J/ApJ/887/75ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/887/75doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18870075CDSTinyanont S.Lau R.M.Kasliwal M.M.Maeda K.Smith N.Fox O.D.,Gehrz R.D.De K.Jencson J.Bally J.Masci F.2026-07-02T11:58:05Z2021-06-10T09:08:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaeinfrared-astronomyspectroscopySupernova (SN) 2014C is unique: a seemingly typical hydrogen-poor SN that started to interact with a dense, hydrogen-rich circumstellar medium (CSM) ~100 days post-explosion. The delayed interaction suggests a detached CSM shell, unlike in a typical SNIIn where the CSM is much closer and the interaction commences earlier post-explosion, indicating a different mass-loss history. We present infrared observations of SN 2014C 1-5yr post-explosion, including uncommon 9.7{mu}m imaging with COMICS on the Subaru telescope. Spectroscopy shows the intermediate-width HeI 1.083{mu}m emission from the interacting region up to the latest epoch 1639 days post-explosion. The last Spitzer/IRAC photometry at 1920 days confirms ongoing CSM interaction. The 1-10{mu}m spectral energy distributions (SEDs) can be explained by a dust model with a mixture of 62% carbonaceous and 38% silicate dust, pointing to a chemically inhomogeneous CSM. The inference of silicate dust is the first among interacting SNe. An SED model with purely carbonaceous CSM dust, while possible, requires more than 0.22M_{sun}_ of dust, an order of magnitude larger than what has been observed in any SNe at this epoch. The light curve beyond 500days is well fit by an interaction model with a wind-driven CSM and a mass-loss rate of ~10-3M_{sun}_/yr, which presents an additional CSM density component exterior to the constant-density shell reported previously in the literature. SN 2014C could originate in a binary system, similar to RY Scuti, which would explain the observed chemical and density profile inhomogeneity in the CSM.2019ApJ...887...75Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/887/75CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)B/gemini : The Gemini Observation Log (CADC, 2001-)B/vsx : AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-2014)J/ApJ/741/97 : Light curves of Ibc supernovae (Drout+, 2011)J/MNRAS/411/1597 : LMC point source classification in SAGE-Spec (Woods+, 2011)J/ApJ/756/173 : Phot. of type IIn SNe 2005ip and 2006jd (Stritzinger+, 2012)J/ApJ/839/88 : 14 unusual IR transients with Spitzer (Kasliwal+, 2017)J/ApJ/886/40 : Most luminous SPIRITS IR transients obs. (Jencson+, 2019)J/ApJS/241/38 : A comprehensive analysis of Spitzer SNe (Szalai+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/887/75https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/887/75http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/887/75https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/887/75https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/887/75http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/887/75GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/887/75/table2Log of Spectroscopic Observations of SN 2014CrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateDate of observationtime.epochnullableEpoch[268/1693] Epoch of observationdtime.epochintTelTelescopemeta.id;instr.telcharInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharBandBand(s)instr.bandpasscharExpExposure time (s)stime.duration;obs.exposurecharfitsDownload the FITS filemeta.ref.urlcharFileNameName of the FITS file in subdirectory spmeta.id;meta.fitscharSpInteractive spectrum plotmeta.ref.urlchar