J/ApJ/905/93ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/905/93doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19050093CDSHosseinzadeh G.Dauphin F.Villar V.A.Berger E.Jones D.O.,Challis P.Chornock R.Drout M.R.Foley R.J.Kirshner R.P.Lunnan R.,Margutti R.Milisavljevic D.Pan Y.-C.Rest A.Scolnic D.M.,Magnier E.Metcalfe N.Wainscoat R.Waters C.2022-09-08T09:22:30Z2022-08-05T08:37:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeredshiftedextinctionstellar-spectral-typesphotometryvisible-astronomyThe classification of supernovae (SNe) and its impact on our understanding of explosion physics and progenitors have traditionally been based on the presence or absence of certain spectral features. However, current and upcoming wide-field time-domain surveys have increased the transient discovery rate far beyond our capacity to obtain even a single spectrum of each new event. We must therefore rely heavily on photometric classification-connecting SN light curves back to their spectroscopically defined classes. Here, we present Superphot, an open-source Python implementation of the machine-learning classification algorithm of Villar+ (2019ApJ...884...83V), and apply it to 2315 previously unclassified transients from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey for which we obtained spectroscopic host-galaxy redshifts. Our classifier achieves an overall accuracy of 82%, with completenesses and purities of >80% for the best classes (SNe Ia and superluminous SNe). For the worst performing SN class (SNe Ibc), the completeness and purity fall to 37% and 21%, respectively. Our classifier provides 1257 newly classified SNe Ia, 521 SNe II, 298 SNe Ibc, 181 SNe IIn, and 58 SLSNe. These are among the largest uniformly observed samples of SNe available in the literature and will enable a wide range of statistical studies of each class.2020ApJ...905...93Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/905/93CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/250 : The VIMOS VLT deep survey (VVDS-DEEP) (Le Fevre+ 2005)VII/259 : 6dF galaxy survey final redshift release (Jones+, 2009)I/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)V/154 : SDSS Release 16 (DR16) (Ahumada+, 2020)J/ApJS/78/1 : Galaxies in 7 clusters 0.35<z<0.55 (Dressler+, 1992)J/ApJ/607/665 : Type Ia supernovae at z>1 discovered by HST (Riess+, 2004)J/ApJS/155/271 : Chandra Deep Field-South: Opt. spectroscopy (Szokoly+, 2004)J/MNRAS/372/425 : 2dF-SDSS Luminous Red Galaxy Survey, 2SLAQ (Cannon+, 2006)J/AJ/132/2409 : Deep ATLAS radio observations of CDFS (Norris+, 2006)J/A+A/474/473 : XMM-LSS survey: AGN classifications (Garcet+, 2007)J/ApJ/659/122 : Improved distances to type Ia supernovae (Jha+, 2007)J/ApJS/172/70 : zCOSMOS-bright catalog (Lilly+, 2007)J/A+A/467/73 : 3{sigma} hard sample of XMDS survey (Tajer+, 2007)J/A+A/477/717 : Spectroscopy of Type Ia supernovae (Bronder+, 2008)J/MNRAS/387/1323 : SDSS photometry of luminous red galaxies (Ross+, 2008)J/A+A/495/53 : Physical properties of VVDS galaxies (Lamareille+, 2009)J/ApJS/182/625 : WIYN spectroscopy in the deep SWIRE field (Owen+, 2009)J/ApJ/696/1195 : COSMOS AGN spectroscopic survey. I. (Trump+, 2009)J/A+A/512/A12 : VLT/VIMOS spectroscopy in GOODS-S field (Balestra+, 2010)J/ApJ/711/928 : Low-redshift Ly{alpha} galaxies from GALEX (Cowie+, 2010)J/MNRAS/401/1429 : WiggleZ dark energy survey (DR1) (Drinkwater+, 2010)J/MNRAS/405/2302 : Improved redshifts for SDSS quasar spectra (Hewett+, 2010)J/MNRAS/401/294 : Optical identification of XMM-LSS sources (Stalin+, 2010)J/A+A/529/A135 : AGN Opt/IR properties in Lockman Hole (Rovilos+, 2011)J/ApJ/738/162 : SN Ia candidates from the SDSS-II SN Survey (Sako+, 2011)J/MNRAS/422/25 : SDSS DR7 groups, clusters and filaments (Smith+, 2012)J/ApJ/769/39 : SN Ibn PS1-12sk optical & NIR light curves (Sanders+, 2013)J/ApJS/213/19 : Optical and near-IR light curves of 64 SNe (Bianco+, 2014)J/ApJ/794/23 : Pan-STARRS1 