J/ApJ/896/18ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/896/18doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18960018CDSPatil P.Nyland K.Whittle M.Lonsdale C.Lacy M.Lonsdale C.,Mukherjee D.Trapp A.C.Kimball A.E.Lanz L.Wilkes B.J.Blain A.,Harwood J.J.Efstathiou A.Vlahakis C.2022-03-07T07:27:35Z2021-11-02T09:53:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsradio-sourcesinfrared-sourcesWe present new subarcsecond-resolution Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) imaging at 10GHz of 155 ultraluminous (Lbol~10^11.7^-10^14.2^L_{sun}_) and heavily obscured quasars with redshifts z~0.4-3. The sample was selected to have extremely red mid-infrared-optical color ratios based on data from the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) along with a detection of bright, unresolved radio emission from the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) or Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty cm Survey. Our high-resolution VLA observations have revealed that the majority of the sources in our sample (93 out of 155) are compact on angular scales <0.2 (<=1.7kpc at z~2). The radio luminosities, linear extents, and lobe pressures of our sources are similar to young radio active galactic nuclei (e.g., gigahertz-peaked spectrum [GPS] and compact steep-spectrum [CSS] sources), but their space density is considerably lower. Application of a simple adiabatic lobe expansion model suggests relatively young dynamical ages (~10^4-7yr^), relatively high ambient ISM densities (~1-10^4^cm^-3^), and modest lobe expansion speeds (~30-10000km/s). Thus, we find our sources to be consistent with a population of newly triggered, young jets caught in a unique evolutionary stage in which they still reside within the dense gas reservoirs of their hosts. Based on their radio luminosity function and dynamical ages, we estimate that only ~20% of classical large-scale FR I/II radio galaxies could have evolved directly from these objects. We speculate that the WISE-NVSS sources might first become GPS or CSS sources, of which some might ultimately evolve into larger radio galaxies.2020ApJ...896...18Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/896/18CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/65 : 1.4GHz NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) (Condon+ 1998)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)VIII/92 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 2014Dec17 (Helfand+ 2015)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)J/MNRAS/204/151 : Bright radio sources at 178 MHz (3CRR) (Laing+ 1983)J/A+A/363/887 : High frequency peakers. I. (Dallacasa+, 2000)J/A+A/369/380 : CSS/GPS radio sources VLA observations (Fanti+, 2001)J/MNRAS/346/627 : CENSORS (Combined EIS-NVSS Survey) catalog (Best+, 2003)J/AJ/129/1198 : SDSS quasars in SWIRE ELAIS N1 field (Hatziminaoglou+, 2005)J/AJ/133/186 : Opt. spectroscopy of 77 luminous AGNs and QSOs (Lacy+, 2007)J/AN/330/223 : High frequency peakers: faint sample (Stanghellini+, 2009)J/MNRAS/408/2261 : Compact steep spectra (Kunert-Bajraszewska+, 2010)J/MNRAS/421/1569 : Properties of 18286 SDSS radio galaxies (Best+, 2012)J/AJ/144/49 : Quasars from SDSS-DR7, WISE and UKIDSS surveys (Wu+, 2012)J/ApJ/772/26 : AGN with WISE. II. The NDWFS Bootes field (Assef+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/24 : Spitzer MIR AGN survey. I. (Lacy+, 2013)J/MNRAS/445/955 : Radio-AGN feedback for 0.5<z<1 (Best+, 2014)J/MNRAS/438/796 : Local radio-galaxy population at 20GHz (Sadler+, 2014)J/ApJ/804/27 : NIR photometry of hot dust-obscured galaxies (Assef+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/45 : ALMA observations in z~0.5-3 quasars (Lonsdale+, 2015)J/ApJ/805/90 : WISE ELIRGs and comparison with QSOs (Tsai+, 2015)J/ApJ/818/105 : CNSS pilot survey (Mooley+, 2016)J/MNRAS/458/2221 : ATLAS3D Project. XXXI (Nyland+, 2016)J/A+A/598/A78 : The GMRT 150MHz all-sky radio survey (Intema+, 2017)J/MNRAS/464/3882 : Mergers and galaxy-galaxy interactions (Weston+, 2017)J/A+A/609/A1 : FR0CAT: FIRST catalog of FR0 radio galaxies (Baldi+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/34 : Deep JVLA imaging of GOODS-N at 20cm (Owen, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/896/18https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/896/18http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/896/18https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/896/18https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/896/18http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/896/18GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/896/18/sample (Observational details (Table B1) and beam sizes and source measurements of our (Table C1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/896/18/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/896/18/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/896/18/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.149578.12144440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/896/18/tablec2 (Source spatial measurements for the VLA A- and B-array observations: results from JMFIT)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/896/18/tablec2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/896/18/tablec2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/896/18/tablec2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.1496583378.121430560.0055555555555555566/54 180 361 863 1020 1097 1531 1587 1916 2301 2554 3839 4222 4770 5010 5020 5409 5495 6046 6162 6444 6700 6774 7042 7053 7128 7451 7743 8365 8397 8612 8763 9164 9173 9342 9638 10084 10119 10579 10834 10984-10985 11149 11700 12016 12099 12114 12130 12208 12658 12702 13495 13655 15240 16302 16538 17036 17111 17214 17313 18259 18283 18293 18381 18564 18627 18640 18716 18762 18793 18866 18956 19029 19085 19350 19679 20209 20382 20414 20509 20512 20640 20665 20678 20745 20840 20871 20882 21083 21121 21350 21456 21489 21778 22721 22785 23370 23413 23433 25674 25929 27016-27017 27259 27285 27340 28025 28045 28272 29364 29812 30080 30724 30806 30814 30931 30941 31011 31119 31408 32495 34259 34549 34656 34719 35769 35892 35901 36117 36209 39720 39727 39864 40338 40505 43389 43867 43904 44061 44277 44426 44537 44560 44606 45004 47019 47041 47478 47924 47966 48165 48241 48543 48620 48658https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/896/18?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/896/18/sampleObservational details (Table B1) and beam sizes and source measurements of our (Table C1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintANameAbbreviated name used in this work (JHHMM+DD)meta.idcharprimaryzRedshift available for this quasar (link to Table C3)meta.ref.urlintnullableExExtended source data (link to Table E1)meta.ref.urlintnullableWISEWISE positional identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharObsA[2012]? Observation Year, A-arraytime.epochnullableRMSA[13/97]? 1{sigma} rms noise level, A-array continuum imageuJy/beaminstr.det.noise;spect.continuum;obs.imageintnullablel_SNALimit flag on SN-Ameta.code.errorcharSNA[3.5/2599.0]? Signal-to-noise, A-arraystat.snrfloatnullableq_SNAQuality flag, A-array (1)meta.code.qualcharObsB[2012]? Observation Year, B-arraytime.epochnullableRMSB[12/397]? 1{sigma} rms noise level, B-array continuum imageuJy/beaminstr.det.noise;obs.image;spect.continuumintnullableSNB[3/2142]? Signal-to-noise ration, B-arraystat.snrintnullableq_SNBQuality flag, B-array (1)meta.code.qualcharNmesNumber of spatial measurements for this quasar (link to Table C2)meta.numberintnullableArray[AB] VLA array of the best continuum imageinstr.setupcharMorphSource morphology (2)meta.code;src.morphcharaA[0.2/1.5]? Major axis, synthesized beam, A-arrayarcsecphys.angSizefloatnullablebA[0.1/0.5]? Minor axis, synthesized beam, A-arrayarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullablePAA[-81/89]? Position angle, synthesized beam, A-array, measured anti-clockwise from Northdegpos.posAng;instr.beamintnullableSpeakA[0.15/44.94]? X band (8-12GHz) peak flux density of the A-array imagemJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_SpeakA[0.01/1.35]? Uncertainty in Speak-AmJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableStotA[0.18/45.1]? Integrated flux of source A-array imagemJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_StotA[0.02/1.35]? Uncertainty in Stot-AmJystat.errorfloatnullableaB[0.6/2.9]? Major axis, synthesized beam, B-arrayarcsecphys.angSizefloatnullablebB[0.4/0.9]? Minor axis, synthesized beam, B-arrayarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullablePAB[-180/87]? Position angle, synthesized beam, B-array, measured anti-clockwise from Northdegpos.posAng;instr.beamintnullableSpeakB[0.08/60.55]? X band (8-12GHz) peak flux density of the B-array imagemJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_SpeakB[0.01/1.82]? Uncertainty in Speak-BmJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableStotB[0.16/60.66]? Integrated flux of source B-array imagemJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_StotB[0.04/4.52]? Uncertainty in Stot-BmJystat.errorfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from WISE names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from WISE names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/896/18/tablec2Source spatial measurements for the VLA A- and B-array observations: results from JMFITl_aA0Limit flag for aA0 (3)meta.code.errorcharbB0[0/11210]? Deconvolved source size, minor axis (3)masphys.sizeintnullablel_bB0Limit flag for bB0 (3)meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintANameAbbreviated name used in this workmeta.idcharprimaryWISEWISE positional identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharRegRegion/Source component (1)obs.fieldcharRAJ2000? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullabledRA[-17/20]? Separation in arcseconds in RA from Reg 1 (2)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullableDEJ2000? Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullabledDE[-9.6/8.4]? Separation in arcseconds in DE from Reg 1 (2)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullableaA0[8/2870]? Deconvolved source size, major axis (3)masphys.size.diameterintnullablee_aA0[1/101]? Uncertainty in aA0 (3)masstat.errorintnullablel_bA0Limit flag for bA0 (3)meta.code.errorcharbA0[0/1160]? Deconvolved source size, minor axis (3)masphys.sizeintnullablee_bA0[0/91]? Uncertainty in aA0 (3)masstat.errorintnullablePAA0[0/180]? Deconvolved source position angle (4)degpos.posAngintnullablee_PAA0[0/78]? Uncertainty in PAA0 (4)degstat.errorintnullableSpeakA[0.13/45]? Peak flux density of the A-array sourcemJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_SpeakA[0.01/1.4]? Uncertainty in SpeakAmJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableStotA[0.16/45.1]? Integrated flux of A-array sourcemJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_StotA[0.02/1.4]? Uncertainty in StotAmJystat.errorfloatnullableRAB? Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ranullabledRAB[-17/64]? Separation in arcseconds in RA from Reg 1 (2)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.difffloatnullableDEB? Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.decnullabledDEB[-41.1/23.2]? Separation in arcseconds in DE from Reg 1 (2)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.difffloatnullablel_aB0Limit flag for aB0 (3)meta.code.errorcharaB0[0/23490]? Deconvolved source size, major axis (3)masphys.size.diameterintnullablee_aB0[2/1592]? Uncertainty in aB0 (3)masstat.errorintnullablee_bB0[2/353]? Uncertainty in bB0 (3)masstat.errorintnullablePAB0[0/180]? Deconvolved source position angle (4)degpos.posAngintnullablee_PAB0[0/71]? Uncertainty in PAB0 (4)degstat.errorintnullableSpeakB[0.08/61]? Peak flux density of the B-array sourcemJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_SpeakB[0.01/2]? Uncertainty in SpeakBmJy/beamstat.errorfloatnullableStotB[0.16/61]? Integrated flux of B-array sourcemJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullablee_StotB[0.03/4.5]? Uncertainty in StotBmJystat.errorfloatnullablealphaIB[-4.7/4.8]? In-band spectral index (5)spect.indexfloatnullablee_alphaIB[0/2]? Uncertainty in alphaIBstat.errorfloatnullableSN[3/2183]? Source detection signal-to-noise ratio (6)stat.snrintnullableJ/ApJ/896/18/tablec3Physical properties for our sources with redshift availablel_bminUpper limit flag on minor axis (1)meta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintANameAbbreviated name used in this workmeta.idcharz[0.3/2.85] Quasar redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatRegRegion/Source componentobs.fieldcharl_amajUpper limit flag on major axis (1)meta.code.errorcharamaj[0.1/147.4] Linear size, major axiskpcphys.sizefloatbmin[0/70.3]? Linear size, minor axiskpcphys.sizefloatnullablelogL1.4GHz[24.4/27.7]? log of rest-frame 1.4GHz luminosity (2)log(W.Hz**-1)phys.luminosity;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatnullablealpha[-2.1/0.5]? Spectral index, NVSS to 10GHz observations (3)spect.index;em.radio.6-12GHz;obsfloatnullablee_alpha[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty on alphastat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullablel_logPlLimit flag on logPlmeta.code.errorcharlogPl[-9.7/-3.3] log, Equipartition lobe pressure, dyne/cm^2^ (Section 5.4)log(0.1Pa)phys.pressure;arith.zpfloatJ/ApJ/896/18/tablee1List of extended sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintANameAbbreviated name used in this workmeta.idcharMorph1Source Morphology, VLA-X (1)meta.code;src.morphcharMorph2Source Morphology, VLASS (1)meta.code;src.morphcharMorph3Source Morphology, FIRST (1)meta.code;src.morphcharMorph4Source Morphology, TGSS (1)meta.code;src.morphcharAng1[0.02/46.1] Angular extent, VLA-X (2)arcsecphys.angSizefloatAng2[2.4/47] Angular extent, VLASS (2)arcsecphys.angSizefloatAng3[5.4/47.3]? Angular extent, FIRST (2)arcsecphys.angSizefloatnullableAng4[12/153.1]? Angular extent, TGSS (2)arcsecphys.angSizefloatnullable