J/ApJ/910/80ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/910/80doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19100080CDSPanja A.Chen W.P.Dutta S.Sun Y.Gao Y.Mondal S.2023-08-16T14:50:42Z2022-09-19T12:55:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyspectroscopyradial-velocityproper-motionsstellar-distanceWe present comprehensive characterization of the Galactic open cluster M36. Some 200 member candidates, with an estimated contamination rate of ~8%, have been identified on the basis of proper motion and parallax measured by the Gaia DR2. The cluster has a proper motion grouping around ({mu}_{alpha}_cos{delta}=-0.15+/-0.01mas/yr, and {mu}_{delta}_=-3.35+/-0.02mas/yr), distinctly separated from the field population. Most member candidates have parallax values 0.7-0.9mas, with a median value of 0.82+/-0.07mas (distance ~1.20+/-0.13kpc). The angular diameter of 27'+/-0.4' determined from the radial density profile then corresponds to a linear extent of 9.42+/-0.14pc. With an estimated age of ~15Myr, M36 is free of nebulosity. To the southwest of the cluster, we discover a highly obscured (A_V_ up to ~23mag), compact (~1.9'x1.2') dense cloud, within which three young stellar objects in their infancy (ages <~0.2Myr) are identified. The molecular gas, 3.6pc in extent, contains a total mass of (2-3)x10^2^M_{sun}_, and has a uniform velocity continuity across the cloud, with a velocity range of -20 to -22km/s, consistent with the radial velocities of known star members. In addition, the cloud has a derived kinematic distance marginally in agreement with that of the star cluster. If physical association between M36 and the young stellar population can be unambiguously established, this manifests a convincing example of prolonged star formation activity spanning up to tens of Myr in molecular clouds.2021ApJ...910...80Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/910/80CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/297 : NOMAD Catalog (Zacharias+ 2005)II/319 : UKIDSS-DR9 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+ 2012)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)V/164 : LAMOST DR5 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)V/156 : LAMOST DR7 catalogs (Luo+, 2019)II/368 : The Spitzer (SEIP) source list (SSTSL2) (Spitzer Science Center, 2021)J/A+A/352/228 : Transitional YSOs candidates (Magnier+, 1999)J/A+A/357/471 : BV and proper motions in NGC 1960 & NGC 2194 (Sanner+, 2000)J/AZh/80/8 : Proper motions of open star clusters (Loktin+, 2003)J/AJ/126/1916 : JHK photometry of young clusters near the Sun (Porras+, 2003)J/AJ/132/1669 : Wide-field CCD phot. around nine open clusters (Sharma+, 2006)J/A+A/468/151 : Nearby open clusters radii and masses (Piskunov+, 2007)J/AJ/134/2340 : Membership of Praesepe & Coma Berenices (Kraus+, 2007)J/AJ/136/118 : Open clusters as galactic disk tracers. I. (Frinchaboy+, 2008)J/ApJS/179/249 : Low-luminosity embedded protostar population (Dunham+, 2008)J/ApJ/688/1142 : Star formation in W5: Spitzer observations (Koenig+, 2008)J/A+A/495/807 : Shape parameters for 650 open clusters (Kharchenko+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/ApJS/184/18 : Spitzer survey of young stellar clusters (Gutermuth+, 2009)J/MNRAS/399/2146 : Orbits of open clusters in the Galaxy (Wu+, 2009)J/ApJ/770/1 : YSO candidates in G38.9-0.4 region (Alexander+, 2013)J/MNRAS/434/806 : Pre-main-sequence isochrones. II. SFR (Bell+, 2013)J/MNRAS/434/2438 : NGC 1960 (RI)c photometric catalogue (Jeffries+, 2013)J/A+A/575/A120 : DANCe study of M35 (NGC 2168) (Bouy+, 2015)J/MNRAS/454/3597 : NGC 2282 BVI Ha observations (Dutta+, 2015)J/ApJ/831/116 : Phot. and spectroscopy of PMS stars in NGC 2264 (Lim+, 2016)J/ApJ/864/154 : Planck cold clump G108.37-01.06 YSO candidates (Dutta+, 2018)J/A+A/619/A180 : Gaia DR2 phot. sensitivity curves (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2018)J/ApJ/885/131 : ~200 high-mass SFR plx & proper motion with VLBI (Reid+, 2019)J/AJ/159/153 : Optical and IR photR. in the HII region Sh2-242 (Panja+, 2020)J/AJ/161/160 : BINOCS: NEWFIRM & IRAC IR phot. of clusters (Thompson+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/910/80https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/910/80http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/910/80https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/910/80https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/910/80http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/910/80GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/910/80/table1 (Photometry and astrometry of members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/910/80/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/910/80/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/910/80/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.0391388934.123608060.0055555555555555566/24508 245103.9193497546148093e-20 4.621782916333392e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/910/80?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/910/80/table1Photometry and astrometry of membersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/200] Running sequence numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000[83.85/84.32] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[33.92/34.33] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag[8.8/16.3]? Apparent J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.001/0.05]? Uncertainty in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[8.69/15.55] Apparent H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0/0.05]? Uncertainty in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKmag[8.5/15.28] Apparent K band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Kmag[0/0.05]? Uncertainty in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable3.6mag[8/15.1]? Spitzer/IRAC 3.6um band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_3.6mag[0.02/0.1]? Uncertainty in 3.6magmagstat.errorfloatnullable4.5mag[7.7/15]? Spitzer/IRAC 4.5um band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_4.5mag[0.02/0.07]? Uncertainty in 4.5magmagstat.errorfloatnullableGmag[9/19.42] Gaia DR2 broad G band mean magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloate_Gmag[0/0.007] Uncertainty in Gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatBPmag[9/21.13] Gaia DR2 Blue band integrated mean magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloate_BPmag[0.001/0.2] Uncertainty in BPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatRPmag[9/18.11] Gaia DR2 Red band integrated mean magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_RPmag[0.001/0.04] Uncertainty in RPmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatpmRA[-0.62/0.31] Proper motion in RA * cos (DE)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.04/1.02] Uncertainty in pmRAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-3.8/-2.99] Proper motion in DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.03/0.8] Uncertainty in pmDEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatplx[0.7/0.9] Absolute stellar parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.02/0.5] Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatDist[1/1.73] Estimated Gaia DR2 distancekpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_Dist[0.03/0.8] Lower uncertainty in Distkpcstat.errorfloatE_Dist[0.03/2.1] Upper uncertainty in Distkpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatRVel[-20/-5]? LAMOST DR5 radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RVel[5/13]? Uncertainty in RVelkm/sstat.error;spect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableSSTDisplay the Spitzer source list data (II/368) within 2"meta.ref.urlintnullableLAMOSTDisplay the LAMOST -DR4 (V/153) and -DR5 (V/164) within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableGaiaDisplay the Gaia DR2 data (I/345) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar2MASSDisplay the 2MASS (II/246) data within 3"meta.ref.urlchar