Teff and metallicities of M dwarfs in APOGEE DR14 J/ApJ/892/31 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/892/31 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18920031 CDS Birky J. Hogg D.W. Mann A.W. Burgasser A. 2023-06-14T14:24:59Z 2021-11-04T08:49:00Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr m-stars multiple-stars infrared-astronomy spectroscopy surveys chemical-abundances effective-temperature stellar-spectral-types photometry visible-astronomy absolute-magnitude radial-velocity M dwarfs have enormous potential for our understanding of structure and formation on both Galactic and exoplanetary scales through their properties and compositions. However, current atmosphere models have limited ability to reproduce spectral features in stars at the coolest temperatures (Teff<4200K) and to fully exploit the information content of current and upcoming large-scale spectroscopic surveys. Here we present a catalog of spectroscopic temperatures, metallicities, and spectral types for 5875 M dwarfs in the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) and Gaia-DR2 surveys using The Cannon (Ness+ 2015, J/ApJ/808/16 ; Casey+ 2016, arXiv:1603.03040; Ho+ 2017, J/ApJ/836/5; Behmard+ 2019ApJ...876...68B): a flexible, data-driven spectral-modeling and parameter-inference framework demonstrated to estimate stellar-parameter labels (Teff, logg, [Fe/H], and detailed abundances) to high precision. Using a training sample of 87 M dwarfs with optically derived labels spanning 2860K<Teff<4130K calibrated with bolometric temperatures, and -0.5<[Fe/H]<0.5dex calibrated with FGK binary metallicities, we train a two-parameter model with predictive accuracy (in cross-validation) to 77K and 0.09dex respectively. We also train a one-dimensional spectral classification model using 51 M dwarfs with Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectral types ranging from M0 to M6, to predictive accuracy of 0.7 types. We find Cannon temperatures to be in agreement to within 60 K compared to a subsample of 1702 sources with color-derived temperatures, and Cannon metallicities to be in agreement to within 0.08 dex metallicity compared to a subsample of 15 FGK+M or M+M binaries. Finally, our comparison between Cannon and APOGEE pipeline (ASPCAP DR14) labels finds that ASPCAP is systematically biased toward reporting higher temperatures and lower metallicities for M dwarfs. 2020ApJ...892...31B https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/892/31 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003) I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018) III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Johnsson+, 2020) J/AJ/134/2398 : Stellar SEDs in SDSS and 2MASS filters (Covey+, 2007) J/AJ/141/97 : SDSS DR7 M dwarfs (West+, 2011) J/ApJ/757/112 : Stellar diameters. II. K and M-stars (Boyajian+, 2012) J/AJ/146/156 : APOGEE M-dwarf survey. I. 1st-yr velocities (Deshpande+, 2013) J/AJ/145/52 : Abundances of late K&M dwarfs in binary systems (Mann+, 2013) J/ApJ/779/188 : Spectra of nearby late K and M Kepler stars (Mann+, 2013) J/ApJ/795/23 : Line list for stellar chemical abundances (Bedell+, 2014) J/ApJ/794/125 : IN-SYNC. I. APOGEE stellar parameters (Cottaar+, 2014) J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014) J/ApJ/807/45 : Habitable planets orbiting M dwarfs (Dressing+, 2015) J/other/RAA/15.1182 : M Dwarf catalog of LAMOST DR1 (Guo+, 2015) J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015) J/ApJ/808/16 : Cannon: a new approach to determine abundances (Ness+, 2015) J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016) J/ApJ/836/5 : Abundances of LAMOST giants from APOGEE DR12 (Ho+, 2017) J/AJ/155/38 : The rotation of M dwarfs observed by APOGEE (Gilhool+, 2018) J/AJ/155/180 : A catalog of cool dwarf targets for the TESS (Muirhead+, 2018) J/AJ/156/45 : M-dwarf multiples in the SDSS-III/APOGEE (Skinner+, 2018) J/A+A/609/A117 : CARMENES radial velocity curves of 7 M-dwarf (Trifonov+, 2018) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/892/31 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/892/31 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/892/31 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/892/31 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/892/31 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/892/31 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/892/31/table6 (Test results for 14828 sources) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table6? