J/ApJ/909/121ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/909/121doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19090121CDSMessa M.Calzetti D.Adamo A.Grasha K.Johnson K.E.Sabbi E.,Smith L.J.Bajaj V.Finn M.K.Lin Z.2023-09-05T07:31:32Z2022-09-12T10:02:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersgalaxiesstellar-agesstellar-massesextinctionultraviolet-astronomyvisible-astronomyinfrared-astronomyUsing recently acquired Hubble Space Telescope NIR observations (J, Pa{beta}, and H bands) of the nearby galaxy NGC 1313, we investigate the timescales required by a young star cluster to emerge from its natal cloud. We search for extincted star clusters, potentially embedded in their natal cloud as either (1) compact sources in regions with high H{alpha}/Pa{beta} extinctions or (2) compact HII regions that appear as point-like sources in the Pa{beta} emission map. The NUV-optical-NIR photometry of the candidate clusters is used to derive their ages, masses, and extinctions via a least-{chi}^2^ spectral energy distribution broad- and narrowband fitting process. The 100 clusters in the final samples have masses in the range log_10_(M/M_{sun}_)=2.5-3.5 and moderate extinctions, E(B-V)<~1.0mag. Focusing on the young clusters (0-6Myr), we derive a weak correlation between extinction and age of the clusters. Almost half of the clusters have low extinctions, E(B-V)<0.25mag, already at very young ages (<=3Myr), suggesting that dust is quickly removed from clusters. A stronger correlation is found between the morphology of the nebular emission (compact, partial or absent, both in H{alpha} and Pa{beta}) and cluster age. Relative fractions of clusters associated with a specific nebular morphology are used to estimate the typical timescales for clearing the natal gas cloud, resulting in between 3 and 5Myr, ~1Myr older than what was estimated from NUV-optical-based cluster studies. This difference hints at a bias for optical-only-based studies, which James Webb Space Telescope will address in the coming years.2021ApJ...909..121Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/909/121CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/hst : HST Archived Exposures Catalog (STScI, 2007)I/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)J/ApJ/559/864 : Extragalactic ultracompact H II regions (Johnson+, 2001)J/ApJS/178/247 : H{alpha} and [NII] survey in local 11 Mpc (Kennicutt+, 2008)J/AJ/138/332 : LEDA CMD/tip of the red giant branch (Jacobs+, 2009)J/MNRAS/452/525 : M83 young star cluster light profiles (Ryon+, 2015)J/ApJ/827/33 : PHAT. XVI. Star cluster masses and ages (Johnson+, 2016)J/A+A/601/A146 : M33 mol. clouds and young stellar clusters (Corbelli+, 2017)J/ApJ/841/92 : Young massive star clusters in 2 LEGUS galaxies (Ryon+, 2017)J/ApJS/245/14 : 8um cores in spiral arms of nearby gal. (Elmegreen+, 2019)J/ApJ/895/71 : 8um Cores in NGC 891, NGC 3628 and IC 5052 (Elmegreen+, 2020)J/ApJ/889/154 : LEGUS & Ha-LEGUS obs. of NGC4449 clusters (Whitmore+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/909/121https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/909/121http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/909/121https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/909/121https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/909/121http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/909/121GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/909/121/table3 (Catalog of detected sources included in the final cluster samples)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/909/121/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/909/121/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/909/121/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true49.63122-66.479420.0055555555555555566/33193https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/909/121?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/909/121/table3Catalog of detected sources included in the final cluster samplesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifier (<[MCA2021] CNNN> in Simbad)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[49.49/49.67] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-66.53/-66.46] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_ReffUpper limit flag on Reff (1)meta.code.errorcharReff[0.59/7.2] Effective radiuspcphys.size.radiusfloate_Reff[0.03/6]? Uncertainty in Reffpcstat.errorfloatnullableAge[1/401] AgeMyrtime.ageintb_Age[1/401] Minimum 1{sigma} from best-fit in AgeMyrtime.age;stat.minintB_Age[1/503] Maximum 1{sigma} from best-fit in AgeMyrtime.age;stat.maxintEBV[0/2.5] Color excess E(B-V)magphot.color.excessfloatb_EBV[0/2.5] Minimum 1{sigma} from best-fit in EBVmagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatB_EBV[0.01/2.5] Maximum 1{sigma} from best-fit in EBVmagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatlogM[2/4.8] Log of the masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatb_logM[1.7/4.7] Minimum 1{sigma} from best-fit in logMlog(solMass)phys.mass;stat.minfloatB_logM[2.3/4.9] Maximum 1{sigma} from best-fit in logMlog(solMass)phys.mass;stat.maxfloatChi2[0.2/246] Reduced chi squaredstat.fit.chi2floatCatFinal catalog containing the source (2)meta.codecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar