J/ApJ/902/133ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/902/133doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19020133CDSKreter M.Kadler M.Krauss F.Mannheim K.Buson S.Ojha R.,Wilms J.Bottcher M.2022-06-13T12:01:33Z2022-05-11T15:02:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleigamma-ray-astronomyquasarsBlazar jets are extreme environments, in which relativistic proton interactions with an ultraviolet photon field could give rise to photopion production. High-confidence associations of individual high-energy neutrinos with blazar flares could be achieved via spatially and temporally coincident detections. In 2017, the track-like, extremely high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A was found to coincide with increased {gamma}-ray emission from the blazar TXS0506+056, leading to the identification of the most promising neutrino point-source candidate so far. We calculate the expected number of neutrino events that can be detected with IceCube, based on a broadband parameterization of bright short-term blazar flares that were observed in the first 6.5yr of Fermi/Large Area Telescope observations. We find that the integrated keV-to-GeV fluence of most individual blazar flares is far too small to yield a substantial Poisson probability for the detection of one or more neutrinos with IceCube. We show that the sample of potentially detectable high-energy neutrinos from individual blazar flares is rather small. We further show that the blazars 3C 279 and PKS 1510-089 dominate the all-sky neutrino prediction from bright and short-term blazar flares. In the end, we discuss strategies to search for more significant associations in future data unblindings of IceCube and KM3NeT.2020ApJ...902..133Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/902/133CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/743/171 : The 2LAC catalog (Ackermann+, 2011)J/ApJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)J/ApJ/810/14 : Third catalog of LAT-detected AGNs (3LAC) (Ackermann+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/51 : {gamma}-ray to IR study of the blazar CTA 102 (Casadio+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/117 : VERITAS gamma-ray TeV LCs of 6 blazars (Turley+, 2016)J/ApJS/245/18 : 9yr R-band photopolarimetric data of 3C 279 (Fraija+, 2019)J/ApJ/880/32 : Opt./{gamma}-ray flares for Fermi-LAT blazars (Liodakis+, 2019)J/ApJ/891/68 : MgII, FeII & 3000{AA} LCs of CTA102 (Chavushyan+, 2020)J/ApJS/257/37 : Multiwavelength data for 3C 279 & 3C 454.3 (Paliya+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/902/133https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/902/133http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/902/133https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/902/133https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/902/133http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/902/133GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/902/133/table1 (Neutrino expectation for the 50 best-ranked flares for 7 sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/133/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/133/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/902/133/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true194.0465267-5.78931330.0055555555555555566/19398 20099 25818 26131 34517 43366 44908https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/902/133?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/ApJ/902/133/table1Neutrino expectation for the 50 best-ranked flares for 7 sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSourcemeta.id.parentcharNfNumber of flares for this sourcemeta.numberintnullableFlag[*] *=flares with quasi-simultaneous datameta.code.errorcharFlare[1/50] Flare numbermeta.idintphiGam[66603/260238] Time-averaged integrated {gamma}-ray energy flux, in erg/cm^2^/s/daymW.m**-2.d**-1phot.flux;em.gammainttmin[55408/57609] Flare start, Modified Julian Date (JD-2400000.5)dtime.startinttmax[55447/57610] Flare stop, Modified Julian Date (JD-2400000.5)dtime.endintNnuMax[0.01/11.71] Maximum number of neutrino eventsmeta.numberfloatNnuPred[0.027/29.3] Predicted neutrino number for each flare (N_{nu}_^pred^=f*NnuMax with f=0.025; see Section 2.3)meta.numberfloatDur[1/240] Durationdtime.durationintNdotnu[0.27/3.32] Neutrino rate per flarearith.rate;phys.particle.neutrinofloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions of the blazar source from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions of the blazar source from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main