J/ApJ/912/125ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/912/125doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19120125CDSGuidry J.A.Vanderbosch Z.P.Hermes J.J.Barlow B.N.Lopez I.D.,Boudreaux T.M.Corcoran K.A.Bell K.J.Montgomery M.H.Heintz T.M.,Castanheira B.G.Reding J.S.Dunlap B.H.Winget D.E.Winget K.I.,Kuehne J.W.2023-01-10T08:27:24Z2022-11-30T12:32:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frwhite-dwarf-starsvariable-starsphotometryvisible-astronomyeffective-temperatureWe present a novel method to detect variable astrophysical objects and transient phenomena using anomalous excess scatter in repeated measurements from public catalogs of Gaia DR2 and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) DR3 photometry. We first provide a generalized, all-sky proxy for variability using only Gaia DR2 photometry, calibrated to white dwarf stars. To ensure more robust candidate detection, we further employ a method combining Gaia with ZTF photometry and alerts. To demonstrate its efficacy, we apply this latter technique to a sample of roughly 12100 white dwarfs within 200pc centered on the ZZ Ceti instability strip, where hydrogen-atmosphere white dwarfs are known to pulsate. By inspecting the top 1% of the samples ranked by these methods, we demonstrate that both the Gaia-only and ZTF-informed techniques are highly effective at identifying known and new variable white dwarfs, which we verify using follow-up, high-speed photometry. We confirm variability in all 33 out of 33 (100%) observed white dwarfs within our top 1% highest-ranked candidates, both inside and outside the ZZ Ceti instability strip. In addition to dozens of new pulsating white dwarfs, we also identify five white dwarfs highly likely to show transiting planetary debris; if confirmed, these systems would more than triple the number of white dwarfs known to host transiting debris.2021ApJ...912..125Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/912/125CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/730/128 : Spectroscopy of DA WD from the SDSS-DR4 (Tremblay+, 2011)J/ApJS/204/5 : SDSS DR7 white dwarf catalog (Kleinman+, 2013)J/ApJ/812/167 : ELM survey. VI. 11 new ELM WD binaries (Gianninas+, 2015)J/MNRAS/446/4078 : New white dwarf stars in SDSS DR10 (Kepler+, 2015)J/ApJ/818/L7 : High-speed phot. obs. of WD 1145+017 syst. (Gansicke+, 2016)J/ApJ/823/49 : HST/COS observations of 7 white dwarfs (Sandhaus+, 2016)J/ApJS/232/23 : 27 pulsating DA WDs follow-up observations (Hermes+, 2017)J/A+A/623/A110 : Gaia DR2. Variable stars in CMD (Gaia Collaboration+, 2019)J/MNRAS/482/4570 : Gaia DR2 white dwarf candidates (Gentile Fusillo+, 2019)J/MNRAS/486/2169 : White dwarf and subdwarf stars in SDSS DR14 (Kepler+, 2019)J/ApJS/249/18 : The ZTF catalog of periodic variable stars (Chen+, 2020)J/AJ/160/252 : ZZ Ceti WDs and candidates in Gaia survey (Vincent+, 2020)J/A+A/648/A44 : Large-amplitude variables in Gaia DR2 (Mowlavi+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/125https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/125GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/912/125/table5 (Table of parameters and metrics for the combined Gaia and ZTF top 1% (see Appendix F))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/125/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/125/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/125/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.6595217.651750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/912/125/table6 (Pulsation spectra for newly confirmed ZZ Cetis)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/125/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/125/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/125/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.65937517.65201110.0055555555555555566/636 661 970 1082 1146 1260 1461 1836 1986 2324 2539 2561 2893 3286 3582 3670 4152 5334 5522 5539 5771 5808 6477 6495 6568 7008 7082 7281 7966 8388 8443 8684 8855 9416 9513 9593 9951 10021 10318 10474 10556 10977 11378 11401 11466 11492 11540 11662 12194 12471 12859 13080 13235 13454 13643 13657 13819 14029 14333 15026 15228 15235 15541 17087 17490 18020 18041 18555 18576 19574 19681 19827 19872 19895 20060 20198 20256 20970 21222 21813 22153 22606 22914 23013 23456 23850 24130 24234 24897 25458 25542 25984 26049 26221 26645 26975 27516 27962 27989 28157 28305 28474 29333 29969 30033 31635 31692 32102 32475 32587 32637 32766 36289 36342 36489 36572 36612 36676 37369 37952 38008 40178 40370 40570 42356 44395 44893 45933 474761.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/912/125?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/912/125/table5Table of parameters and metrics for the combined Gaia and ZTF top 1% (see Appendix F)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintWDName of the source (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharnZZDisplay the pulsation sp. data for this newly confirmed ZZ Cetis (link to Table 6)meta.ref.urlintnullableRA_ICRSGaia DR2 right ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRS[-23.4/77.3] Gaia DR2 declination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainClassClassification (2)src.classcharR[12.9/1616] Rank parameter (see Section 3.4)src.var.indexfloatVar2[0.3/46] Gaia variability metric (V_G_; see Section 3.1)src.var.indexfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedVar1[1.4/55] ZTF light-curve metric (V_ZTF_; see Section 3.2)src.var.indexfloatNA[0/15] ZTF Alert variability metric (N_A_; see Section 3.3)src.var.indexintGmag[15/19.2] Average observed Gaia DR2 G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatTeff[7240/15690] Effective temperature (3)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[7/9] Log of surface gravity (3)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatObsObservatory (4)meta.id;instr.obstycharGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR2 (I/345)meta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/912/125/table6Pulsation spectra for newly confirmed ZZ CetisSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablef_WD[d] Flag on WD (2)meta.codecharTopmeta.ref.urlintnullableTeff[7410/12610]? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablef_Teff[*] Flag on Teff (2)meta.codecharlogg[7/8.8]? Log of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablef_logg[*] Flag on logg (2)meta.codecharWMP[353.4/3700.6]? The weighted mean pulsation periodstime.period;stat.meanfloatnullablef_WMP[D] Flag on WMP (2)meta.codecharPerLinerly independent periods (s) / corresponding amplitudes (%)time.periodcharGaiaDisplay data from Gaia DR2 (I/345)meta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintClClassification (1)src.classcharWDName of the source (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss)meta.id;meta.mainchar_DEPositions from names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main