J/ApJ/889/142ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/889/142doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18890142CDSStiele H.Kong A.K.H.2021-12-03T13:13:00Z2021-11-16T09:13:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frx-ray-binary-starsblack-holesx-ray-sourcesWe present a detailed timing analysis of the bright black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 (ASASSN-18ey), during its first detected outburst lasting from 2018 March until 2019 October based on Swift/XRT window timing mode observations, corresponding UVOT data and NICER observations. The light curves clearly show four outbursts, with the source remaining in the hard state during its first outburst, while the rise of the second outburst corresponds with the transition to the soft state. A similar double outburst of GX339-4 has been observed in 2004. Here it is followed by two hard-state only outbursts. In many observations the power density spectra showed type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) with characteristic frequencies below 1Hz, which suggests that the source stayed in a state of low effective accretion for large parts of its outburst. The absence of other types of QPOs hinders a precise determination of the state transitions, but from combining NICER and Swift/XRT data, we find that MAXI J1820+070 went from the hard-intermediate to the soft state in less than one day. The covariance ratios derived from NICER data show an increase toward lower energies, which indicate that the source should make a transition to the soft state. This transition finally took place, after MAXI J1820+070 stayed in the hard state at rather constant luminosity for about 116 days. The steepness of the increase of the covariance ratios is not correlated with the amount of rms variability and it does not show a monotonic evolution along the outburst.2020ApJ...889..142Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/889/142CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/gcvs : General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+, 2007-2017)B/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)J/A+A/407/1039 : X-ray power spectra of Cygnus X-1 (Pottschmidt+, 2003)J/ApJS/222/15 : WATCHDOG: all-sky database of Gal. BHXBs (Tetarenko+, 2016)J/MNRAS/496/L96 : Polarization of LMXB MAXI J1820+070 (Kosenkov+, 2020)J/A+A/645/A18 : SVOM-ECLAIRs known X-ray sources catalogue (Dagoneau+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/889/142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/889/142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/889/142https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/889/142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/889/142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/889/142GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapX-raydefaultJ/ApJ/889/142/table1Parameters of the band-limited noise (BLN) components of the power density spectra (PDS) derived from Swift/XRT datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[2.74/545.05] Days since 2018 March 11thdtime.epochfloatnumaxBLN1[0.002/4.6] Characteristic frequency of first band limited noise componentHzem.freqfloate_numaxBLN1[0.002/0.9] Lower error on numaxBLN1Hzstat.errorfloatE_numaxBLN1[0.003/1.7] Upper error on numaxBLN1Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatrmsBLN1[0.066/0.4] RMS of first BLN componentstat.errorfloate_rmsBLN1[0/0.08] Lower error on rmsBLN1stat.errorfloatE_rmsBLN1[0.002/1] Upper error on rmsBLN1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnumaxBLN2[0.01/8.4]? Characteristic frequency of second band limited noise componentHzem.freqfloatnullablee_numaxBLN2[0.003/1.7]? Lower error on numaxBLN2Hzstat.errorfloatnullableE_numaxBLN2[0.004/2.5]? Upper error on numaxBLN2Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablermsBLN2[0.048/0.7]? RMS of second BLN componentstat.errorfloatnullablee_rmsBLN2[0/0.2]? Lower error on rmsBLN2stat.errorfloatnullableE_rmsBLN2[0.003/1]? Upper error on rmsBLN2stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableJ/ApJ/889/142/table2Parameters of the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of the PDS derived from Swift/XRTrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[23.8/536.02] Days since 2018 March 11thdtime.epochfloatnu0[0.06/6.2] QPO centroid frequencyHzem.freqfloate_nu0[0/0.11] Lower uncertainty in nu0Hzstat.errorfloatE_nu0[0/0.09] Upper uncertainty in nu0Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatl_DeltaUpper limit flag on Deltameta.code.error;pos.eq.deccharDelta[0.001/0.54] QPO half width at half maximumHzspect.line.widthfloate_Delta[0.001/0.12]? Lower uncertainty in DeltaHzstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatnullableE_Delta[0.003/0.14]? Upper uncertainty in DeltaHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_rmsLower limit flag on rmsmeta.code.error;instr.det.noisecharrms[0.019/0.15] QPO root mean squarestat.errorfloate_rms[0.003/0.03]? Lower uncertainty in rmsstat.error;instr.det.noisefloatnullableE_rms[0.003/0.03]? Upper uncertainty in rmsstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableQ[0.6/50.8] QPO quality factor (G1)arith.factorfloatsigma[1.3/6.3] Detection significance of the QPOstat.fit.goodnessfloatNum[1/4] QPO component numbermeta.numberintJ/ApJ/889/142/table3Parameters of the noise components of the PDS derived from NICER datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[1.58/552.02] Days since 2018 March 11thdtime.epochfloatl_nuBLN1Upper limit flag on nuBLN1meta.code.errorcharnuBLN1[0/29.4] Characteristic frequency of 1st band limited noise componentHzem.freqfloate_nuBLN1[0/6.2]? Lower uncertainty in nuBLN1Hzstat.errorfloatnullableE_nuBLN1[0/12.3]? Upper uncertainty in nuBLN1Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_rmsBLN1Lower limit flag on rmsBLN1meta.code.errorcharrmsBLN1[0.03/1.22] First band limited noise component root mean squarestat.errorfloate_rmsBLN1[0.001/1.1]? Lower uncertainty in rmsBLN1stat.errorfloatnullableE_rmsBLN1[0.001/6.1]? Upper uncertainty in rmsBLN1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablenuBLN2[0.007/25]? Characteristic frequency of 2nd band limited noise componentHzem.freqfloatnullablee_nuBLN2[0.001/5.6]? Lower uncertainty in nuBLN2Hzstat.errorfloatnullableE_nuBLN2[0/12.6]? Upper uncertainty in nuBLN2Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_rmsBLN2Lower limit flag on rmsBLN2meta.code.errorcharrmsBLN2[0.018/0.43]? Second band limited noise component root mean squarestat.errorfloatnullablee_rmsBLN2[0.001/0.09]? Lower uncertainty in rmsBLN2stat.errorfloatnullableE_rmsBLN2[0.001/0.08]? Upper uncertainty in rmsBLN2stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_nuPN1Upper limit flag on nuPN1meta.code.errorcharnuPN1[0.002/8.6]? Characteristic frequency of 1st peak noise componentHzem.freqfloatnullablee_nuPN1[0.001/2.9]? Lower uncertainty in nuPN1Hzstat.errorfloatnullableE_nuPN1[0.001/2.6]? Upper uncertainty in nuPN1Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_rmsPN1Lower limit flag on rmsPN1meta.code.errorcharrmsPN1[0.005/1]? First peak noise component root mean squarestat.errorfloatnullablee_rmsPN1[0.001/0.3]? Lower uncertainty in rmsPN1stat.errorfloatnullableE_rmsPN1[0.001/0.6]? Upper uncertainty in rmsPN1stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableQPN1[0.39/11.82]? First PN component quality factor (G1)meta.code.qualfloatnullablesigma[0.85/34.53]? Detection significance of the QPO1stat.fit.goodnessfloatnullableJ/ApJ/889/142/table4Parameters of the QPOs of the PDS derived from NICER datal_DeltaUpper limit flag on Deltameta.code.error;pos.eq.deccharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[10.39/551.57] Days since 2018 March 11thdtime.epochfloatnu0[0.018/13.75] QPO centroid frequencyHzem.freqfloate_nu0[0/0.32] Lower uncertainty in nu0Hzstat.errorfloatE_nu0[0/0.45] Upper uncertainty in nu0Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatDelta[0.001/2.17] QPO half width at half maximumHzspect.line.widthfloate_Delta[0.001/0.5]? Lower uncertainty in DeltaHzstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatnullableE_Delta[0/0.5]? Upper uncertainty in DeltaHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_rmsLower limit flag on rmsmeta.code.error;instr.det.noisecharrms[0.01/0.2] QPO root mean squarestat.errorfloate_rms[0.001/0.05]? Upper uncertainty in rmsstat.error;instr.det.noisefloatnullableE_rms[0.001/0.04]? Upper uncertainty in rmsstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableQ[0.07/76.83] QPO quality factor (G1)arith.factorfloatsigma[0.88/18] Detection significance of the QPOstat.fit.goodnessfloatNum[1/2] QPO component numbermeta.numberintJ/ApJ/889/142/table5Additional Lorentzian needed to fit QPO at higher frequency in NICER datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[23.32/115.88] Days since 2018 March 11thdtime.epochfloatnu0[0.16/3.52] QPO centroid frequencyHzem.freqfloate_nu0[0.008/0.34] Lower uncertainty in nu0Hzstat.errorfloatE_nu0[0.008/0.41] Upper uncertainty in nu0Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatl_DeltaUpper limit flag on Deltameta.code.error;pos.eq.deccharDelta[0.048/1.98] QPO half width at half maximumHzspect.line.widthfloate_Delta[0.007/0.3]? Lower uncertainty in DeltaHzstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatnullableE_Delta[0.002/0.3]? Upper uncertainty in DeltaHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablel_rmsLower limit flag on rmsmeta.code.error;instr.det.noisecharrms[0.009/0.13] QPO root mean squarestat.errorfloate_rms[0.005/0.04]? Upper uncertainty in rmsstat.error;instr.det.noisefloatnullableE_rms[0.004/0.04]? Upper uncertainty in rmsstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableQ[0.8/75.4] QPO quality factor (G1)arith.factorfloatsigma[1.18/6.6] Detection significance of the QPOstat.fit.goodnessfloatJ/ApJ/889/142/table6Additional QPOs or peaked noise featuresE_rms[0.003/0.01] Upper uncertainty in rmsstat.error;stat.maxfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTime[85.26/525.05] Days since 2018 March 11thdtime.epochfloatnu0[0.08/1.41] QPO centroid frequencyHzem.freqfloate_nu0[0.006/0.06] Lower uncertainty in nu0Hzstat.errorfloatE_nu0[0.001/0.05] Upper uncertainty in nu0Hzstat.error;stat.maxfloatl_DeltaUpper limit flag on Deltameta.code.error;pos.eq.deccharDelta[0.014/0.4] QPO half width at half maximumHzspect.line.widthfloate_Delta[0.01/0.07]? Lower uncertainty in DeltaHzstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatnullableE_Delta[0.007/0.09]? Upper uncertainty in DeltaHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablerms[0.024/0.22] QPO root mean squarestat.errorfloate_rms[0.003/0.02] Upper uncertainty in rmsstat.error;instr.det.noisefloatQ[0.69/12.6] QPO quality factor (G1)arith.factorfloatsigma[2.4/25.4] Detection significance of the QPOstat.fit.goodnessfloat