J/ApJ/893/27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/893/27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18930027CDSGonzales E.J.Crepp J.R.Bechter E.B.Wood C.M.Johnson J.A.,Montet B.T.Isaacson H.Howard A.W.2022-01-19T12:39:50Z2021-10-13T08:51:17ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsstellar-massesinfrared-sourcesThe physical properties of faint stellar and substellar objects often rely on indirect, model-dependent estimates. For example, the masses of brown dwarfs are usually inferred using evolutionary models, which are age dependent and have yet to be properly calibrated. With the goal of identifying new benchmark objects to test low-mass stellar and substellar models, we have carried out a comprehensive adaptive optics survey as part of the TaRgetting bENchmark-objects with the Doppler Spectroscopy (TRENDS) high-contrast imaging program. Using legacy radial velocity measurements from the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer at Keck, we have identified several dozen stars that show long-term Doppler accelerations. We present follow-up high-contrast observations from the campaign and report the discovery of 31 comoving companions, as well as 11 strong candidate companions, to solar-type stars with well-determined parallax and metallicity values. Benchmark objects of this nature lend themselves to orbit determinations, dynamical mass estimates, and independent compositional assessment. This compendium of benchmark objects will serve as a convenient test group to substantiate theoretical evolutionary and atmospheric models near the hydrogen fusing limit.2020ApJ...893...27Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/893/27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/A+A/485/571 : Metallicities & activities of southern stars (Jenkins+, 2008)J/MNRAS/403/1949 : UBV(RcIc)JHK photometry of HIP nearby stars (Koen+, 2010)J/ApJ/725/331 : Astrometry in the Galactic Center (Yelda+, 2010)J/ApJ/725/875 : Chromospheric activity for CPS stars (Isaacson+, 2010)J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012)J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/156 : T/Y brown dwarfs with WISE photometry (Kirkpatrick+, 2012)J/ApJS/208/9 : Intrinsic colors and temperatures of PMS stars (Pecaut+, 2013)J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)J/AJ/153/208 : LCES HIRES/Keck RV Exoplanet Survey (Butler+, 2017)J/ApJS/231/15 : Astrometric monitoring of ultracool dwarf bin. (Dupuy+, 2017)J/AJ/155/159 : RVs of the late-T dwarf GL 758 B host star (Bowler+, 2018)J/AJ/155/180 : A catalog of cool dwarf targets for the TESS (Muirhead+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/893/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/893/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/893/27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/893/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/893/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/893/27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/893/27/table1 (TRENDS system parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/27/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/27/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/893/27/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.5897511.00623890.0055555555555555566/2769 2978 5266 5601 5631 5820 7434 7866 8279 8792 9026 9105 11746 12282 12467 14089 15104 15376 16776 17218 17999 18059 18366 19291 19649 20327 21185 21673 24255 25078 26160 27759 29413 30378 30989 31449 32083 42460 45034https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/893/27?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/893/27/table1TRENDS system parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNobsNumber of observations for this target (link to Table 7)meta.numberintnullableNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryNmesNumber of measurements for this targetmeta.numberintnullableRAJ2000Gaia DR2 Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Gaia DR2 Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainplx[5.13/44.4] Gaia DR2 parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.02/1.37] plx uncertaintymasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatpmRA[-565/402] Gaia DR2 proper motion in right ascension direction (pmRA*cosDE)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA[0.04/1.5] pmRA uncertaintymas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE[-359/367] Gaia DR2 proper motion in declination directionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE[0.04/1.6] pmDE uncertaintymas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatComp"c"=confirmed companion; otherwise candidate companionsmeta.codecharB17Display data from the LCES HIRES/Keck radial velocity Exoplanet Survey (Butler+, 2017, J/AJ/153/208) if anymeta.ref.urlintnullableGaiaDisplay the Gaia DR2 data (I/345) within 9"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/893/27/table7Adaptive optics imaging observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharm_NameComponent identifiermeta.code.multipcharJD[15342.1/17500.5]? Julian date of observation; JD-2440000dtime.epochfloatnullableFiltFilter usedinstr.setup;instr.filtercharf_Filt[a] Flag on Filt (1)meta.codechardelt[0.5/2490]? Integration time, {Delta}tstime.expodoublenullableArray[128/1024]? Collecting array used with Keck/NIRC2instr.setupintnullableComp"c"=confirmed companion; otherwise candidate companionsmeta.codecharJ/ApJ/893/27/compAstrometry and photometry of confirmed (Table 8) and candidate (Table 9) companionsProjSep[6.7/393] Projected separationAUpos.angDistancefloate_ProjSep[0.01/2] Uncertainty in ProjSepAUstat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharm_NameComponent identifiermeta.code.multipcharFiltFilter usedinstr.setup;instr.filtercharDelmag[0.4/6.1]? Magnitude difference in Filt (2)magphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullablee_Delmag[0/0.7]? Uncertainty in Deltamag (2)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableCompMAG[1.3/10.8]? Companion absolute magnitude in Filt (2)magphys.magAbsfloatnullablee_CompMAG[0.02/10]? Uncertainty in Mcomp (2)magstat.errorfloatnullablef_CompMAG[d] Flag on CompMAG (3)meta.codecharSep[75.9/4778] Angular separationmaspos.angDistancefloate_Sep[0.1/18] Uncertainty in Sepmasstat.errorfloatPA[5/356] Position angle (4)degpos.posAngfloate_PA[0.01/4] Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatvdot[-366/643]? Instantaneous acceleration (2)m.s**-1.yr**-1phys.accelerationfloatnullablee_vdot[0.07/16.1]? Uncertainty in vdot (2)m.s**-1.yr**-1stat.errorfloatnullableMRVmin[0.02/80]? Minimum mass (2)(5)solMassphys.mass;stat.minfloatnullablee_MRVmin[0.01/5]? Uncertainty in MRVmin (2)solMassstat.errorfloatnullableMPhot[0.08/1.4]? Photometric mass (2)solMassphys.massfloatnullablee_MPhot[0.01/0.4]? Uncertainty in MPhot (2)solMassstat.errorfloatnullableCompc=confirmed companion; otherwise blank for candidatesmeta.codechar