J/ApJ/889/27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/889/27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18890027CDSJi A.P.Li T.S.Simon J.D.Marshall J.Vivas A.K.Pace A.B.,Bechtol K.Drlica-Wagner A.Koposov S.E.Hansen T.T.Allam S.,Gruendl R.A.Johnson M.D.McNanna M.Noel N.E.D.Tucker D.L.,Walker A.R.(the MagLiteS Collaboration)2022-07-07T17:57:45Z2021-08-04T14:34:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvisible-astronomyspectroscopychemical-abundancesradial-velocityline-intensitiesWe present the first detailed elemental abundances in the ultra-faint Magellanic satellite galaxies Carina II (Car II) and Carina III (CarIII). With high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectroscopy, we determined the abundances of nine stars in Car II, including the first abundances of an RR Lyrae star in an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy (UFD), and two stars in Car III. The chemical abundances demonstrate that both systems are clearly galaxies and not globular clusters. The stars in these galaxies mostly display abundance trends matching those of other similarly faint dwarf galaxies: enhanced but declining [{alpha}/Fe] ratios, iron-peak elements matching the stellar halo, and unusually low neutron-capture element abundances. One star displays a low outlying [Sc/Fe]=-1.0. We detect a large Ba scatter in Car II, likely due to inhomogeneous enrichment by low-mass asymptotic giant branch star winds. The most striking abundance trend is for [Mg/Ca] in Car II, which decreases from +0.4 to -0.4 and indicates clear variation in the initial progenitor masses of enriching core-collapse supernovae. So far, the only UFDs displaying a similar [Mg/Ca] trend are likely satellites of the Large Magellanic Cloud. We find two stars with [Fe/H]<=-3.5 whose abundances likely trace the first generation of metal-free Population III stars and are well fit by Population III core-collapse supernova yields. An appendix describes our new abundance uncertainty analysis that propagates line-by-line stellar parameter uncertainties.2020ApJ...889...27Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/889/27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJ/655/492 : Equivalent widths of 26 metal-poor stars (Aoki+, 2007)J/MNRAS/383/183 : CaII triplet of RGB from VLT/FLAMES obs. (Battaglia+, 2008)J/ApJ/708/560 : Spectroscopy of UMa II and Coma Ber (Frebel+, 2010)J/ApJ/719/931 : Chemical evolution of the UMi dSph (Cohen+, 2010)J/ApJ/723/1632 : Abundance spreads in Bootes I and Segue 1 (Norris+, 2010)J/ApJ/724/341 : Nucleosynthesis of massive metal-free stars (Heger+, 2010)J/AJ/140/1694 : Abundances of non-variable red and blue HB stars (For+, 2010)J/ApJS/197/29 : Chemical compositions of 11 RR Lyrae (For+, 2011)J/AJ/144/88 : Spectroscopy of 6 LMC & 3 SMC RR Lyrae stars (Haschke+, 2012)J/ApJ/760/86 : Equivalent widths for 13 NGC2419 RGB stars (Cohen+, 2012)J/ApJ/762/26 : Most metal-poor stars. II. Galactic halo stars (Yong+, 2013)J/ApJ/763/61 : Abundances of 7 red giant members of BootesI (Gilmore+, 2013)J/ApJ/769/57 : Equivalent widths of metal-poor stars (Frebel+, 2013)J/ApJ/778/56 : Hamburg/ESO Survey extremely metal-poor stars (Cohen+, 2013)J/ApJ/778/149 : Abundances for 3 stars in Sgr dSph (McWilliam+, 2013)J/A+A/562/A146 : Chemical abundances of 8 metal-poor stars (Ishigaki+, 2014)J/ApJ/786/74 : EW measurements of 6 Segue 1 red giants (Frebel+, 2014)J/MNRAS/440/2665 : SDSS J021933.13+200830.2 spectroscopy (Roederer+, 2014)J/ApJ/797/21 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Placco+, 2014)J/A+A/574/A129 : The First CEMP star in the Sculptor dSph (Skuladottir+, 2015)J/A+A/586/A120 : Grid of 1D models for Mg line formation (Osorio+, 2016)J/AJ/151/82 : The 4 brightest red giants in galaxy Ret 2 (Roederer+, 2016)J/ApJ/826/110 : Boo-127 and Boo-980 high-resolution spectra (Frebel+, 2016)J/ApJ/830/93 : Abundances of Ret II brightest red giant members (Ji+, 2016)J/ApJ/833/20 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor star abundances (Yoon+, 2016)J/ApJ/838/44 : Abundances of the brightest member of Tuc III (Hansen+, 2017)J/ApJ/838/83 : Rvel, abundances & membership in TriII (Kirby+, 2017)J/ApJ/847/142 : Ultra-metal-poor stars abundances (Ezzeddine+, 2017)J/ApJ/852/99 : Abundances of 3 metal-poor stars in Hor I (Nagasawa+, 2018)J/ApJ/856/142 : Abundances of metal-poor stars in Sculptor (Chiti+, 2018)J/ApJ/857/74 : Abundances of 7 new member stars in Tucana II (Chiti+, 2018)J/ApJ/857/145 : MagLiteS Carina II and Carina III spectroscopy (Li+, 2018)J/ApJ/863/25 : Deep Megacam obs. of 4 MW satellites (Mutlu-Pakdil+, 2018)J/ApJ/863/89 : Gaia DR2 PMs in ultra-faint MW satellites (Simon, 2018)J/ApJ/870/83 : Abundances in GruI & TriII (Ji+, 2019)J/A+A/622/A60 : Gaia DR2 misclassified RR Lyrae list (Clementini+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A129 : New satellites of the LMC search (Fritz+, 2019)J/ApJ/875/77 : Proper motions of MW satellites with Gaia & DES (Pace+, 2019)J/A+A/627/A177 : Non-LTE analysis of K I in late-type stars (Reggiani+, 2019)J/ApJ/882/177 : Abundances of 4 