J/ApJ/908/51ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/908/51CDSFausnaugh M.M.Vallely P.J.Kochanek C.S.Shappee B.J.Stanek K.Z.,Tucker M.A.Ricker G.R.Vanderspek R.Latham D.W.Seager S.Winn J.N.,Jenkins J.M.Berta-Thompson Z.K.Daylan T.Doty J.P.Furesz G.,Levine A.M.Morris R.Pal A.Sha L.Ting E.B.Wohler B.2026-01-13T14:27:05Z2022-07-27T12:30:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometryWe present the early-time light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) observed in the first six sectors of Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data. Ten of these SNe were discovered by ASAS-SN, seven by ATLAS, six by ZTF, and one by Gaia. For nine of these objects with sufficient dynamic range (>3.0mag from detection to peak), we fit power-law models and searched for signatures of companion stars. We found a diversity of early-time light-curve shapes, although most of our sources are consistent with fireball models where the flux increases as {prop}t2. Three SNe displayed a flatter rise with flux {prop}t. We did not find any obvious evidence for additional structures, such as multiple power-law components, in the early rising light curves. For assumptions about the SN properties and the observer viewing angle (ejecta mass of 1.4M{sun}, expansion velocity of 104km/s, opacity of 0.2cm^2^/g, and viewing angle of 45{deg}) and a further assumption that any companion stars would be in Roche lobe overflow, it is possible to place upper limits on the radii of any companion stars. Six of the nine SNe had complete coverage of the early-time light curves, and we placed upper limits on the radii of companion stars of <~32R{sun} for these SNe, <~20R{sun} for five of the six, and <~4R{sun} for two of the six. The small sample size did not allow us to put limits on the occurrence rate of companion stars in the progenitors of SNe Ia. However, we expect that TESS observed enough SNe in its two-year primary mission (26 sectors) to either detect the signature of a large companion (R>20R{sun}) or constrain the occurrence rate of such systems, at least for the fiducial SN properties adopted here. We also show that TESS is capable of detecting emission from a 1R{sun} companion for an SN Ia within 50Mpc and has a reasonable chance of doing so after about six years.2021ApJ...908...51Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/908/51CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014)J/MNRAS/446/3895 : The rising light curves of Type Ia supernovae (Firth+, 2015)J/ApJ/799/105 : KELT light curve of the M82 SN 2014J (Siverd+, 2015)J/ApJ/853/62 : Optical and NIR spectra and LCs of SN2016ija (Tartaglia+, 2018)J/ApJ/870/L1 : K2 observations type Ia supernova SN2018oh (Dimitriadis+, 2019)J/ApJ/883/111 : UV-Opt LCs of ASASSN-19bt detected by TESS (Holoien+, 2019)J/ApJ/870/13 : K2 light curve analysis of ASASSN-18bt (Shappee+, 2019)J/ApJ/886/152 : ZTF early observations of Type Ia SNe. I. LCs (Yao+, 2019)J/ApJ/893/143 : UBVRIJHK & spec. obs. of type Ia SN2019ein (Kawabata+, 2020)J/A+A/634/A37 : TURTLS Light curves of ^56^Ni distributions (Magee+, 2020)J/ApJ/898/56 : UVOT, ZTF gri LCs & spectra of SN Ia 2019yvq (Miller+, 2020)J/ApJ/902/47 : ZTF early obs. of type Ia SNe. II. Rise time (Miller+, 2020)J/ApJ/897/159 : Type Ia supernova SN2019ein UBVgri photo. (Pellegrino+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/908/51https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/908/51http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/908/51https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/908/51https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/908/51http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/908/51GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/908/51/table1 (Properties of the supernova sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/908/51/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/908/51/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/908/51/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true315.0334167-40.35858330.0055555555555555566/16960 17083 17236 17465 17495 17595 17787 17977 21377 22594 23777 33177 33225 33380 33621 33964 34431 34469 34570 35001 35899 36597 39078 48128https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/908/51?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/908/51/table1Properties of the supernova samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNSuper Nova identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryTNSDiscovery survey identifiermeta.idcharmag[14.9/19.2]? Apparent peak magnitudemagphot.magfloatnullableDmag[0.59/4.89]? Differential magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableMAG[-20.9/-16.3]? Absolute magnitude (1)magphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_MAG[0.09/2]? Error in MAGmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharvLv[3.7e+45/3.3e+47]? Luminosity1e-07Wphys.luminositydoublenullablez[0.01/0.09] Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatB-V[0.005/0.3] E(B-V) colormagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatDiscovDiscorvery referencemeta.ref;pos.framecharClassClassification referencemeta.bibcharNote1X = fit with a power law to characterize the early light curve (see section 4)meta.notecharNote2X = searched for signatures of companion stars (section 5)meta.notecharNote3X = flux calibrated across two sectors using a joint fit to both data sets (section 3)meta.notecharNote4X = near strong scattered light backgrounds at the time of first lightmeta.notecharNote5X = affected by pixels with enhanced sensitivity from "straps"meta.notecharNote6X = near bright stars and required detrendingmeta.notecharNobsNumber of observations for the light curvemeta.numberintnullableLCInteractive Plotmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPosition from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJ/908/51/table2TESS supernova light curvesSNSupernova identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharFlux[-30/168] Observed fluxphot.flux.density;em.optfloate_Flux[0.8/5] Uncertainty in Fluxstat.error;phot.fluxfloatAsteroid[0/1] Asteroid flag (1)meta.codeintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTNSDiscovery survey identifiermeta.idcharBJD[1325/1491] Barycentric Julian Date JD-2457000.0dtime.epochdoubleindexedJ/ApJ/908/51/table5*TESS light curvesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[0.001/17] Time since explosiondtime.epochdoubleFlux50[0.006/21.7] 50R* companion model fluxphot.flux;meta.modelleddoublemag50[17/25.9] 50R* companion model apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatFlux25[0.005/12.9] 25R* companion model fluxphot.flux;meta.modelleddoublemag25[17.6/26.1] 25R* companion model apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatFlux10[0.004/6.42] 10R* companion model fluxphot.flux;meta.modelleddoublemag10[18.4/26.3] 10R* companion model apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatFlux5[0.003/3.78] 5R* companion model fluxphot.flux;meta.modelleddoublemag5[18.9/26.5] 5R* companion model apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatFlux1[0.002/1.13] 1R* companion model fluxphot.flux;meta.modelleddoublemag1[20.3/27] 1R* companion model apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatFlux0.5[0.002/0.67] 0.5R* companion model fluxphot.flux;meta.modelleddoublemag0.5[20.8/27.2] 0.5R* companion model apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatFlux0.1[0.0004/0.2] 0.1R* companion model fluxphot.flux;meta.modelleddoublemag0.1[22.2/28.9] 0.1R* companion model apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;meta.modelledfloatJ/ApJ/908/51/refsReferences used for table1recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharAutorMain autorobs.observercharBIBBIBcodemeta.bib.bibcodechar