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table6? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table6? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 0.14080306 79.67672694 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/892/31/table1 (Metallicities of APOGEE M dwarfs in wide binaries) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table1? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 203.3259997 39.7092161 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/892/31/table2 (Cannon results for Temperature/Metallicity model) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table2? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table2? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table2? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 4.59542 44.02278 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/892/31/table5 (Cannon results for Spectral Type model) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table5? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table5? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/892/31/table5? 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28874-28876 28878 28888 28890-28891 28894 28896-28897 28899-28900 28909 28912 28914-28916 28918-28919 28921 28924 28941 28943 28952 28954 29089 29093-29095 29097 29099 29104 29110 29163 29165 29167 29199 29210 29221 29230-29231 29233 29265 29316-29317 29328 29348 29351 29440-29441 29456-29457 29459 29468 29509 29511-29513 29515-29518 29521 29523 29526-29529 29531 29540 29545 29547-29548 29550-29551 29557 29564-29565 29623 29629 29633 29636 29666 29672-29673 29675 29689-29691 29694 29735 29743 29752 29755 29841 29867 29879 29894 29896 29901 29906 29912-29913 29916 29922-29923 29928 29930 29951 30029 30034 30040 30042-30044 30046 30064-30065 30068 30187 30202 30210 30216 30218 30220 30222-30223 30227 30234 30240 30251 30254 30265 30268-30270 30293 30299 30307 30310 30321 30330-30331 30334 30337 30339-30342 30358 30360-30361 30363-30364 30373 30375 30381 30384 30386-30387 30392 30394 30401 30404 30420 30422-30423 30428 30449 30451 30454 30457 30485 30505 30528 30544 30617-30619 30622-30623 30644-30645 30667 30681 30689 30691 30693 30695 30707 30710 30712-30713 30715-30717 30746-30747 30757 30771 30776 30943 31057 31106-31107 31116 31118-31119 31136-31137 31140 31147 31369 31404-31405 31407-31408 31410-31411 31416-31418 31447 31453 31455 31577-31578 31580 31582-31583 31603-31606 31616 31618-31619 31624-31626 31751 31756 31775 32007 32013 32025 32046 32071 32075 32082 32132 32134 32145 32147-32149 32153 32454 32460-32461 32466 32472 32497 32499 32505 32508-32509 32674 32680 32683 32701-32702 32744 32746 36343 36439 36445 36447 36517 36519 36530 36536 36538 36611 36640-36641 36651 36653-36655 36737 36739 36752 36772 36774-36775 36780-36781 36783-36784 36786-36787 36792-36793 39918 40630-40631 40667 40677 40679 40692 40738-40739 40742-40743 40745 40747-40749 40820-40821 44957 44959 44980 45000 45002-45003 45024-45025 48035 48040 49149 7.952274030004205e-20 4.621782916333392e-19 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/892/31?format=ascii Optical Infrared default J/ApJ/892/31/table6 Test results for 14828 sources Simbad Simbad column added by the CDS meta.ref.url char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Csp Display spectral type