J/ApJ/910/95ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/910/95doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19100095CDSRoman-Duval J.Jenkins E.B.Tchernyshyov K.Williams B.Clark C.J.R.,Gordon K.D.Meixner M.Hagen L.Peek J.Sandstrom K.Werk J.,Yanchulova Merica-Jones P.2022-09-28T05:55:20Z2022-09-19T14:26:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frspectroscopyultraviolet-astronomyinterstellar-mediumline-intensitieschemical-abundancesmagellanic-cloudsA key component of the baryon cycle in galaxies is the depletion of metals from the gas to the dust phase in the neutral interstellar medium (ISM). The METAL (Metal Evolution, Transport, and Abundance in the Large Magellanic Cloud) program on the Hubble Space Telescope acquired UV spectra toward 32 sight lines in the half-solar metallicity LMC, from which we derive interstellar depletions (gas-phase fractions) of Mg, Si, Fe, Ni, S, Zn, Cr, and Cu. The depletions of different elements are tightly correlated, indicating a common origin. Hydrogen column density is the main driver for depletion variations. Correlations are weaker with volume density, probed by CI fine-structure lines, and distance to the LMC center. The latter correlation results from an east-west variation of the gas-phase metallicity. Gas in the east, compressed side of the LMC encompassing 30 Doradus and the southeast HI over-density is enriched by up to +0.3dex, while gas in the west side is metal deficient by up to -0.5dex. Within the parameter space probed by METAL, no correlation with molecular fraction or radiation-field intensity are found. We confirm the factor of three to four increase in dust-to-metal and dust-to-gas ratios between the diffuse (logN(H)~20cm^-2^) and molecular (logN(H)~22cm^-2^) ISM observed from far-infrared, 21cm, and CO observations. The variations of dust-to-metal and dust-to-gas ratios with column density have important implications for the sub-grid physics of chemical evolution, gas and dust mass estimates throughout cosmic times, and for the chemical enrichment of the Universe measured via spectroscopy of damped Ly{alpha} systems.2021ApJ...910...95Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/910/95CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/132/1630 : CaII spectroscopy in MC clusters (Grocholski+, 2006)J/AJ/132/2268 : SAGE calibration stars (Meixner+, 2006)J/A+A/471/625 : VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars (Trundle+, 2007)J/ApJS/176/59 : FUSE survey of OVI in the MW disk (Bowen+, 2008)J/ApJ/700/1299 : Gas-phase element depletions in the ISM (Jenkins, 2009)J/MNRAS/404/1321 : TiII in Milky way and Magellanic clouds (Welty+, 2010)J/ApJ/734/65 : CI radial velocities with HST/STIS (Jenkins+, 2011)J/ApJ/755/89 : Metallicities of damped Ly{alpha} systems (Rafelski+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/71 : Mass-loss return from LMC evolved stars. VI. (Riebel+, 2012)J/ApJ/745/173 : UV absorption sight lines of LMC and SMC (Welty+, 2012)J/ApJ/780/76 : SII energy levels and line strengths (Kisielius+, 2014)J/ApJ/804/76 : ZnII lines and collision strengths (Kisielius+, 2015)J/ApJ/811/78 : Elemental depletions in the MCs (Tchernyshyov+, 2015)J/MNRAS/457/2814 : SAGE SMC evolved stars candidates (Srinivasan+, 2016)J/A+A/606/A50 : Fe-rich silicate analogues (Demyk+, 2017)J/ApJS/236/36 : Ga, Ge, As, Kr, Cd, Sn & Pb col. densities (Ritchey+, 2018)J/A+A/623/A5 : DustPedia metallicities and HI masses (De Vis+, 2019)J/ApJ/871/151 : METAL Hubble program. I. (Roman-Duval+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/910/95https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/910/95http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/910/95https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/910/95https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/910/95http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/910/95GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/910/95/targets (Spectroscopic targets (Table 1) and measurements of the column densities, derived radiation fields, volume densities and electron densities (Table 6))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/910/95/targets?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/910/95/targets?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/910/95/targets?