J/ApJ/890/130ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/890/130doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18900130CDSTobin J.J.Sheehan P.D.Megeath S.T.Diaz-Rodriguez A.K.Offner S.S.R.,Murillo N.M.van 't Hoff M.L.R.van Dishoeck E.F.Osorio M.Anglada G.,Furlan E.Stutz A.M.Reynolds N.Karnath N.Fischer W.J.Persson M.,Looney L.W.Li Z.-Y.Stephens I.Chandler C.J.Cox E.Dunham M.M.,Tychoniec L.Kama M.Kratter K.Kounkel M.Mazur B.Maud L.Patel L.,Perez L.Sadavoy S.I.Segura-Cox D.Sharma R.Stephenson B.,Watson D.M.Wyrowski F.2022-03-07T13:26:15Z2021-11-09T13:57:15ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsmillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomystellar-radiisurveysWe have conducted a survey of 328 protostars in the Orion molecular clouds with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at 0.87mm at a resolution of ~0.1" (40au), including observations with the Very Large Array at 9mm toward 148 protostars at a resolution of ~0.08" (32au). This is the largest multiwavelength survey of protostars at this resolution by an order of magnitude. We use the dust continuum emission at 0.87 and 9mm to measure the dust disk radii and masses toward the Class 0, Class I, and flat-spectrum protostars, characterizing the evolution of these disk properties in the protostellar phase. The mean dust disk radii for the Class 0, Class I, and flat-spectrum protostars are 44.9_-3.4_^+5.8^, 37.0_-3.0_^+4.9^, and 28.5_-2.3_^+3.7^au, respectively, and the mean protostellar dust disk masses are 25.9_-4.0_^+7.7^, 14.9_-2.2_^+3.8^, 11.6_-1.9_^+3.5^M_{Earth}_, respectively. The decrease in dust disk masses is expected from disk evolution and accretion, but the decrease in disk radii may point to the initial conditions of star formation not leading to the systematic growth of disk radii or that radial drift is keeping the dust disk sizes small. At least 146 protostellar disks (35% of 379 detected 0.87mm continuum sources plus 42 nondetections) have disk radii greater than 50au in our sample. These properties are not found to vary significantly between different regions within Orion. The protostellar dust disk mass distributions are systematically larger than those of Class II disks by a factor of >4, providing evidence that the cores of giant planets may need to at least begin their formation during the protostellar phase.2020ApJ...890..130Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/890/130CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/291/943 : Protostellar cores (Ossenkopf+, 1994)J/ApJ/675/491 : Lynds 988e JHKs and IRAC photometry (Allen+, 2008)J/ApJ/686/1195 : IR photometry in the {gamma} Vel cluster (Hernandez+, 2008)J/ApJ/692/973 : Protostars in Perseus, Serpens and Ophiuchus (Enoch+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/A+A/494/147 : Young TTau star in CB26 molecular outflows (Launhardt+, 2009)J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A and B. I. YSO cat. (Megeath+, 2012)J/ApJ/771/129 : Submillimetric Class II sources of Taurus (Andrews+, 2013)J/ApJ/767/36 : APEX observations of HOPS protostars (Stutz+, 2013)J/A+A/563/L3 : NGC1333-IRAS2A SiO & SO maps (Codella+, 2014)J/A+A/566/A45 : Orion optical-depth and column-density maps (Lombardi+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/11 : SEDs of Spitzer YSOs in the Gould Belt (Dunham+, 2015)J/ApJ/806/231 : MISFITS survey: HCO+ obs. of Spitzer YSOs (Heiderman+, 2015)J/ApJ/828/46 : ALMA survey of Lupus protopl. disks. I. (Ansdell+, 2016)J/ApJ/827/142 : ALMA obs. of GKM stars in Upper Sco (Barenfeld+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/5 : Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS): SEDs (Furlan+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/125 : ALMA 887{mu}m obs. of ChaI (Pascucci+, 2016)J/A+A/587/A47 : SMA 1.3mm image of OMC 1 North (Teixeira+, 2016)J/ApJ/834/142 : Gould's Belt Distances Survey. II. OMC (Kounkel+, 2017)J/ApJ/845/44 : 340GHz SMA obs. of 50 protoplanetary disks (Tripathi+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A56 : [BHB2007] 11 full stokes continuum ALMA images (Alves+, 2018)J/ApJ/869/L41 : DSHARP I. Sample, ALMA