data from the Cannon results (Table 5) meta.ref.url int nullable C Display temperature and metallicity data from the Cannon results (Table 2) meta.ref.url int nullable Gaia Gaia DR2 identification number (GAIA_ID) meta.id.cross Teff [2485/4158] Mann-trained Cannon effective temperature K phys.temperature.effective int [Fe/H] [-0.63/1.42] Mann-trained Cannon [Fe/H] (FE_H) phys.abund.Fe float SpT [-1.7/8.9] West-trained Cannon spectral subtype ( M0-M9 ) src.spType float TeffA [2500/7998]? ASPCAP pipeline effective temperature (TEFF_APOGEE) K phys.temperature.effective int nullable [M/H]A [-2.5/0.75]? ASPCAP pipeline [M/H] (M_H_APOGEE) phys.abund.Z double nullable Chi2M [3696/6648141] Chi-squared fit of Mann-trained Cannon model (CHI_MANN) stat.fit.chi2 int Chi2W [3666/5606271] Chi-squared fit of West-trained Cannon model (CHI_WEST) stat.fit.chi2 int Jmag [3.89/16.65] APOGEE J band photometry (J_MAG) mag phot.mag;em.IR.J float Hmag [3.29/15.52] APOGEE H band photometry (H_MAG) mag phot.mag;em.IR.H float Kmag [2.96/15.34]? APOGEE K band photometry (K_MAG) mag phot.mag;em.IR.K double nullable Gmag [-1.6/17.24] Gaia DR2 G band photometry (G_MAG) mag phot.mag;em.opt float BPmag [6.8/22.9] Gaia DR2 BP band photometry (BP_MAG) mag phot.mag;em.opt.B float RPmag [6.8/22.9] Gaia DR2 RP band photometry (RP_MAG) mag phot.mag;em.opt.R float JMag [-4.11/12.13] APOGEE J band absolute magnitude (J_ABS) mag phys.magAbs float HMag [-4.98/11.24] APOGEE H band absolute magnitude (H_ABS) mag phys.magAbs float KMag [-5.22/10.8]? APOGEE K band absolute magnitude (K_ABS) mag phys.magAbs double nullable GMag [-1.55/17.24] Gaia DR2 G band absolute magnitude (G_ABS) mag phys.magAbs float BP-RP [1.007/5.64] Gaia DR2 BP-RP color (BP_RP) mag phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R float RAJ2000 APOGEE radial ascension angle (J2000) (RA) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed DEJ2000 [-32.6/87.6] APOGEE declination angle (J2000) (DEC) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed pmRA [-1574/2892] Gaia DR2 radial ascension proper motion mas/yr pos.pm;pos.eq.ra double e_pmRA [0.01/4.3] Gaia DR2 radial ascension proper motion uncertainty (PMRA_ERR) mas/yr stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.ra float pmDE [-1157/542]? Gaia DR2 declination proper motion (PMDEC) mas/yr pos.pm;pos.eq.dec double nullable e_pmDE [0.02/5] Gaia DR2 declination proper motion uncertainty (PMDEC_ERR) mas/yr stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.dec float plx [0.05/297] Gaia DR2 parallax mas pos.parallax.trig float e_plx [0.01/3] Gaia DR2 parallax uncertainty (PLX_ERR) mas stat.error;pos.parallax float Dist [0.003/22.3] Distance (1/parallax) kpc pos.distance double RVA [-1013/1513] APOGEE radial velocity (RV_APOGEE) km/s spect.dopplerVeloc double e_RVA [0.001/63] APOGEE radial velocity uncertainty (RV_APOGEE_ERR) km/s stat.error float RVG [-211/110]? Gaia DR2 radial velocity (RV_GAIA) km/s phys.veloc;pos.heliocentric double nullable e_RVG [0.1/17]? Gaia DR2 radial velocity uncertainty (RV_GAIA_ERR) km/s stat.error float nullable Vx [-655/819] Cartesian x velocity in Galactocentric coordinates km/s phys.veloc;pos.cartesian.x;pos.galactocentric double Vy [-582/1219] Cartesian y velocity in Galactocentric coordinates km/s phys.veloc;pos.cartesian.y;pos.galactocentric double Vz [-866/1153] Cartesian z velocity in Galactocentric coordinates km/s phys.veloc;pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactocentric double X [-24/-5] Cartesian x position in Galactocentric coordinates kpc pos.cartesian.x;pos.galactic double Y [-1.3/4.1] Cartesian y position in Galactocentric coordinates kpc pos.cartesian.y;pos.galactic double Z [-16/1.2] Cartesian z position in Galactocentric coordinates kpc pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactic double SNR [0/1737] Signal-to-noise ratio of the APOGEE spectrum stat.snr int Safe [0/1] 0=Full test sample; 1=Sources from selections 1-5 in Section 5.3 (5875 sources) meta.code int 2MASS APOGEE 2MASS designation (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000) (APOGEE_ID) meta.id;meta.main char primary 2M Display the 2MASS data (II/246) meta.ref.url char