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true71.76854583-67.114755560.0055555555555555566/33047 33053-33054 33092 33094-33095 33097 33099-33102 33112 33116 33120 33122-33123 33126-33128https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/910/95?format=asciiUVdefaultJ/ApJ/910/95/targetsSpectroscopic targets (Table 1) and measurements of the column densities, derived radiation fields, volume densities and electron densities (Table 6)SimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[4/5] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[65/71] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainE(B-V)[0.08/0.4] E(B-V) color excessmagphot.color.excessfloatlogN(HI)[19.57/21.85] log of LMC HI column density (1)log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloate_logN(HI)[0.02/0.7] Uncertainty in logN(HI)LMClog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatlogN(H2)[13.98/20.95] log of LMC H_2_ column density (2)log(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatVhelio-min[180/240] Heliocentric velocity range, minkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentric;stat.minintVhelio-max[270/370] Heliocentric velocity range, maxkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentric;stat.maxintNstisNumber of measurements for the STIS obs. for this target (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableNnNumber of column density measurements for this target (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharT01(H2)[46/270] Rotational temperature (3)Kphys.temperature;phys.mol.rotationfloatlogN(CI)[13.18/15.56]? log, CI column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logN(CI)[0.01/0.92]? Uncertainty in logN(CI)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablelogN(CII)[16.48/17.62]? log, CII column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logN(CII)[0.19/0.24]? Uncertainty in logN(CII)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablef1[0.02/0.47]? f1, N(CI*)/N(CI)phys.columnDensity;arith.difffloatnullablee_f1[0.01/0.23]? Uncertainty in f1stat.errorfloatnullablef2[0/0.33]? f2, N(CI**)/N(CI)phys.columnDensity;arith.difffloatnullablee_f2[0/0.1]? Uncertainty in f2stat.errorfloatnullableI/I0[0/10.7]? Normalized UV radiation field (4)spect.line.intensity;arith.ratio;em.UVfloatnullablee_I/I0[0/7.2]? Uncertainty in I/I0stat.errorfloatnullablen(H)[4/562]? Hydrogen volume densitycm**-3phys.densityintnullablee_n(H)[1/180]? Uncertainty in n(H)cm**-3stat.errorintnullableglow[0.37/1]? Fraction of low-pressure gasphys.pressure;arith.difffloatnullablee_glow[0/0.2]? Uncertainty in glowstat.errorfloatnullablene[0.002/0.055]? Electron number densitycm**-3phys.densityfloatnullablee_ne[0.001/0.017]? Uncertainty in necm**-3stat.errorfloatnullableTargetTarget or Sight-linemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryJ/ApJ/910/95/table3Equivalent widths and individual AOD and column density measurements for the STIS observationsGratGratingmeta.id;instr.setupcharTargetTarget or Sight-linemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintElElementphys.atmol.elementcharlambda[1152.81/2260.78]? Wavelength0.1nmem.wldoublenullablelogfl[-2.81/3.11]? log oscillator strength, log{lambda}f_{lambda} in Angstrom unitslog(0.1nm)phys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatnullableEW[-21.2/387.1]? Equivalent width, m{AA} unit0.1pmmeta.unit;spect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EW[2.6/90.0]? Uncertainty on EW0.1pmstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablel_logN(X)Limit flag for lognmeta.code.errorcharlogN(X)[12.07/18.31] Column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatE_logN(X)[0.03/0.3]? Upper uncertainty on logN(X)log(cm**-2)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_logN(X)[0.03/0.69]? Lower uncertainty on logN(X)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJ/910/95/table5Column densities and depletionsTargetTarget or Sight-linemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogN(H)[19.57/21.87] log N(H)log(cm**-2)arith.zpfloate_logN(H)[0.02/0.7] Uncertainty in logN(H)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatElElementphys.atmol.elementcharGratGratingmeta.id;instr.setupcharl_logN(X)Limit flag on logN(X)meta.code.errorcharlogN(X)[12.13/18.31] Column densitylog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloate_logN(X)[0.02/0.48]? Uncertainty in logN(X)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_log(X/H)Limit flag on log(X/H)meta.code.errorcharlog(X/H)[2.67/8.97] Abundance, 12+log(X/H)_LMC,gas_phys.abundfloate_log(X/H)[0.03/0.73]? Uncertainty in log(X/H)stat.errorfloatnullablel_d(X)Limit flag for d(X)meta.code.errorchard(X)[-2.1/1.5] Depletionphys.abundfloate_d(X)[0.03/0.73]? Uncertainty in d(X) (1)stat.errorfloatnullable