J/ApJ/912/46ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/912/46doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19120046CDSBruch R.J.Gal-Yam A.Schulze S.Yaron O.Yang YiSoumagnac M.,Rigault M.Strotjohann N.L.Ofek E.Sollerman J.Masci F.J.,Barbarino C.Ho A.Y.Q.Fremling C.Perley D.Nordin J.Cenko S.B.,Adams S.Adreoni I.Bellm E.C.Blagorodnova N.Bulla M.Burdge K.,De K.Dhawan S.Drake A.J.Duev D.A.Dugas A.Graham M.Graham M.L.,Irani I.Jencson J.Karamehmetoglu E.Kasliwal M.Kim Y.-L.,Kulkarni S.Kupfer T.Liang J.Mahabal A.Miller A.A.Prince T.A.,Riddle R.Sharma Y.Smith R.Taddia F.Taggart K.Walters R.Yan L.2023-06-14T14:02:40Z2022-11-17T09:37:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaephotometryvisible-astronomyspectroscopyredshiftedSpectroscopic detection of narrow emission lines traces the presence of circumstellar mass distributions around massive stars exploding as core-collapse supernovae. Transient emission lines disappearing shortly after the supernova explosion suggest that the material spatial extent is compact and implies an increased mass loss shortly prior to explosion. Here, we present a systematic survey for such transient emission lines (Flash Spectroscopy) among Type II supernovae detected in the first year of the Zwicky Transient Facility survey. We find that at least six out of ten events for which a spectrum was obtained within two days of the estimated explosion time show evidence for such transient flash lines. Our measured flash event fraction (>30% at 95% confidence level) indicates that elevated mass loss is a common process occurring in massive stars that are about to explode as supernovae.2021ApJ...912...46Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/912/46CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/MNRAS/395/1409 : Type II-P SN progenitor constraints (Smartt+, 2009)J/ApJ/736/159 : Photometry monitoring of the SN PTF10vdl (Gal-Yam+, 2011)J/other/Nat/494.65 : SN 2010mc outburst before explosion (Ofek+, 2013)J/A+A/555/A10 : Light curves of 5 type IIn supernovae (Taddia+, 2013)J/MNRAS/441/1186 : Cataclysmic variables from CRTS (Drake+, 2014)J/ApJ/789/104 : SNe IIn observations and properties (Ofek+, 2014)J/ApJ/811/117 : R-band PTF observations of SNe IIb (Strotjohann+, 2015)J/MNRAS/449/1753 : I-band LCs of SNe II from OGLE-IV (Poznanski+, 2015)J/A+A/587/L7 : Metallicity from Type II SN from (i)PTF (Taddia+, 2016)J/A+A/589/A110 : SN II in host HII regions (Anderson+, 2016)J/MNRAS/459/3939 : Type II supernova light curves (Valenti+, 2016)J/ApJ/820/33 : R-band light curves of type II supernovae (Rubin+, 2016)J/ApJ/828/111 : Unsupervised clustering of type II SNe LCs (Rubin+, 2016)J/ApJ/835/166 : SNe type II from CSP-I, SDSS-II & SNLS (de Jaeger+, 2017)J/ApJS/233/6 : SNe II light curves & spectra from the CfA (Hicken+, 2017)J/ApJ/861/63 : Type IIP SN 2016bkv LCs and spectra (Hosseinzadeh+, 2018)J/A+A/611/A25 : Updated Type II supernova Hubble diagram (Gall+, 2018)J/MNRAS/483/5459 : SNeII as distance indicators at near-IR (Rodriguez+, 2019)J/A+A/637/A73 : Type IIn supernova photometry (Nyholm+, 2020)J/ApJ/895/31 : Phot. observations of Type II SN 2018ivc (Bostroem+, 2020)J/ApJ/902/6 : UV to visible-light obs. of SN 2018fif (Soumagnac+, 2020)J/ApJ/907/99 : Pre-explosion light curve of 227 SNe (Strotjohann+, 2021)http://www.wis-tns.org/ : Transient Name Server home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/46https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/46https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/46http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/46GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/912/46/table2 (real infant 2018 (28 objects))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/46/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/46/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/46/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true261.897671171.53025830.0055555555555555566/1152 2304 2792 5917 6881 7946 9297 9332 9389 9495 9658 9694 9986 10161 11040 11357 11379 11591 11718 11731 14895 15027 15030 15095 15887 19577 32637 32766https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/912/46?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/912/46/table2real infant 2018 (28 objects)_RAPositions from the Transient Name Server (http://www.wis-tns.org) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from the Transient Name Server (http://www.wis-tns.org) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNIAU identifier (YYYYaaa)meta.id;meta.maincharprimarySimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharZTFInternal ZTF identifiermeta.idcharTypeTNS classificationsrc.spTypecharr_Type[1/28] Classification report (1)meta.noteintz[0.01/0.07] Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatJDJulian Date of estimated explosion date, EEDdtime.epochdoublee_JD[0.001/3.5] Uncertainty in JDdstat.error;time.epochfloatFD[-0.47/3.5] Date of first detection relative to to EED in JDdtime.epochfloatLD[-3.5/1.95] Last non-detection relative to EED in JDdtime.epochfloatFS[0.14/55.05] First spectrum relative to EED in JDdtime.epochfloatInstTelescope/Instrument identifiers (2)meta.idcharFlashFlash detected (c=Yes; x=No or ?meta.codecharNpNumber of photometry measurements for this SN (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableNpkNumber of peak measurements for this SN (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullableLCInteractive LC Plotmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/912/46/table3Forced photometry of the real infant (RI) sampleFilt[gr] Filter usedinstr.setup;instr.filtercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintZTFInternal ZTF identifiermeta.idcharJDJulian Date of the observationdtime.epochdoubleFlux[-4.43e-8/1.02e-7] Flux density in FiltmJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Flux[3e-11/2e-8] Uncertainty in FluxmJystat.error;phot.fluxdoublemag[17.48/38.91]? Apparent AB magnitude in Filtmagphot.magfloatnullableMag[-18.61/2.4]? Absolute AB magnitude in Filt not corrected for extinctionmagphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_mag[0.006/2735450]? AB magnitude uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableTime[-2.1/298.1] Time from alert system's first detectiondtime.epochfloatSNIAU identifier (YYYYaaa)meta.id;meta.maincharJ/ApJ/912/46/table4Peak absolute magnitudes of the 17 objects within the 7-day spectroscopic sub-samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNIAU identifier (YYYYaaa)meta.id;meta.maincharFilt[gr] Filtermeta.id;instr.filtercharz[0.01/0.054] Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublee_z[1e-5/0.004] Uncertainty in zstat.error;src.redshiftdoublef_zFlag on z (1)meta.codecharDM[33.5/37] Distance modulusmagphot.mag.distModfloatPkmag[17.09/19.55] Apparent peak AB magnitude in Filtmagphot.mag;stat.maxfloate_Pkmag[0.001/0.05] Uncertainty in Pkmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatPkday[1.8/22.65] Peak with respect to the EEDdtime.epochfloate_Pkday[0.16/3.3] Uncertainty in Pkdaydstat.errorfloatExt[0.017/0.84] Filter AB magnitude extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatPkMag[-18.91/-14.39] Absolute peak AB magnitude in Filtmagphys.magAbs;stat.maxfloate_PkMag[0.009/3.8] Uncertainty in PkMagmagstat.error;phot.magfloat