J/ApJ/886/33ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/886/33doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18860033CDSLyu J.Rieke G.H.Smith P.S.2021-07-05T11:38:32Z2021-04-29T14:50:42ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiinfrared-photometryredshiftedsurveysThe continued operation of the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), combined with several ground-based optical transient surveys (e.g., CRTS, ASAS-SN, and PTF), offers an unprecedented opportunity to explore the dust structures in luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We use these data for a mid-IR dust reverberation mapping (RM) study of 87 archetypal Palomar-Green quasars at z<~0.5. To cope with various contaminations of the photometry data and the sparse time sampling of the light curves, procedures to combine these data sets and retrieve the dust RM signals have been developed. We find that ~70% of the sample (with a completeness correction up to 95%) has convincing mid-IR time lags in the WISE W1 (~3.4{mu}m) and W2 (~4.5{mu}m) bands, and they are proportional to the square root of the AGN luminosity. Combined with previous K-band (~2.2{mu}m) RM results in the literature, the inferred dust emission size ratios are R_K_:R_W1_:R_W2_=0.6:1:1.2. Under simple assumptions, we put preliminary constraints on the projected dust surface density at these bands and reveal the possibly different torus structures among hot-dust-deficient, warm-dust-deficient, and normal quasars from the reverberation signals. With multi-epoch Spitzer data and later WISE photometry, we also explore AGN IR variability at 10-24{mu}m over a 5yr timescale. Except for blazars and flat-spectrum radio sources, the majority of AGNs have typical variation amplitudes at 24{mu}m of no more than 10% of that in the W1 band, indicating that the dust reverberation signals damp out quickly at longer wavelengths. In particular, steep-spectrum radio quasars also lack strong 24{mu}m variability, consistent with the unification picture of radio-loud AGNs.2019ApJ...886...33Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/886/33CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/82 : 2nd Epoch Molonglo Galactic Plane Survey (MGPS-2) (Murphy+, 2007)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/ApJ/269/352 : Quasar evolution (Schmidt+, 1983)J/ApJS/95/1 : Atlas of Quasar Energy Distributions (Elvis+ 1994)J/ApJ/613/682 : AGN central masses & broad-line region sizes (Peterson+, 2004)J/ApJ/640/579 : Near-infrared spectra of 27 SDSS quasars (Glikman+, 2006)J/PASP/119/994 : MIPS 24um calibrators (Engelbracht+, 2007)J/ApJ/666/806 : SED of Spitzer quasars (QUEST) (Netzer+, 2007)J/AJ/136/2373 : Type 2 quasars from SDSS (Reyes+, 2008)J/ApJ/696/870 : Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) (Drake+, 2009)J/ApJ/698/895 : Variations in QSOs optical flux (Kelly+, 2009)J/AJ/142/3 : 1.4GHz observations of Stripe 82 (Hodge+, 2011)J/ApJ/788/159 : 17 Seyfert 1 galaxies light curves (Koshida+, 2014)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/A+A/561/L8 : BRJK photometry of Seyfert galaxy WPVS48 (Pozo Nunez+, 2014)J/ApJ/788/48 : X-ray through NIR photometry of NGC 2617 (Shappee+, 2014)J/ApJS/214/23 : IR spectra and photometry of z<0.5 quasars (Shi+, 2014)J/ApJS/216/17 : AKARI 2.5-5um spectra of nearby Type-1 AGNs (Kim+, 2015)J/AJ/149/11 : Spectra of candidate standard stars in mid-IR (Sloan+, 2015)J/ApJ/801/127 : 3.6um, 4.5um, B & V light curves of NGC 6418 (Vazquez+, 2015)J/ApJ/831/168 : 6GHz JVLA obs. of low-z SDSS quasars (Kellermann+, 2016)J/ApJS/224/26 : SEDs of Roma BZCAT blazars (Mao+, 2016)J/ApJ/836/186 : Continuum-band lags in SDSS QSOs from PS1 obs. (Jiang+, 2017)J/ApJ/841/76 : Intrinsic far-IR SED of luminous AGNs (Lyu+, 2017)J/MNRAS/471/59 : Intrinsic AGN SEDs in PG quasars (Lani+, 2017)J/A+A/620/A137 : CCD B,V,R,I,Ha photometry of 3C120 (Ramolla+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/886/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/886/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/886/33https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/886/33https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/886/33http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/886/33GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/886/33/table2 (Quasar flux measurements at 24 microns and the variability results for 139 sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/886/33/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/886/33/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/886/33/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.765048915.90657640.