J/ApJ/888/36ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/888/36doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18880036CDSReines A.E.Condon J.J.Darling J.Greene J.E.2021-10-25T10:17:58Z2021-07-19T13:12:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-galaxiesredshiftedabsolute-magnitudevisible-astronomytwo-color-diagramsactive-galactic-nucleiblack-holesWe present a sample of nearby dwarf galaxies with radio-selected accreting massive black holes (BHs), the majority of which are non-nuclear. We observed 111 galaxies using sensitive, high-resolution observations from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) in its most extended A-configuration at X band (~8-12GHz), yielding a typical angular resolution of ~0.25" and rms noise of ~15{mu}Jy. Our targets were selected by crossmatching galaxies with stellar masses M_*_<=3x10^9^M_{sun}_ and redshifts z<0.055 in the NASA-Sloan Atlas with the VLA Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty centimeters Survey. With our new high-resolution VLA observations, we detect compact radio sources toward 39 galaxies and carefully evaluate possible origins for the radio emission, including thermal HII regions, supernova remnants, younger radio supernovae, background interlopers, and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the target galaxies. We find that 13 dwarf galaxies almost certainly host active massive BHs, despite the fact that only one object was previously identified as having optical signatures of an AGN. We also identify a candidate dual radio AGN in a more massive galaxy system. The majority of the radio-detected BHs are offset from the center of the host galaxies, with some systems showing signs of interactions/mergers. Our results indicate that massive BHs need not always live in the nuclei of dwarf galaxies, confirming predictions from simulations. Moreover, searches attempting to constrain BH seed formation using observations of dwarf galaxies need to account for such a population of "wandering" BHs.2020ApJ...888...36Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/888/36CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)VIII/92 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 2014Dec17 (Helfand+ 2015)J/ApJ/393/149 : W49N H2O maser outflow: distance and kinematics (Winn+, 1992)J/ApJ/670/92 : New sample of low-mass black holes in AGN (Greene+, 2007)J/ApJ/703/370 : Radio SNRs in nearby galaxies (Chomiuk+, 2009)J/ApJ/755/167 : Low-mass black holes in SDSS Seyfert 1 galaxies (Dong+, 2012)J/ApJ/775/116 : z<0.06 active BH galaxies from SDSS-DR8 (Reines+, 2013)J/ApJ/799/72 : Binary AGNs from the VLA Stripe 82 survey (Fu+, 2015)J/ApJ/813/82 : z<0.06 broad-line AGN emission-line measures (Reines+, 2015)J/MNRAS/454/3722 : AGN in nearby low-mass galaxies (Sartori+, 2015)J/A+A/593/A86 : Arp 220 LOFAR radio images at 150MHz (Varenius+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A28 : IR signature of CMBH in nearby dwarf galaxies (Marleau+, 2017)J/ApJ/872/148 : 2MASX/NVSS gal. brighter than K_20fe_=12.25 (Condon+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A173 : SNe/SNRs in starburst galaxy Arp 220 (Varenius+, 2019)http://www.nsatlas.org/ : NASA-Sloan Atlas home pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/888/36https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/888/36http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/888/36https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/888/36https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/888/36http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/888/36GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/888/36/galaxies (Observed dwarf galaxy with FIRST detections (Table 1) and VLA observations (Table 2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/888/36/galaxies?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/888/36/galaxies?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/888/36/galaxies?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true4.53817-9.059930.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/888/36/table3 (Compact radio sources detected toward target galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/888/36/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/888/36/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/888/36/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true4.7499415.119730.0055555555555555566/44 4149 4191 4349 4506 4732 5058 5082 5223 5244 5298 5499 5672 5735 5839 5894 5918 5940 5971 6042 6046 6104 6125 6217 6593 7194 7198 7207 7219 7283 7361 7364 7379 7458 7460 7466 8748 9308 9478 10013 10095 10379 10393 10400 10441 10475 10765 10769 10965 12397 17255 17503 17560 17604 17755 17767 17952 17972 17991 18027 18032 18400 18931 19051 19671 19696 23195 25585 25594 26139 26142 26248 26265 26329 26534 26573 26592 26948 26967 27031 27192 27199 27205 27217 27243 27248 27340 27394 27418 27603 27677 27714 27725 27737 27781 27830 27836 28041 28147 28154 28264 28282 28333 28517 28547 28574 28593 28617 28643 32682 409529.276497240453405e-25 5.963462613277209e-24https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/888/36?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/888/36/galaxiesObserved dwarf galaxy with FIRST detections (Table 1) and VLA observations (Table 2)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/111] Running identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintprimaryNrNumber of radio sources detected toward this galaxy (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableNameTarget galaxy (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.idcharNSAID[7/171025] NASA-Sloan Atlas identification numbermeta.idintRAJ2000[4.5/360] Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[-10.1/62.5] Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz[0.0029/0.05] Redshift (1)src.redshiftfloatlogM*[7.5/9.5] Log stellar mass (1)log(solMass)phys.massfloatgMag[-20/-13.2] Absolute g-band magnitude (1)(2)magphys.magAbsfloatg-r[-0.6/1.1] The (g-r) color index (1)(2)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatr50[0.18/10.4] Petrosian 50% light radius (1)kpcphysfloatn[0.5/6] Sersic index (1)stat.fit.paramfloatS[0.45/20.7] FIRST 1.4GHz radio flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzfloatoffset[0/4.8] FIRST/optical positional offsetarcsecpos.angDistance;arith.difffloatDateDate observedtime.epochnullableFluxcalFlux and bandpass calibratormeta.idcharPhasecalPhase calibrator (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.idcharBeam9Synthesized beam size at 9GHz (lower baseband)arcsec**2phys.angSize;em.radio.6-12GHz;instr.beamcharPA9[-86/88] Beam position angle at 9GHzdegpos.posAng;instr.beamintrms9[12/29] RMS noise in 9 GHz imageuJy/beaminstr.det.noiseintBeam10Synthesized beam size at 10.65GHz (upper baseband)arcsec**2phys.angSize;em.radio.6-12GHz;instr.beamcharPA10[-90/88] Beam position angle at 10.65GHzdegpos.posAng;instr.beamintrms10[13/36] RMS noise in 10.65 GHz imageuJy/beaminstr.det.noiseintFIRSTDisplay data from FIRST (VIII/92) within 4.8"meta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the online SDSS-DR14 data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/888/36/table3Compact radio sources detected toward target galaxiesS9GHz[63/21831] Flux density at 9GHzuJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqGalaxy identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintm_SeqComponent on Seqmeta.code.multipcharNameTarget galaxy (JHHMM+DDMM)meta.idcharRAJ2000Radio right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Radio declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainOffset[0/4.9] Offset from optical center of the galaxyarcsecpos;arith.difffloate_S9GHz[10/200] S9GHz uncertainty (1)uJystat.errorintlogL9GHz[18.5/22.4] Log spectral luminosity at 9GHzlog(W.Hz**-1)phys.luminosity;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatalpha[-3.1/0.4]? Spectral index (S_{nu}_{propto}{nu}^{alpha}^) (2)spect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha[0.1/4.2]? alpha uncertaintystat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullablePSDesignation as a point source (or not), determined from IMFITmeta.codecharNoteNote (3)meta.notecharCommComment (4)meta.notechar