J/ApJ/900/L34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/900/L34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.19009034CDSMassaro F.Capetti A.Paggi A.Baldi R.D.Tramacere A.Pillitteri I.,Campana R.2022-05-18T13:12:10Z2022-02-15T12:50:11ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbl-lacertae-objectsradio-galaxiesredshiftedactive-galactic-nucleiThe most elusive and extreme subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), known as BL Lac objects, shows features that can only be explained as the result of relativistic effects occurring in jets pointing at a small angle with respect to the line of sight. A longstanding issue is the identification of the BL Lac parent population with jets oriented at larger angles. According to the "unification scenario" of AGNs, radio galaxies with low luminosity and an edge-darkened radio morphology are the most promising candidate parent population of BL Lacs. Here we compare the large-scale environment, an orientation-independent property, of well-defined samples of BL Lacs with samples of radio galaxies all lying in the local universe. Our study reveals that BL Lacs and radio galaxies live in significantly different environments, challenging predictions of the unification scenario. We propose a solution to this problem proving that large-scale environments of BL Lacs are statistically consistent with those of compact radio sources, known as FR 0s, and share similar properties. This implies that highly relativistic jets are ubiquitous and are the natural outcome of the accretion of gas into the deep gravitational potential well produced by supermassive black holes.2020ApJ...900L..34Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/900/L34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)VII/274 : The Roma BZCAT - 5th edition (Massaro+, 2015)VIII/92 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 2014Dec17 (Helfand+ 2015)J/ApJS/167/1 : Galaxy groups and clusters from SDSS (Berlind+, 2006)J/ApJS/171/61 : All-Sky Survey of Flat-Spectrum Radio Sources (Healey+, 2007)J/ApJ/752/61 : Blazars in unidentified {gamma}-ray sources (Massaro+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/68 : WISE IR colors of gamma-ray blazars (D'Abrusco+, 2012)J/ApJ/752/61 : Blazars in unidentified {gamma}-ray sources (Massaro+, 2012)J/AJ/146/120 : MOJAVE. X. Parsec-scale kinematics of AGNs (Lister+, 2013)J/MNRAS/442/1693 : Gamma-ray-loud blazars opt. polarization (Pavlidou+, 2014)J/A+A/598/A49 : FRICAT. FIRST cat. of FR I radio galaxies (Capetti+, 2017)J/A+A/601/A81 : FIRST catalog of FR II radio galaxies (Capetti+, 2017)J/A+A/609/A1 : FR0CAT. a FIRST cat. of FR 0 radio galaxies (Baldi+, 2018)J/ApJ/878/11 : Type 1 vs 2 X-ray-selected COSMOS AGNs & env. (Zou+, 2019)J/ApJS/247/33 : Fermi LAT fourth source catalog (4FGL) (Abdollahi+, 2020)J/ApJS/247/71 : Large-scale environment of radio gal. II. (Massaro+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/900/L34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/900/L34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/900/L34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/900/L34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/900/L34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/900/L34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/900/L34/table1 (Environmental parameters for all analyzed)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/900/L34/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/900/L34/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/900/L34/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true17.2186667-0.65538890.0055555555555555566/4156 4188-4189 4224 4252 4289 4308 4315 4317 4342 4354 4408 4432 4442 4486 4491 4498 4515 4521 4557 4611 4614 4639 4647 4660 4680 4705 4715 4731 4754 4808 4901 4947 4988 4993 5023 5031 5061 5067 5087 5091 5234 5260 5278 5340 5360 5369-5370 5378 5382 5394 5423 5473 5492 5515 5517-5518 5521 5525 5528 5536 5538 5545 5549 5551-5552 5554 5563 5567 5571 5606 5616 5618 5624 5626 5644 5666 5680 5691 5712 5714 5719 5774 5798 5800 5855 5889 5912 5918 5931 5958-5959 5975 5979-5980 5988 5991 5993 6025 6044-6045 6058 6065 6067 6088 6106 6209 6212 6236 6241 6248 6268 6396 6434 6436 6454 6489 6502 6520 6526 6528 6534 6571 6593 6598 6612 6620 6637 6641 6647 6651 6933 7192 7214 7261 7266-7267 7271 7290 7310-7311 7330 7345 7361 7395 7450 7458 7518 7560 8218 8239 8247 8258 8268 8273 8296-8298 8320 8369 8387 8393-8394 8418 8438 8440 8442 8444 8469 8476 8479 8488 8515 8521 8526 8579 8624 8647 8659 8669 8674 8693 8705 8741 8764 8776 8821 8921 8938 8943 8956 8962 8977 8986 9013 9026 9029 9037 9049 9051 9060 9063 9073 9078 9088 9127 9168 9184 9200 9261 9264 9269 9275 9281-9282 9288 9316 9321 9333 9350 9368 9370 9413 9429 9470-9471 9606 9611-9613 9626 9754 9773 9795 9820 9827 9839 9877 9879-9880 9886 9892 9894 9922 9931 9956 10147 10182 10297 10305 10310 10317 10321 10332 10339 10345 10364 10387 10435 10471 10492 10523 10525 10538 10605 10691 10737 10740 10868 10874 10910 10914 10959 10962 10974 10979 11001 11029 11049 11076 11106 11126 11139 11158 11205 11238 11242 11255 11287 11320 11344 11349 11369 11405 11429 11440 11462 11499 11535 11831 11841 11846 13457 17495 17522 17999 18008-18009 21976 22397 25589 25596 25847 25910 25964 25970 25977 26060 26069 26085 26095 26104 26165 26182 26210 26212 26219 26291 26318 26322 26364 26375 26397 26406 26422 26447 26469-26470 26492 26495 26507 26521 26547 26584 26590 26619 26939 26949 26951 27022 27095-27096 27133 27225 27228 27238 27248 27347 27362 27390 27413 27419 27422 27455 27457 27478 27491 27527 27537 27543 27590 27643 27661 27668 27675 27679 27688 27722 27726 27750 27798 27803 27851 27859-27860 27910 27960 28040 28042 28058 28075 28115 28192 28215 28249 28256 28276 28292-28293 28334 28352 28354 28367 28372 28387 28393 28398 28409 28414-28415 28430-28431 28455 28467 28479 28481 28492 28494 28530 28548 28565 28567 28622 28643 28654-28655 31357 31399 31405 31419-31420 31423 31426 31432 31471 31550 31631 31643 31679 31695 31731 32413 32436 32483 32489 32491 32683https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/900/L34?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/900/L34/table1Environmental parameters for all analyzedSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablez[0.01/0.15] Source redshiftsrc.redshiftdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSampleSample (1)src.samplecharNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.maindz[0/0.005] Redshift offset (2)src.redshift;arith.difffloatdproj[0/1891] Projected separation (3)kpcpos.distancefloatN500[0/38] Number of cosmological neighbors within 500kpcmeta.numberfloatN1000[0/92] Number of cosmological neighbors within 1000kpcmeta.numberfloatN2000[0/164] Number of cosmological neighbors within 2000kpcmeta.numberfloatFIRSTDisplay the FIRST data (VIII/92) within 5"meta.ref.urlintnullableSloanDisplay the online SDSS-DR14 data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar