J/ApJ/894/88ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/894/88doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18940088CDSAjello M.Di Mauro M.Paliya V.S.Garrappa S.2022-01-19T13:04:51Z2021-10-21T14:13:16ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinfrared-sourcesgamma-ray-astronomyA majority of the {gamma}-ray emission from star-forming galaxies is generated by the interaction of high-energy cosmic rays with the interstellar gas and radiation fields. Star-forming galaxies are expected to contribute to both the extragalactic {gamma}-ray background and the IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux. Using roughly 10yr of {gamma}-ray data taken by the Fermi Large Area Telescope, in this study we constrain the {gamma}-ray properties of star-forming galaxies. We report the detection of 11 bona fide {gamma}-ray-emitting galaxies and 2 candidates. Moreover, we show that the cumulative {gamma}-ray emission of below-threshold galaxies is also significantly detected at ~5{sigma} confidence. The {gamma}-ray luminosity of resolved and unresolved galaxies is found to correlate with the total (8-1000{mu}m) infrared luminosity as previously determined. Above 1GeV, the spectral energy distribution of resolved and unresolved galaxies is found to be compatible with a power law with a photon index of ~2.2-2.3. Finally, we find that star-forming galaxies account for roughly 5% and 3% of the extragalactic {gamma}-ray background and the IceCube neutrino flux, respectively.2020ApJ...894...88Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/894/88CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/274 : The Roma BZCAT - 5th edition (Massaro+, 2015)J/ApJS/112/315 : Spectroscopic parameters of Seyfert nuclei (Ho+ 1997)J/ApJS/143/377 : UV-to-FIR magnitudes for 83 starburst galaxies (Wu+, 2002)J/AJ/126/1607 : IRAS Revised Bright Galaxy Sample (Sanders+, 2003)J/A+A/465/71 : 21cm observations of 452 galaxies (Theureau+, 2007)J/ApJS/184/230 : Spitzer high-res. MIR spectral atlas (Bernard-Salas+, 2009)J/A+A/534/A31 : Spectroscopic study of 283 AGNs in Coma (Gavazzi+, 2011)J/A+A/532/A104 : Hubble flow around Fornax cluster of gal. (Nasonova+, 2011)J/ApJS/199/31 : Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)J/AJ/146/86 : Cosmicflows-2 catalog (Tully+, 2013)J/ApJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)J/A+A/586/A71 : LMC 0.2-100GeV images (Ackermann+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/894/88https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/894/88http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/894/88https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/894/88https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/894/88http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/894/88GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/894/88/table1 (List of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) detected in our analysis)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/894/88/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/894/88/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/894/88/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.6941.270.0055555555555555566/2155 2709 5241 6098 7606 7743 8106 8673 16655 17754 33096 33295 43233https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/894/88?format=asciiGamma-rayInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/894/88/table1List of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) detected in our analysisrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryf_NameFlag on Name (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000[10.69/233.74]? Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000[-72.83/78.36]? Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableDist[0.05/79.9]? Distance from EarthMpcpos.distancefloatnullabler_DistDistance reference (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharlogLIR[7.86/12.21]? log of IR luminosity (3)log(solLum)phys.luminosity;em.IRfloatnullableTS[32/4797]? Test statistic (4)stat.fit.paramintnullableS[0.13/10.7]? {gamma}-ray energy flux in units of 10^-11^erg/cm^2^/s1e-14W.m**-2phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloatnullablee_S[0.04/0.3]? S uncertainty1e-14W.m**-2stat.errorfloatnullablelogLgam[37.14/42.42]? log of {gamma}-ray luminositylog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.gammafloatnullableSEDInteractive plotmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/894/88/sedsSEDs of bona fide and candidate SFGs (Data behind Figures 2 and 3)b_ELower boundary of EGeVem.energy;em.gamma;stat.mindoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharf_Name(b)ona fide {gamma}-ray emitting galaxies (Fig 2) or (c)andidates (Fig 3)meta.codecharE[131.6/447353] Energy of bin centerGeVem.energy;em.gammadoubleB_EUpper boundary of EGeVem.energy;em.gamma;stat.maxdoubleFlux[9.6e-8/1.4e-5]? Best fit value of the SEDMeV.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.harddoublenullablee_Flux? The 1{sigma} uncertainty in FluxMeV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullableLimit? Upper limit on FluxMeV.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;stat.max;em.gammadoublenullable