J/ApJ/892/31/table1 Metallicities of APOGEE M dwarfs in wide binaries SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id char nullable recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int GaiaM Mdwarf Gaia DR2 Identifier meta.id;meta.main GaiaC Companion Gaia DR2 Identifier meta.id.assoc [M/H]M [-0.34/0.06] Mdwarf, [M/H], ASPCAP phys.abund.Z float [Fe/H]M [-0.25/0.2] Mdwarf, [Fe/H], Cannon phys.abund.Fe float [Fe/H]C [-0.34/0.32] Companion, [Fe/H], Cannon phys.abund.Fe float Source Companion metallicity/spectral type source meta.bib char Sep [1043/16091] Separation au pos.angDistance int _RA Positions of the M dwarf from SIMBAD (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main _DE Positions of the M dwarf from SIMBAD (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main
J/ApJ/892/31/table2 Cannon results for Temperature/Metallicity model Simbad Simbad column added by the CDS meta.ref.url char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int 2MASS 2MASS designation (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000) meta.id;meta.main char S Display data from the sample results (Table 6) meta.ref.url int nullable RAJ2000 [4.5/357.4] Right Ascension (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 [-13.82/68.4] Declination (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main TeffTr [2859/4131] Training Effective temperature (1) K phys.temperature.effective int TeffTest [2804/4012] Tested Effective temperature (2) K phys.temperature.effective int Teffl [2878/3957] LOOCV Effective temperature (G1) K phys.temperature.effective int [Fe/H]Tr [-0.48/0.49] Training Metallicity (1) phys.abund.Fe float [Fe/H]Test [-0.48/0.5] Tested Metallicity (2) phys.abund.Fe float [Fe/H]l [-0.42/0.36] LOOCV Metallicity (G1) phys.abund.Fe float Chi2Test [5743/379921] Test {chi}^2^ meta.note int Chi2l [5743/379921] LOOCV {chi}^2^ (G1) meta.note int 2M Display the 2MASS data (II/246) meta.ref.url char
J/ApJ/892/31/table5 Cannon results for Spectral Type model Simbad Simbad column added by the CDS meta.ref.url char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int S Display data from the sample results (Table 6) meta.ref.url int nullable RAJ2000 [47.9/352.5] Right Ascension (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 [-6.8/56.5] Declination (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main SpTt [0/9] Training Spectral type (1) src.spType int SpTtest [-1.0/8.9] Test Spectral type (1) src.spType float SpTl [-1.2/6.7] LOOCV Spectral type (1)(G1) src.spType float Chi2test [7933/429256] Test {chi}^2^ meta.note int 2MASS 2MASS designation (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000) meta.id;meta.main char 2M Display the 2MASS data (II/246) meta.ref.url char
J/ApJ/892/31/table3 Strong Teff-correlated atomic and molecular lines for all features with significance greater than 2{sigma}_jackknife_ recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Sp Species phys.atmol.ionStage char lambda [15159/16935] Wavelength in Angstrom units 0.1nm em.wl double delta [-0.014/0.012] Derivative phot.flux float e_delta [0.001/0.004] Derivative Error stat.error;pos.eq.dec float Sig [-5.81/5.14] Significance stat.fit.goodness float
J/ApJ/892/31/table4 Strong [Fe/H]-correlated atomic and molecular lines for all features with significance greater than 2{sigma}_jackknife_ recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Sp Species phys.atmol.ionStage char lambda [15159/16935] Wavelength in Angstrom units 0.1nm em.wl double delta [-0.014/0.012] Derivative phot.flux float e_delta [0.001/0.004] Derivative Error stat.error;pos.eq.dec float Sig [-5.81/5.14] Significance stat.fit.goodness float