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/886/33/table4 (Summary of the mid-IR reverberation properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/886/33/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/886/33/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/886/33/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.496824716.16361750.0055555555555555566/18 269 530 556 647 725 1701 2052 2216 2227 2245 3803 4088 4215 4405 4506 4536 4545 5091 5244 5311 5333 5437 5481 5483 5576 5687 5731 5795 5817 5819 6015 6028 6535 7061 7246 7522 7548 7998 8017 8071 8299 8420 8528 8597 8606 8612 8636 8641 8705 8845 8881 8893 8906 8927 8941 8943 8973 8989 9018 9019 9181 9194 9223 9246 9262 9490 9612 9959 10004 10039 10162 10217 10269 10355 10374 10472 10578 10605 10691 10694 10707 10709 10761 11203 11217 11354 11388 11430 11456 11512 11668 11829 11924 12180 12317 12380 12630 12631 12632 12892 13496 14744 15045 15064 15909 16059 16478 17816 17819 18007 18017 18028 18127 18207 18773 18918 18919 19287 19315 19413 19416 19433 19567 19637 19678 19700 19730 19746 19767 19830 19883 19932 19966 23233 25403 25735 25742 25800 25851 25916 25965 26212 26292 26293 26310 26509 26736 26859 26902 27023 27025 27105 27227 27293 27349 27580 27593 27714 27720 27765 27773 27848 27862 27976 28031 28060 28113 28149 28164 28249 28356 28471 28492 31352 31650 32408 32499 32683 33930 34065 34104 35836 36559 37650 40777 44785 44908 44988 47014 473758.157980699529898e-21 2.1279058820884434e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/886/33?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/886/33/table2Quasar flux measurements at 24 microns and the variability results for 139 sourcesz[0.003/0.5]? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameQuasar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharJD[3058.1/5409] Julian Date; JD-2450000dtime.epochfloatf_JD[a] Flag on JD (1)meta.codecharF24[1.1/2882.8]? The 24 micron flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_F24[0.2/65.3]? Uncertainty in F24mJystat.errorfloatnullableStDev[0/71.1]? Standard deviation of flux density changestat.stdev;phot.flux.densityfloatnullableCommCommentsmeta.notecharFlag[bcdef] Flag (1)meta.code.errorcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/886/33/table4Summary of the mid-IR reverberation propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameQuasar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryz[0.03/0.47] Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatSEDIR SED type from Lyu+ 2017ApJ...835..257Lsrc.classcharLbol[10.6/13.4] AGN bolometric luminosity (1)solLumphys.luminosityfloatloge-s[-2.88/1.09] DRW model amplitude (log_e_({sigma})) (2)log(mag)src.var.amplitudefloatloge-t[2.66/7.74] DRW model timescale (log_e_({tau})) (2)log(mag)time.scalefloatdelt[79.6/2607.5] IR dust time-lag (observed frame) from WISE W1-band light curves ({Delta}t_W1,{chi}2_) (3)time.intervalfloate_delt[0.4/744.1] delt uncertaintystat.errorfloatAmpW1[0/20] IR-optical variability amplitude factor from WISE W1-band light curvessrc.var.amplitudefloate_AmpW1[0/1] AmpW1 uncertaintystat.errorfloatdeltW1c[-300/3700] W1-band dust time-lag suggested by cross-correlation analysis ({Delta}t_W1,CCF_)time.intervalintCCFW1[0.3/0.99] Peak CCF value for W1stat.correlationfloatdeltW2[83.8/2614.9] IR dust time-lag (observed frame) from WISE W2-band light curves ({Delta}t_W2,{chi}2_)time.intervalfloate_deltW2[0.2/815.7] deltW2 uncertaintystat.errorfloatAmpW2[0/17.3] IR-optical variability amplitude factor from WISE W2-band light curvessrc.var.amplitudefloate_AmpW2[0/1.3] AmpW2 uncertaintystat.errorfloatdeltW2c[29/3700] W2-band dust time-lag suggested by cross-correlation analysis ({Delta}t_W2,CCF_)time.intervalintCCFW2[0.31/0.98] Peak CCF value for W2stat.correlationfloatf_W1[0/1] Flag on W1 data (1=used for reverberation analysis)meta.codeintf_W2[0/1] Flag on W2 data (1=used for reverberation analysis)meta.codeintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/886/33/table5PG quasar variability at 12 and 22 micronsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameQuasar identifier (1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryMJD-12[52989.7/55387.5] Modified Julian Date of 12 micron observationdtime.epochfloatF12[10/478.2]? WISE (W3) 12um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_F12[0.27/15]? Uncertainty in F12mJystat.errorfloatnullableStDev-12[-4.8/6.4]? Standard deviation of 12um flux density changestat.stdev;phot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableDelM-W3[0/0.3]? WISE W3 band magnitude changemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableMJD-22[52989.7/55387.5]? Modified Julian Date of 22 micron observationdtime.epochfloatnullableF22[12/893]? WISE (W4) 22um flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_F22[0.7/19.1]? Uncertainty in F22mJystat.errorfloatnullableStDev-22[-2.6/10.3]? Standard deviation of 22um flux density changestat.stdev;phot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableDelM-W4[0/0.4]? WISE W4 band magnitude changemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableCommCommentmeta.notechar