obs. log and overview (Andrews+, 2018)J/ApJ/859/21 : ALMA survey of Lupus protopl. disks. II. (Ansdell+, 2018)J/AJ/156/84 : APOGEE-2 survey of Orion Complex. II. (Kounkel+, 2018)J/ApJ/865/73 : GOBELINS. V. Kinematics of Perseus (Ortiz-Leon+, 2018)J/AJ/155/54 : TBOSS Survey. II. ALMA continuum obs. (Ward-Duong+, 2018)J/A+A/626/A11 : Corona Australis ALMA and X-Shooter data (Cazzoletti+, 2019)J/MNRAS/482/698 : Oph DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA). I. (Cieza+, 2019)J/ApJ/884/6 : Known members of Orion A with Gaia DR2 data (McBride+, 2019)J/A+A/628/A85 : Disk masses in Orion Molecular Cloud-2 (van Terwisga+, 2019)J/ApJ/875/L9 : ODISEA: Disk dust mass distributions (Williams+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/890/130https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/890/130http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/890/130https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/890/130https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/890/130http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/890/130GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/890/130/table2 (ALMA fields)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.8942752.945838890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/890/130/table4 (VLA fields)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.89471252.946333330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/890/130/table6 (ALMA source properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.89411252.946113890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/890/130/table7 (VLA source properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.89411252.946119440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/890/130/table8 (ALMA and VLA derived parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/890/130/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.89411252.946113890.0055555555555555566/21403 21425 21427-21428 21430 21435-21436 21438-21439 22804-22805 22854-22855 22861 22866 22873 22876 23560 235622.2071618111439412e-23 2.283270615984385e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/890/130?format=asciiMillimeterdefaultJ/ApJ/890/130/table2ALMA fieldsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldAALMA field name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharn_FieldA[d] d=duplicate fields (2)meta.notecharRAJ2000[5] Field hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[0/8] Field degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainLbol[0/1478] Bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatTbol[23/1211] Bolometric temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatDist[351/441.1] Distance estimate toward protostarpcpos.distancefloatClassProtostellar class (3)src.classcharNsrc[0/7] Sources detected per fieldmeta.numberintVLADisplay the VLA field data within 14" (link to Table4)meta.ref.urlintnullableHOPSDisplay HOPS data from Stutz+, 2013, J/ApJ/767/36 and Furlan+, 2016, J/ApJS/224/5 within 5"meta.ref.urlintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/ApJ/890/130/table4VLA fieldsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFieldVVLA field name(s) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[5] Field hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Field degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainLbol[0.1/1478]? Bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableTbol[23/492]? Bolometric temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatnullableDist[355.4/440.3] Distance estimate toward protostarpcpos.distancefloatClassProtostellar class (2)src.classcharNsrc[0/18] Sources detected per fieldmeta.numberintALMADisplay the ALMA field data within 14" (link to Table2)meta.ref.urlintnullableHOPSDisplay HOPS data from Stutz+, 2013, J/ApJ/767/36 and Furlan+, 2016, J/ApJS/224/5 within 5"meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/890/130/table6ALMA source propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of sourcemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[5]? Field hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Field degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableFieldAALMA field nameobs.fieldcharDistFA[0/14.6] Source distance from ALMA phase centerarcsecpos.angDistancefloatFieldVVLA field nameobs.fieldcharDistFV[0/57]? Source distance from VLA phase centerarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableClassProtostellar classsrc.classcharFlux[0.9/1587.4]? Integrated flux density ALMA 0.87mmmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzdoublenullablee_Flux[0.19/33.5]? Uncertainty in FluxmJystat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullablePFlux[0.9/193]? Peak intensity ALMA 0.87mmmJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzdoublenullableRMS[0.19/5.6] RMS noise in ALMA 0.87mm imagemJy/beamstat.stdevfloatdBmaj[0/1.6]? Deconvolved Major Axisarcsecphys.angSizefloatnullabledBmin[0/0.6]? Deconvolved Minor Axisarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullabledPA[0/179.4]? Deconvolved Position Angledegpos.posAngfloatnullableFlagALMA detection flag (1)meta.code.errorcharJ/ApJ/890/130/table7VLA source propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of sourcemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[5]? Field hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Field degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableFieldAALMA field nameobs.fieldcharDistFA[0/16.5]? Source distance from ALMA phase centerarcsecpos.angDistancefloatnullableFieldVVLA field nameobs.fieldcharDistFV[0/57] Source distance from VLA phase centerarcsecpos.angDistancefloatClassProtostellar classsrc.classcharFlux[0.02/51.4]? Integrated flux density VLA 9mmmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzdoublenullablee_Flux[0/0.2]? Uncertainty in FluxmJystat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullablePFlux[0.02/24.3]? Peak intensity VLA 9mmmJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.30-50GHzdoublenullableRMS[5/63.1] RMS noise VLA 9mmmJy/beamstat.snr;stat.stdevfloatdBmaj[0/0.4]? Deconvolved Major Axisarcsecphys.angSizefloatnullabledBmin[0/0.3]? Deconvolved Minor Axisarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullabledPA[0/173]? Deconvolved Position Angledegpos.posAngfloatnullableFlagVLA detection flag (1)meta.code.errorcharJ/ApJ/890/130/table8ALMA and VLA derived parametersNameName of sourcemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryQALMA[0.2/373]? Toomre Q ALMA (3)stat.fit.paramfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintALMADisplay ALMA data (link to Table 6)meta.ref.urlintnullableVLADisplay VLA data (link to Table 7)meta.ref.urlintnullableRAJ2000[5]? Field hour of Right Ascension (J2000)phys.size.radiusnullableDEJ2000? Field degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableLbol[0/1405]? Bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableTbol[23/1211]? Bolometric temperatureKphys.temperaturefloatnullableClassProtostellar class (1)src.classcharRdiskA[7/511.2]? Disk radius ALMAAUphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_RdiskA[10/33]? Uncertainty in RdiskAAUstat.errorfloatnullableRdiskV[2.3/137]? Disk radius VLAAUphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_RdiskV[10/29.2]? Uncertainty in RdiskVAUstat.errorfloatnullablel_MdiskA[<= ] Limit flag on MdiskAmeta.code.errorcharMdiskA[0.5/1059]? Disk mass ALMA (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullablee_MdiskA[0.1/19]? Uncertainty in MdiskA(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullablel_MdiskV[<= ] Limit flag on MdiskVmeta.code.errorcharMdiskV[6.3/77023.1]? Disk mass VLA (2)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoublenullablee_MdiskV[0/111]? Uncertainty in MdiskV(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoublenullableQVLA[0.01/14.6]? Toomre Q VLA (3)stat.fit.paramfloatnullableSpIdxAV[1/3.2]? Spectral index 0.87mm to 9mmspect.index;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullablee_SpIdxAV[0.06/0.2]? Uncertainty in SpIdxAVstat.errorfloatnullableSpIdxV[-2.8/12]? Spectral index 8.1mm to 1cmspect.index;em.mm.30-50GHzfloatnullablee_SpIdxV[0/3.8]? Uncertainty in SpIdxVstat.errorfloatnullableFlagDetection flags (4)meta.code.errorchar