member stars of Tucana III (Marshall+, 2019)J/A+A/631/A80 : Mn lines 3D NLTE formation (Bergemann+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/889/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/889/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/889/27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/889/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/889/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/889/27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/889/27/stars (Observations (Table 1) and stellar parameters (Table 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/889/27/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/889/27/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/889/27/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true114.2129583-58.02952780.0055555555555555566/376151.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/889/27?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/889/27/starsObservations (Table 1) and stellar parameters (Table 3)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifier (1)meta.idcharprimaryf_IDFlag on ID (2)meta.codecharGaiaGaia DR2 identifiermeta.id;meta.mainRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGmag[15/18.5] Gaia G-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatg0mag[15.6/18.4] Dereddened DECam g-band magnitude from MagLiteS (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatr0mag[14.6/18.1] Dereddened DECam r-band magnitude from MagLiteS (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatSlit[0.5/1] Slitinstr.setupfloatExp[1/5.5] Exposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposurefloatSNR4500[13/38] Signal-to-noise ratio per pixel at 4500 {AA}stat.snr;instr.pixelintSNR6500[24/80] Signal-to-noise ratio at 6500 {AA}stat.snrintNrvNumber of radial velocity measurements for this star (link to Table 2)meta.numberintnullableNabundNumber of abundance measurements for this star (link to Table 6)meta.numberintnullableNlNumber of line measurements for this star (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullableTeff[4330/6100] Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_Teff[152/330] Teff uncertaintyKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[0.4/2.7] Log of surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_logg[0.27/0.5] Logg uncertaintylog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatVt[1.75/3.2] Microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.velocfloate_Vt[0.25/0.4] Vt uncertaintykm/sstat.errorfloat[M/H][-3.9/-2.1] Metallicitylog(Sun)phys.abund.Zfloate_[M/H][0.06/0.21] [M/H] uncertaintylog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/889/27/table2Radial velocitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifier (1)meta.idcharObsYear of the observationtime.epochMJD[58092.3/58552.1] Modified Julian Date of the observationdtime.epochdoubleRVel[280.8/483.7] Heliocentric radial velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.heliocentricfloatNord[16/36] Final number of orders usedmeta.numberintsigma[0.3/7] Systematic errorkm/sstat.error.sysfloatJ/ApJ/889/27/table4Line measurementssigma[0.09/9]? Total error; sigmaStat^2^+sigmaSys^2^stat.errorfloatnullableIon[8/607] Ion code (1)phys.atmol.ionStagefloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifiermeta.idcharlambda[3825.8/7699] Wavelength in Angstrom units0.1nmem.wlfloatchi[0/4.5]? Excitation potentialphys.atmol.excitationfloatnullablelog(gf)[-10.3/0.6]? log oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatnullableEW[8/309]? Equivalent width; Angstroms0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablef_EW[s] Flag on EW (s=synthesis)meta.codechare_EW[1/26]? Uncertainty in EW0.1nmstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablel_logeps[0/1] Upper flag limit on logeps (1=True,0=False)meta.code.errorintlogeps[-3.3/8.8] log abundancephys.abundfloatsigmaStat[0.01/9]? Statistical errorstat.errorfloatnullablesigmaSys[0.07/2.4]? Systematic error (2)stat.errorfloatnullablesigmaTeff[-0.4/2.4]? Systematic abundance offset from Teffstat.errorfloatnullablesigmalogg[-0.6/0.4]? Systematic abundance offset from log(g)stat.errorfloatnullablesigmavt[-0.4/0.15]? Systematic abundance offset from v_turb_stat.errorfloatnullablesigma[M/H][-0.2/0.16]? Systematic abundance offset from [M/H]stat.errorfloatnullablesigmacont[0.01/0.8]? Systematic abundance offset from local continuum allowed to varystat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJ/889/27/table6Stellar abundances[X/Fe][-2.6/2.9] log [X/Fe] abundancephys.abundfloate_[X/Fe][0.02/0.7]? Uncertainty in [X/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDStar identifiermeta.idcharElElement identifiermeta.id;phys.atmol.elementcharN[1/169] Number of elements usedmeta.numberintl_logepsLimit flag on logepsmeta.code.errorcharlogeps[-3.3/8.8] log abundancephys.abundfloatsigmastat[0.01/0.65]? Statistical errorstat.errorfloatnullable[X/H][-5.8/0.04] log [X/H] abundancephys.abundfloate_[X/H][0.1/0.8]? Uncertainty in [X/H]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable