J/ApJ/903/73ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/903/73doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19030073CDSShishkovsky L.Strader J.Chomiuk L.Tremou E.Tudor V.,Miller-Jones J.C.A.Bahramian A.Heinke C.O.Maccarone T.J.,Sivakoff G.R.2022-09-30T21:31:17Z2022-02-17T14:16:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersradio-sourcessurveysThe MAVERIC survey is the first deep radio continuum imaging survey of Milky Way globular clusters, with a central goal of finding and classifying accreting compact binaries, including stellar-mass black holes. Here we present radio source catalogs for 25 clusters with ultra-deep Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations. The median observing time was 10 hr per cluster, resulting in typical rms sensitivities of 2.3 and 2.1{mu}Jy per beam at central frequencies of 5.0 and 7.2GHz, respectively. We detect nearly 1300 sources in our survey at 5{sigma}, and while many of these are likely to be background sources, we also find strong evidence for an excess of radio sources in some clusters. The radio spectral index distribution of sources in the cluster cores differs from the background, and shows a bimodal distribution. We tentatively classify the steep-spectrum sources (those much brighter at 5.0GHz) as millisecond pulsars and the flat-spectrum sources as compact or other kinds of binaries. These provisional classifications will be solidified with the future addition of X-ray and optical data. The outer regions of our images represent a deep, relatively wide-field (~0.4deg^2^) and high-resolution C band background survey, and we present source counts calculated for this area. We also release radio continuum images for these 25 clusters to the community.2020ApJ...903...73Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/903/73CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+AS/58/1 : 1412MHz catalog of Westerbork survey. I. (Windhorst+, 1984)J/ApJ/405/498 : Counts and spectral indices at 8.44GHz (Windhorst+, 1993)J/AJ/129/348 : Radio compact HII regions in the Milky Way (Giveon+, 2005)J/AJ/135/2470 : Radio observations of the HDFS region. IV. (Huynh+, 2008)J/ApJS/205/1 : CORNISH project. II. Source catalog (Purcell+, 2013)J/MNRAS/454/952 : Chandra Deep Field-South ATLAS 5.5GHz DR2 (Huynh+, 2015)J/A+A/602/A1 : VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project (Smolcic+, 2017)J/MNRAS/472/3706 : Globular cluster 47 Tuc with Chandra (Bhattacharya+, 2017)J/MNRAS/478/1520 : Milky Way globular clusters data (Baumgardt+, 2018)J/A+A/621/A139 : VLA-COSMOS 3GHz sources average radio SED (Tisanic+, 2019)J/ApJ/901/57 : MAVERIC survey: Chandra sources in 38 GCs (Bahramian+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/903/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/903/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/903/73https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/903/73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/903/73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/903/73GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/903/73/table2 (Information for our cluster and images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true323.3623333-0.82302780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/903/73/table3 (Radio continuum sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true323.40149167-0.852816670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/903/73/table1 (Epochs of VLA data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/903/73/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true323.3625833-0.823250.0055555555555555566/9436 9666 10336-10337 19091 28888-28889 28970 28972-28973 29184 29216 29218 29233 29267 29291 29377 29636 29870 30321 30769 31019 31043 31115 31416-31417 42841 42955 47971 48035 48434https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/903/73?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/903/73/table2Information for our cluster and imagesSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDGlobular cluster identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000[13/21] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDist[1.8/24] Distance (1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatCRad[1.8/108] Core radius (1)arcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatHLRad[28.8/260] Half-light radius (1)arcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatExp[5/12] Total integration timehtime.expointExpOS[3.2/9] On-source exposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposurefloatnulow[4.9/5.3] {nu} lowGHzem.freqfloatbeamlowa[0.35/1.54] Beam, {nu}-low, major axis lengtharcsecphys.angSizefloatbeamlowb[0.36/1.16] Beam, {nu}-low, minor axis lengtharcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatrmslow[1.7/3.8] Noise, {nu}-lowuJy/beaminstr.det.noisefloatnuhi[6.8/7.4] {nu} highGHzem.freqfloatbeamhia[0.3/1.14] Beam, {nu} high, major axis lengtharcsecphys.angSizefloatbeamhib[0.26/0.72] Beam, {nu} high, minor axis lengtharcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatrmshi[1.6/4] Noise, {nu} highuJy/beaminstr.det.noisefloatB20Display data from Bahramian+, 2020, J/ApJ/901/57meta.ref.urlintnullableNobsNumber of VLA observations (link to Table 1)meta.numberintnullableNradNumber of radio sources in this cluster (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableJ/ApJ/903/73/table3Radio continuum sourcesIDGlobular cluster identifiermeta.id.part;meta.maincharVLAIdentifier within Cluster (VLANN; <[SSC2020] {ID}-VLANN> in Simbad)meta.id.part;meta.maincharl_S7GHzLimit flag for S7GHz (1)meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRA_ICRS[13/21] Hour of Right Ascension (ICRS)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDegree of Declination (ICRS)pos.eq.dec;meta.maineRA[0.03/0.14]? Positional uncertainty on RAarcsecstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullableeDE[0.03/0.13]? Positional uncertainty on DECarcsecstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatnullableS5GHz[5/19014] Flux density in the lower subband (1)uJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.3-6GHzfloate_S5GHz[-8/14.5] Uncertainty in S5GHz (1)uJystat.errorfloatS7GHz[4/12724] Flux density in the higher subband (1)uJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloate_S7GHz[-12/17] Uncertainty in S7GHz (1)uJystat.errorfloatRad[0.04/3.8] Projected radius from the cluster centerarcminphys.angSizefloatalpha[-3.41/1.5]? Spectral index {alpha} of source, for S~{nu}^{alpha}^spect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha[0.01/1.3]? Lower uncertainty in {alpha}stat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullableE_alpha[0.01/1.2]? Upper uncertainty in {alpha}stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_S5GHzLimit flag for S5GHz (1)meta.code.errorcharNoteSource note (2)meta.notecharlocSource is within core (r_c_) or half-light (r_h_) radiusmeta.notel_alphaLimit flag for {alpha}meta.code.error;pos.eq.racharJ/ApJ/903/73/table1Epochs of VLA dataIDGlobular cluster identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateObservation date (UT)time.epoch;obsnullableExp[1/5] Observation timehtime.expofloatPIDProject codemeta.id;obschar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main