC (Ajello+, 2020, J/ApJ/892/105)src.redshiftfloatS25GeV[8.4e-13/1.2e-9] The 25GeV energy flux; in erg/s/cm^2^ unitsmW.m**-2phot.flux.density;em.gamma.harddoubleGamma[1.5/3.2] Power-law spectral index in the 100MeV to 100GeV energy bandspect.index;em.gammafloatClassClassification (1)src.classcharGaiaGaia DR2 counterpart identifiermeta.idGmag[12.8/21.5] Gaia DR2 G passband band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBPmag[12.9/21.3]? Gaia DR2 Blue passband magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableRPmag[12.2/20.4]? Gaia DR2 Red passband magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablefnu[0.009/24.7] Gaia DR2 G passband flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.optfloatfnuBP[0.01/24]? Gaia DR2 Blue passband flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.optfloatnullablefnuRP[0.01/32.1]? Gaia DR2 Red passband flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.optfloatnullablealpha[-0.8/4.1] Optical spectral index (2)spect.index;em.optfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main