transients optical photometry (Drout+, 2014)J/MNRAS/441/1802 : Low-redshift QSOs in SDSS Stripe 82 (Karhunen+, 2014)J/ApJ/795/44 : PS1 SNe Ia (0.02<z<0.7) griz light curves (Rest+, 2014)J/ApJ/799/208 : Type IIP supernovae from Pan-STARRS1 (Sanders+, 2015)J/A+A/574/A60 : Light curve templates of SNe Ib/c from SDSS (Taddia+, 2015)J/ApJ/807/178 : Rich galaxy clusters identified in SDSS-DR12 (Wen+, 2015)J/MNRAS/459/3939 : Type II supernova light curves (Valenti+, 2016)J/ApJ/837/120 : Lick Observatory SN Search (LOSS) revisited (Graur+, 2017)J/ApJ/858/77 : DEIMOS 10K sp. survey in COSMOS field (Hasinger+, 2018)J/ApJ/857/51 : Dark energy properties with PS1 SNe. II. (Jones+, 2018)J/ApJ/852/81 : 17 PS1 superluminous SNe LCs + classif. sp. (Lunnan+, 2018)J/A+A/609/A134 : CSP-I photometry for 34 supernovae (Stritzinger+, 2018)J/ApJ/877/81 : The C3R2 survey: DR2 new sp. redshifts (Masters+, 2019)J/ApJ/905/94 : Classif. for PS1-MDS SNe with SuperRAENN (Villar+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/93https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/93http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/905/93https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/93https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/93http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/905/93GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/905/93/table4 (Cross-validation results)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true333.95031.18480.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/905/93/table1 (Host galaxy redshifts from RVSAO (Kurtz & Mink 1998PASP..110..934K))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true53.3663-28.37150.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/905/93/table3 (Classification results)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.23111.84540.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/905/93/table5 (Rare transients)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/905/93/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true52.4718-28.08670.0055555555555555565/1517 1519 1623 1629 2538 2744-2745 2856 4422-4423 4696-4697 4758-4759 6814 8983 8989 6/6047 6073 6090 6112 6114 6120 6491 6513-6515 6521 6524 7178 7200 10147 10150-10151 10156-10158 10741 10743 10749 10933 10935 10941 10955 10958-10959 10984-10985 10992 11402-11403 11428 11430 11432-11434 11520-11521 11523-11524 17682-17683 17686-17687 17713 17716-17717 18762-18763 18766-18767 18793 18796-18797 19026-19027 19030-19031 19057 19060 19456 27239 27244-27245 27247 27250-27251 27262 27333 27344-27345 27348 35931 35953 36104 36106 36128-36130https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/905/93?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/905/93/table4Cross-validation resultsNameTransient Namemeta.id;meta.maincharz[0.0066/1.572] Transient Galaxy Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatE(B-V)[0.0059/0.13] Milky Way E(B-V) (G1)magphot.color.excessfloatSClassSpectroscopic Classificationsrc.spTypecharConf[0.3/1] Classification confidencestat.fit.goodnessfloatPClassPhotometric Classificationmeta.note;photcharchi2[-33/388.5]? Reduced {chi}^2^ statistic (G2)stat.fit.chi2floatnullableR[1/39.2] Maximum Gelman & Rubin (1992StaSc...7..457G) convergence statisticstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSLSN[0/0.99] Classification probability, SLSNstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNII[0/0.982] Classification probability, SNIIstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIIn[0/0.96] Classification probability, SNIInstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIa[0/1] Classification probability, SNIastat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIbc[0/0.74] Classification probability, SNIbcstat.fit.goodnessfloatJ18Display data from Jones+ 2018, J/ApJ/857/51 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPositions from Villar+ 2020, J/ApJ/905/94 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Villar+ 2020, J/ApJ/905/94 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ/ApJ/905/93/table1Host galaxy redshifts from RVSAO (Kurtz & Mink 1998PASP..110..934K)NameTransient namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRareDisplay the rare transient classification (link to Table 5)meta.ref.urlintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCrossDisplay the cross-validatin results (link to Table 4)meta.ref.urlintnullableClassSpectroscopic classification (1)src.classcharRAJ2000Host Right Ascension, decimal degree (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Host Declination, decimal degree (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedMJD[51633/57718]? Modified Julian Date of observation (JD-2400000.5)dtime.epochintnullableindexedTelTelescope ("MMT", "AAT", "WIYN", "SDSS" or "APO")meta.id;instr.telcharzf[0/2.77]? Final redshiftmeta.numberfloatnullablezRVSAO[0.005/1.25] RVSAO redshiftmeta.numberfloatNmatch[1/14] Number, template matchesmeta.id;instr.plateintRCC[0/69.3] Maximum cross-correlation scorestat.correlationfloatClDisplay the classifications for this SN (link to Table 3)meta.ref.urlcharJ18Display data from Jones+ 2018, J/ApJ/857/51 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/905/93/table3Classification resultsNameTransient namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintz[0.035/2.32] Host galaxy redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatE(B-V)[0.0034/0.12] Milky Way E(B-V) (G1)magphot.color.excessfloatPClassPhotometric classification (1)meta.note;photcharConf[0.3/1] Classification confidencestat.fit.goodnessfloatchi2[-687/801.5]? Reduced {chi}^2^ statistic (G2)stat.fit.chi2floatnullableR[1/27.1] Maximum Gelman & Rubin (1992StaSc...7..457G) convergence statisticstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSLSN[0/1] Classification probability, SLSNstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNII[0/0.973] Classification probability, SNIIstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIIn[0/0.95] Classification probability, SNIInstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIa[0/1] Classification probability, SNIastat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIbc[0/0.91] Classification probability, SNIbcstat.fit.goodnessfloatJ18Display data from Jones+ 2018, J/ApJ/857/51 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPositions from Villar+ 2020, J/ApJ/905/94 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Villar+ 2020, J/ApJ/905/94 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/905/93/table5Rare transientsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTransient Namemeta.id;meta.maincharz[0.053/1.4] Transient Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatE(B-V)[0.007/0.1] Milky Way E(B-V) (G1)magphot.color.excessfloatSClassSpectroscopic Classificationsrc.spTypecharPClassPhotometric Classificationmeta.note;photcharConf[0.4/0.9] Classification confidencestat.fit.goodnessfloatchi2[0.9/6.2] Reduced {chi}^2^ statisticstat.fit.chi2floatR[1/3] Maximum Gelman & Rubin (1992StaSc...7..457G) convergence statisticstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSLSN[0/0.853] Classification probability, SLSNstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNII[0/0.83] Classification probability, SNIIstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIIn[0/0.78] Classification probability, SNIInstat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIa[0.03/0.75] Classification probability, SNIastat.fit.goodnessfloatpSNIbc[0/0.78] Classification probability, SNIbcstat.fit.goodnessfloatJ18Display data from Jones+ 2018, J/ApJ/857/51 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPositions from Villar+ 2020, J/ApJ/905/94 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Villar+ 2020, J/ApJ/905/94 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main