J/ApJ/904/146ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/904/146doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19040146CDSFang M.Hillenbrand L.A.Kim J.S.Findeisen K.Herczeg G.J.,Carpenter J.M.Rebull L.M.Wang H.2023-06-09T09:10:06Z2022-03-30T08:39:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsyoung-stellar-objectsvisible-astronomyspectroscopystellar-spectral-typestrigonometric-parallaxWe present a spectroscopic survey of over 3400 potential members in the North America and Pelican Nebulae (NAP) using several low-resolution (R~1300-2000) spectrographs: Palomar/Norris, WIYN/Hydra, Keck/DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS), and the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT)/Hectospec. We identify 580 young stars as likely members of the NAP region based on criteria involving infrared excess, LiI 6708{AA} absorption, X-ray emission, parallax, and proper motions. The spectral types of individual spectra are derived by fitting them with templates that are either empirical spectra of pre-main-sequence stars or model atmospheres. The templates are artificially veiled, and a best-fit combination of spectral type and veiling parameter is derived for each star. We use the spectral types with archival photometry to derive V-band extinction and stellar luminosity. From the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, the median age of the young stars is about 1Myr, with a luminosity dispersion of ~0.3-0.4dex. We investigate the photometric variability of the spectroscopic member sample using Zwicky Transient Facility data and conclude that photometric variability, while present, does not significantly contribute to the luminosity dispersion. While larger than the formal errors, the luminosity dispersion is smaller than if veiling were not taken into account in our spectral typing process. The measured ages of the stellar kinematic groups, combined with the inferred ages for embedded stellar populations revealed by Spitzer, suggest a sequential history of star formation in the NAP region.2020ApJ...904..146Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/904/146CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/82 : Galactic O-type Stars (Garmany+ 1982)I/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)VII/7 : Lynds' Catalogue of Dark Nebulae (LDN) (Lynds 1962)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/ApJ/573/366 : Infrared photometry of Trapezium cluster (Muench+, 2002)J/A+A/504/461 : YSOs in L1630N and L1641 (Fang+, 2009)J/ApJ/697/787 : The NAN complex. I. IRAC observations (Guieu+, 2009)J/ApJS/193/25 : The NAN complex. II. MIPS observations (Rebull+, 2011)J/ApJS/207/5 : YSOs in LDN 1641 with Hectochelle spectra (Fang+, 2013)J/A+A/551/A107 : X-shooter spectra of 24 young stellar objects (Manara+, 2013)J/ApJ/786/97 : Photospheric properties of T Tauri stars (Herczeg+, 2014)J/AJ/147/46 : Properties of clumps in the NAN complex (Zhang+, 2014)J/A+A/602/A115 : X-ray survey of NGC7000/IC5070 (Damiani+, 2017)J/AJ/153/188 : Spectro. of the foreground population in Orion A (Fang+, 2017)J/A+A/605/A86 : Pre-main sequence stars VLT/X-Shooter spectra (Manara+, 2017)J/A+A/627/A135 : VRI photometry of IC5070 variable stars (Bhardwaj+, 2019)J/ApJ/899/128 : Validated & new members NGC7000/IC5070 Complex (Kuhn+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/904/146https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/904/146http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/904/146https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/904/146https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/904/146http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/904/146GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/904/146/table3 (Young stars in North America Nebula and Pelican Nebulae Region)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true312.211291743.83047220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/904/146/table4 (Young stars in North America Nebula and Pelican)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true312.211291743.83047220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/904/146/table6 (List of nonmembers of NAP with infrared excess in our sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/904/146/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true312.299916744.236750.0055555555555555565/3842 6/14679 14685 14687 15360 15362-15363https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/904/146?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/904/146/table3Young stars in North America Nebula and Pelican Nebulae RegionSeq[1/579] Sequential running number identifier (1)meta.id;meta.mainintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[20]? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000[43/45]? Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableInstTelescope used (Deimos, Hecto, Hydra, Norris)meta.id;instrcharSpTSpectral type derived with veilingsrc.spTypecharf_r7465Flag on veiling, H=Highmeta.codecharr7465[0.01/3.54]? Veiling at 7465{AA}phys.absorptionfloatnullableSpT2Spectral type derived w/o veilingsrc.spTypecharTemp[1/2]? Templates used for SpT2 derivation (2)instr.calibintnullableJ/ApJ/904/146/table4Young stars in North America Nebula and PelicanrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/580] Sequential running number identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryRAJ2000[20] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[43/45] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTAdopted Spectral typesrc.spTypechare_SpT[0/7.5]? Spectral type subclass uncertaintystat.errorfloatnullablef_r7465Veiling flag, H=Highmeta.codecharr7465[0/3.09]? Veiling at 7465 Angstromsphys.absorptionfloatnullableQ[1/3]? Ranking for the spectral classificationmeta.codeintnullableTeff[2729/19000]? Surface effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableAvmag-m1[0/16.8]? Reddening, V band, model w/fixed r7465 (1)magphot.mag.reddFree;em.opt.VfloatnullableLstar-m1[0.01/2368]? Luminosity, solar units, model w/fixed r7465 (1)solLumphys.luminosity;em.optdoublenullableAvmag-m2[0/10]? Reddening, V band, model w/varying r7465 (1)magphot.mag.reddFree;em.opt.VfloatnullableLstar-m2[0.01/2368]? Luminosity, solar units, model w/varying r7465 (1)solLumphys.luminosity;em.optdoublenullableAvmag-m[0/16.8]? Reddening V band, model, adopted (1)magphot.mag.reddFree;em.opt.VfloatnullableLstar-m[0.01/2368]? Luminosity, solar units, model, adopted (1)solLumphys.luminosity;em.optdoublenullableAvmag-t1[0/8.6]? Reddening, V band, template w/fixed r7465 (2)magphot.mag.reddFree;em.opt.VfloatnullableLstar-t1[0.01/25]? Luminosity, solar units, template w/fixed r7465 (2)solLumphys.luminosity;em.optfloatnullableAvmag-t2[0/8.6]? Reddening, V band, template w/varying r7465 (2)magphot.mag.reddFree;em.opt.VfloatnullableLstar-t2[0.01/25]? Luminosity, solar units, template w/varying r7465 (2)solLumphys.luminosity;em.optfloatnullableAvmag-t[0/8.6]? Reddening, V band, template, adopted (2)magphot.mag.reddFree;em.opt.VfloatnullableLstar-t[0.01/25]? Luminosity, solar units, template, adopted (2)solLumphys.luminosity;em.optfloatnullableNobsNumber of observations (table3)meta.numberintnullablevarYSO criteria, variable (3)meta.codecharIREYSO criteria, showing infrared excessmeta.codecharLiYSO criteria, showing Li I 6708A absorptionmeta.codecharXrayYSO criteria, having a X-ray counterpartmeta.codecharJ/ApJ/904/146/table6List of nonmembers of NAP with infrared excess in our sampleSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/40] Sequential running number identifiermeta.id;meta.numberintNameDesignationmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[20/21] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[43/45] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainplx[-0.71/1.08]? Gaia DR2 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx[0.01/0.7]? Uncertainty in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullableSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypechar