J/ApJ/893/56ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/893/56doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18930056CDSManzo-Martinez E.Calvet N.Hernandez J.Lizano S.Hernandez R.F.,Miller C.J.Mauco K.Briceno C.D'Alessio P.2022-01-19T11:42:19Z2021-09-22T08:07:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frpre-main-sequence-starsstellar-massesstellar-spectral-typesline-intensitiesstellar-distanceinfrared-sourcesstar-forming-regionsWe present a study of the evolution of the inner few astronomical units of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars. We consider nearby stellar groups with ages spanning from 1 to 11Myr, distributed into four age bins. Combining PANSTARSS photometry with spectral types, we derive the reddening consistently for each star, which we use (1) to measure the excess emission above the photosphere with a new indicator of IR excess and (2) to estimate the mass accretion rate (dM/dt) from the equivalent width of the H{alpha} line. Using the observed decay of dM/dt as a constraint to fix the initial conditions and the viscosity parameter of viscous evolutionary models, we use approximate Bayesian modeling to infer the dust properties that produce the observed decrease of the IR excess with age, in the range between 4.5 and 24{mu}m. We calculate an extensive grid of irradiated disk models with a two-layered wall to emulate a curved dust inner edge and obtain the vertical structure consistent with the surface density predicted by viscous evolution. We find that the median dust depletion in the disk upper layers is {epsilon}~3x10^-3^ at 1.5Myr, consistent with previous studies, and it decreases to {epsilon}~3x10^-4^ by 7.5Myr. We include photoevaporation in a simple model of the disk evolution and find that a photoevaporative wind mass-loss rate of ~1-3x10^-9^M_{sun}_/yr agrees with the decrease of the disk fraction with age reasonably well. The models show the inward evolution of the H_2_O and CO snowlines.2020ApJ...893...56Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/893/56CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/113/1733 : Orion Nebula Cluster population (Hillenbrand 1997)J/AJ/124/404 : Upper Scorpius OB assoc. Lithium survey. II. (Preibisch, 2002)J/ApJ/602/816 : Chamaeleon I star-forming region census (Luhman, 2004)J/ApJ/651/L49 : Upper Sco OB association IRAC observations (Carpenter+, 2006)J/AJ/131/1574 : Infrared photometry of IC348 members (Lada+, 2006)J/ApJ/667/308 : Weak-line T Tauri in Spitzer c2d Survey. II. (Cieza+, 2007)J/ApJ/671/1784 : Ori OB1 IRAC/MIPS observations (Hernandez+, 2007)J/ApJ/662/1067 : Sptizer observations of sigma Orionis (Hernandez+, 2007)J/A+A/492/277 : Analysis of Collinder 69 stars with VOSA (Bayo+, 2008)J/ApJ/686/1195 : IR photometry in the {gamma} Vel cluster (Hernandez+, 2008)J/A+A/488/167 : Low-mass stars in {sigma} Ori and {lambda} Ori (Sacco+, 2008)J/ApJ/698/1 : Spitzer observations of NGC 2362 (Currie+, 2009)J/ApJ/703/1964 : Spectra of three nearby star-forming regions (Furlan+, 2009)J/ApJ/722/1092 : Optical photometry of the ONC. II. (Da Rio+, 2010)J/ApJ/722/1226 : IR photometry in {lambda} Orionis cluster (Hernandez+, 2010)J/ApJS/186/111 : Spitzer observations of Taurus members (Luhman+, 2010)J/A+A/536/A63 : Collinder 69 very low mass stars & brown dwarfs (Bayo+, 2011)J/ApJ/758/31 : IR photometry for members of Upper Sco (Luhman+, 2012)J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A & B. I. YSO catalog (Megeath+, 2012)J/ApJ/746/154 : Improved kinematic plx for Sco-Cen members (Pecaut+, 2012)J/AJ/144/8 : Sp. of ~100 G/K/M-type Sco-Cen complex members (Song+, 2012)J/ApJ/750/99 : The Pan-STARRS1 photometric system (Tonry+, 2012)J/AJ/146/85 : Spectral types of optical stars in ONC (Hillenbrand+, 2013)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/A+A/561/A2 : 36 accreting YSOs emission lines (Alcala+, 2014)J/ApJ/784/126 : IR photometry of all known members in Taurus (Esplin+, 2014)J/ApJ/794/36 : {sigma} Orionis cluster stellar population (Hernandez+, 2014)J/A+A/567/A55 : Metallicity of the {gamma} Vel cluster (Spina+, 2014)J/A+A/575/A4 : Activity & accretion in {gamma} Vel and Cha I (Frasca+, 2015)J/A+A/589/A70 : Gamma Vel cluster membership and IMF (Prisinzano+, 2016)J/A+A/589/A115 : Na and Al abundances of 1303 stars (Smiljanic+, 2016)J/ApJ/847/31 : Protoplanetary disk data in Cha I and Lupus (Mulders+, 2017)J/ApJ/869/L41 : DSHARP I. Sample, ALMA obs. log and overview (Andrews+, 2018)J/MNRAS/477/L50 : Structure of the Upper Scorpius association (Galli+, 2018)J/ApJ/863/13 : Herschel obs. of protoplanetary disks in L1641 (Grant+, 2018)J/AJ/156/84 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex. II. (Kounkel+, 2018)J/ApJ/865/73 : GOBELINS. V. Kinematics of Perseus (Ortiz-Leon+, 2018)J/AJ/157/85 : The CIDA Variability Survey of Orion OB1. II. (Briceno+, 2019)J/A+A/630/A137 : Structure and kinematics of the Taurus region (Galli+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/893/56https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/893/56http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/893/56https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/893/56https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/893/56http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/893/56GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/893/56/table1 (Stellar groups)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/56/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/56/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/56/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.75-5.48330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/893/56/table5 (Stellar properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/56/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/56/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/56/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.112125-4.91836110.0055555555555555565/270 5715 5721 5723 5726 6/337 342 1030-1031 1037 1039 1042-1043 1048 1050 1052-1054 1061 1068 1073-1075 1114 1157 1159 1168-1170 1176 1539 21436 21438-21439 22804-22805 22807 22839 22843-22845 22847-22848 22851 22854-22855 22858-22859 22874 22880-22881 22883 22888-22890 22897 22899 22902 22908 22981 22992-22993 23548-23549 23717 23719 23728 24295 24300 39216 42981 42986 42992 42994 43005 44353 44367 44378-44379 44388-44389 44401https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/893/56?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/893/56/table1Stellar groupsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRefReferences (1)meta.refcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroupStellar groupmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryDist1Lower range of distance or mean distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintDist2? Upper range of distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullableAge1Lower range of age or mean ageMyrtime.age;stat.minfloatAge2? Upper ageMyrtime.age;stat.maxintnullablefdisk1[5/73] Disk fraction (or lower range)%phys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatfdisk2[7/17]? Upper range of disk fraction%phys.luminosity;arith.ratiointnullablee_fdisk[0.02/12]? Disk fraction uncertainty%stat.errorfloatnullableSamp0[59/508] Initial sample (2)meta.numberintNdk[13/305] Disk-bearing stars (3)meta.numberintNsNumber of stars for this group (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableSampA[16/228]? Accretors sample (4)meta.numberintnullableBin[1/4] Age bin (5)meta.idint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/ApJ/893/56/table5Stellar propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroupStellar groupmeta.id.parentchar2MASS2MASS source identifier (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharSpTSpectral Typesrc.spTypecharAv[0/9.1] Reddening, V bandmagphys.absorptionfloatTeff[2600/5030] Stellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintr_SpT[1/12] Reference for Spectral Type (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintLstar[0.01/5.8]? Stellar luminositysolLumphys.luminosity;em.IRfloatnullableMstar[0.01/1.7]? Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableRstar[0.3/4.2]? Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullableDist[-1/790]? Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableEWHa[-400/-2.8]? Equivalent Width, H{alpha} (2)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableDCE(J-4.5)[-0.5/4.9]? Disk color excess, J-4.5ummagphot.color.excessfloatnullablee_DCE(J-4.5)[0.02/0.3]? Uncertainty in DCE(J-4.5) (3)magstat.errorfloatnullableDCE(J-5.8)[-0.4/5.2]? Disk color excess, J-5.8ummagphot.color.excessfloatnullablee_DCE(J-5.8)[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in DCE(J-5.8) (3)magstat.errorfloatnullableDCE(J-8.0)[-0.6/6.2]? Disk color excess, J-8.0ummagphot.color.excessfloatnullablee_DCE(J-8.0)[0.02/0.5]? Uncertainty in DCE(J-8.0) (3)magstat.errorfloatnullableDCE(J-24)[0.3/13.7]? Disk color excess, J-24ummagphot.color.excessfloatnullablee_DCE(J-24)[0.02/0.9]? Uncertainty in DCE(J-24) (3)magstat.errorfloatnullabledM/dt[2.9e-11/5.4e-08]? Mass accretion RatesolMass/yrarith.rate;phys.massdoublenullableSCatDisplay data from Briceno+, 2019, J/AJ/157/85 ; Esplin+, 2014, J/ApJ/784/126 and Hernandez+, 2014, J/ApJ/794/36 if anymeta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from 2MASS names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from 2MASS names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main