J/ApJ/912/112ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/912/112doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19120112CDSWang T.Jiang B.Ren Y.Yang M.Li J.2024-10-07T20:11:16Z2022-11-30T08:46:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starsinfrared-photometryeffective-temperaturestellar-massesastronomical-modelsMass loss is an important activity for red supergiants (RSGs) and can influence their evolution and final fate. Previous estimations of mass-loss rates (MLRs) of RSGs exhibit significant dispersion due to differences in method and the incompleteness of samples. With the improved quality and depth of surveys including the UKIRT/WFCAM observations in the near-infrared, and LGGS and PS1 in the optical, a rather complete sample of RSGs is identified in M31 and M33 according to their brightness and colors. For about 2000 objects in either galaxy from this largest ever sample, the MLR is derived by fitting the observational optical-to-mid-infrared spectral energy distribution with the DUSTY code of a 1D dust radiative transfer model. The average MLR of RSGs is found to be around 2.0x10^-5^M_{sun}_/yr with a gas-to-dust ratio of 100, which yields a total contribution to the interstellar dust from RSGs of about 1.1x10^-3^M_{sun}_/yr in M31 and 6.0x10^-4^M_{sun}_/yr in M33, a non- negligible source in comparison with evolved low-mass stars. The MLRs are divided into three types by the dust species, i.e., amorphous silicate, amorphous carbon, and optically thin, and the relations between MLR and stellar parameters, infrared flux, and colors are discussed and compared with previous works for the silicate and carbon dust groups.2021ApJ...912..112Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/912/112CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/390/511 : Millimetre obs. of carbon stars. II. (Groenewegen+, 2002)J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)J/AJ/133/2393 : UBVRI phot. in 7 Local Group dwarfs galaxies (Massey+, 2007)J/A+A/532/A54 : GRAMS carbon-star model grid (Srinivasan+, 2011)J/ApJ/753/71 : Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI. (Riebel+, 2012)J/A+A/540/A135 : AGB population of NGC 6822 (Sibbons+, 2012)J/ApJ/825/50 : Var. stars in M31 & M33. III. YSGs & RSGs (Gordon+, 2016)J/ApJ/826/224 : RSG and foreground candidates in M31 (Massey+, 2016)J/MNRAS/466/1963 : Silicate crystallinities of O-rich stars (Liu+, 2017)J/A+A/609/A114 : Local Group AGB stars & red supergiants (Groenewegen+, 2018)J/A+A/616/A175 : Red supergiant stars in the LMC. II. (Yang+, 2018)J/A+A/629/A91 : A source catalog for the SMC (Yang+, 2019)J/ApJ/889/44 : UKIRT obs. of red supergiants in M31 (Neugent+, 2020)J/A+A/639/A116 : RSGs in the SMC (Yang+, 2020)J/ApJ/907/18 : Red Supergiants in M31 & M33. I. (Ren+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/112https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/112http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/912/112https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/112https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/112http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/912/112GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/912/112/table1 (Catalog of the stellar and dust parameters for red supergiants in M31)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/112/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/112/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/112/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true11.4463980642.345503060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/912/112/table2 (Catalog of the stellar and dust parameters for red supergiants in M33)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/112/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/112/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/912/112/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true23.22263530.173420.0055555555555555566/2154-2155 2240-2241 2619 2622-2623 2666-2667 2705 2708-2709 2752https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/912/112?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/912/112/table1Catalog of the stellar and dust parameters for red supergiants in M31recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/3711] Running sequence numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[9.5/24] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[30/42.5] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGalGalaxy namemeta.id.parentcharKmag[11.8/18.1] UKIRT apparent K-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Kmag[0.01/0.1] Standard error in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatLum[3.4/5.9] Luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatTeff[3116/4546] Effective TemperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintdM/dtMass Loss RatesolMass/yrphys.mass.losscharTin[750/1200] Inner Shell TemperatureKphys.temperatureinttau[0.001/6] Optical depthphys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatchi2[0.003/0.4] chi squarestat.fit.chi2floatTypeRSG Type (1)src.classcharPapIDisplay data from Paper I (Ren+ 2021, J/ApJ/907/18meta.ref.urlcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableONameOther identifiers from Paper I (Ren+, 2021, J/ApJ/907/18: Gaia DR2 (I/345) then LGGS (Massey+, 2006, J/AJ/131/2478) then PS1 (II/349) objID)meta.idcharJ/ApJ/912/112/table2Catalog of the stellar and dust parameters for red supergiants in M33Teff[3116/4546] Effective TemperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintdM/dtMass Loss RatesolMass/yrphys.mass.losscharTin[750/1200] Inner Shell TemperatureKphys.temperatureinttau[0.001/6] Optical depthphys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatchi2[0.003/0.4] chi squarestat.fit.chi2floatTypeRSG Type (1)src.classcharPapIDisplay data from Paper I (Ren+ 2021, J/ApJ/907/18meta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/3711] Running sequence numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[9.5/24] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[30/42.5] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGalGalaxy namemeta.id.parentcharKmag[11.8/18.1] UKIRT apparent K-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Kmag[0.01/0.1] Standard error in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatLum[3.4/5.9] Luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatONameOther identifiers from Paper I (Ren+, 2021, J/ApJ/907/18: Gaia DR2 (I/345) then LGGS (Massey+, 2006, J/AJ/131/2478) then PS1 (II/349) objID)meta.idcharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable