J/ApJ/881/125ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/881/125doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18810125CDSDing N.Gu Q.S.Geng X.F.Xiong D.-R.Xue R.Wang X.Y.Guo X.T.2021-07-05T07:26:51Z2021-02-10T13:14:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsgamma-ray-astronomyx-ray-sourcesultraviolet-photometryvisible-astronomyradio-astronomypolarimetryThe origin of the multiband activities (outbursts/flares) of blazars is still a heavily debated topic. Shock and magnetic reconnection have long been considered as possible triggers of the multiband activities. In this paper, we present an exploration of the origin of multiband activities for a high-redshift (z=1.8385) flat-spectrum radio quasar PKS 1502+106. Utilizing multiband data from radio to {gamma}-ray and optical polarization observations, we investigate two dramatic activities in detail: a {gamma}-ray- dominated outburst in 2015 and an optical-dominated outburst in 2017. Our main results are as follows. (I) A fast {gamma}-ray flare with a flux-doubling timescale as short as 1 hr in 2015 is discovered. Based on the variability timescale, the physical parameters of the flaring region (e.g., minimum Doppler factor, emission region size, etc.) are constrained. At the peak of the flare, the {gamma}-ray spectrum hardens to {Gamma}_{gamma}_=1.82+/-0.04 and exhibits an obvious curvature/break characteristic that is caused by the typical "cooling break." Modeling of multiband spectral energy distributions reveal a very hard electronic energy spectrum with the electronic spectral index of 1.07+/-0.53. This result suggests that this fast {gamma}-ray flare may be triggered by magnetic reconnection. (II) During the outburst in 2017, the degree of optical polarization and optical fluxes showed a very tight correlation. By analyzing the Stokes parameters of polarization observations, our results show that this outburst could be triggered by a transverse shock with a compression ratio of {eta}>2.2, and the magnetic field intensity of the shock emission region is about 0.032G.2019ApJ...881..125Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/881/125CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/swift : Swift Master Catalog (HEASARC, 2004-)B/xmm : XMM-Newton Log (XMM-Newton Science Operation Center, 2012)VIII/85 : SPECFIND V2.0 Catalog of radio continuum spectra (Vollmer+ 2009)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)VII/287 : Extragalactic linear polarizations (Friedman+, 2020)J/A+A/441/915 : Alignments of quasar polarization vectors (Hutsemekers+, 2005)J/AJ/131/1262 : Circular polarization images at 15GHz of AGNs (Homan+, 2006)J/ApJ/672/40 : AO 0235+164 outburst in 2006 December (Hagen-Thorn+, 2008)J/ApJS/189/1 : A 3.5mm polarimetric survey of radio-loud AGNs (Agudo+, 2010)J/ApJ/722/520 : Gamma-ray light curves of Fermi blazars (Abdo+, 2010)J/ApJS/194/19 : Optical linear polarization at McDonald Obs. (Wills+, 2011)J/ApJS/194/29 : Observations of blazars at 15GHz (Richards+, 2011)J/ApJS/199/31 : Fermi LAT second source catalog (2FGL) (Nolan+, 2012)J/A+A/538/A26 : BL Lac objects beyond z=1.3 (Rau+, 2012)J/A+A/541/A160 : Planck + X/{gamma} observations of blazars (Giommi+, 2012)J/ApJ/748/49 : Optical spectroscopy of 1LAC broad-line blazars (Shaw+, 2012)J/ApJ/757/51 : FIRST-2MASS dust-reddened QSO spectra (Glikman+, 2012)J/ApJ/761/125 : X and {gamma} spectral indexes of Fermi blazars (Fan+, 2012)J/ApJ/768/40 : R-band & polarimetry of the blazar S5 0716+71 (Larionov+, 2013)J/MNRAS/439/690 : Optical/{gamma}-ray variability in blazars (Hovatta+, 2014)J/ApJS/218/23 : Fermi LAT third source catalog (3FGL) (Acero+, 2015)J/ApJ/833/77 : gamma-ray bright blazars optical polarization (Itoh+, 2016)J/A+A/586/A60 : PKS 1502+106 15, 43 and 86GHz images (Karamanavis+, 2016)J/A+A/590/A10 : 3C 279 optical photometry and polarimetry (Kiehlmann+, 2016)J/ApJS/226/20 : X-ray, opt. & radio SEDs of Fermi blazars (Fan+, 2016)J/ApJ/851/33 : Multi-wavelength analysis of CGRaBS blazars (Paliya+, 2017)J/ApJS/234/12 : MOJAVE XV. VLBA 15GHz obs. of AGNs 1996-2016 (Lister+, 2018)J/ApJ/865/56 : Emission line & R-band continuum LCs of 17 QSOs (Lira+, 2018)J/other/RAA/18.56 : gamma-ray spectrum for Fermi blazars (Kang+, 2018)J/ApJ/880/29 : X-ray polarization predictions in blazars (Liodakis+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/881/125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/881/125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/881/125https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/881/125https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/881/125http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/881/125GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap9.939104355462015e-24 6.3822865317120225e-19Gamma-rayX-rayUVOpticalRadiodefaultJ/ApJ/881/125/fig1Multiwavelength LCs of PKS1502+106 from 2014-Oct-10 to 2018-Oct-10e_FU[0.01/0.04]? Uncertainty in F-UmJystat.errordoublenullableFV[0.53/1.58]? Swift-UVOT V band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.VdoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJDG[56985.5/58399.5] Modified Julian Date of LAT observationdtime.epochdoubleFG[0.8/15.4] Fermi-LAT 0.1-300GeV flux1e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux.density;em.gamma.hardfloate_FG[0.2/1.4] Uncertainty in F-G1e-07ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errorfloatMJDX[57212.8/58338.5]? Modified Julian Date of XRT observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFX[1.2/5.4]? Swift-XRT count rate0.01count.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoublenullablee_FX[0.2/1]? Uncertainty in F-X0.01count.s**-1stat.errordoublenullableMJDW2[57211.6/58338.5]? Modified Julian Date of W2 observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFW2[0.02/0.33]? Swift-UVOT W2 band flux densitymJyphot.flux;em.UVdoublenullablee_FW2[0.002/0.02]? Uncertainty in F-W2mJystat.errordoublenullableMJDM2[57211.6/58123]? Modified Julian Date of M2 observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFM2[0.12/0.4]? Swift-UVOT M2 band flux densitymJyphot.flux;em.UVdoublenullablee_FM2[0.005/0.02]? Uncertainty in F-M2mJystat.errordoublenullableMJDW1[57211.6/58123]? Modified Julian Date of W1 observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFW1[0.14/0.48]? Swift-UVOT W1 band flux densitymJyphot.flux;em.UVdoublenullablee_FW1[0.008/0.02]? Uncertainty in F-W1mJystat.errordoublenullableMJDU[57211.6/58123]? Modified Julian Date of U observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFU[0.27/0.83]? Swift-UVOT U band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.UdoublenullableMJDB[57211.6/58123]? Modified Julian Date of B observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFB[0.41/1.16]? Swift-UVOT B band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_FB[0.02/0.06]? Uncertainty in F-BmJystat.errordoublenullableMJDV[57211.6/58123]? Modified Julian Date of V observationmJytime.epochdoublenullablee_FV[0.04/0.09]? Uncertainty in F-VmJystat.errordoublenullableMJDVs[57014.5/58306.4]? Modified Julian Date of Vs observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFVs[0.14/2.24]? Steward Observatory V band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_FVs[0.01/0.3]? Uncertainty in F-VsmJystat.errorfloatnullableMJDRs[57014.5/58306.4]? Modified Julian Date of Rs observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFRs[0.18/3.08]? Steward Observatory R band flux densitymJyphot.flux.density;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_FRs[0.02/0.4]? Uncertainty in F-RsmJystat.errorfloatnullableMJDRad[56940/58303.1]? Modified Julian Date of Rad observationdtime.epochdoublenullableFRad[1.24/4.12]? OVRO 15GHz flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzdoublenullablee_FRad[0.01/0.15]? Uncertainty in F-RadJystat.errordoublenullableMJDPD[57014.5/58306.3]? Modified Julian Date of PD observationdtime.epochdoublenullablePD[1.12/48.5]? Optical polarization degree%phys.polarizationfloatnullablee_PD[0.05/1.6]? Uncertainty in PD%stat.errorfloatnullableMJDPA[57014.5/58306.3]? Modified Julian Date of PA observationdtime.epochdoublenullablePA[59.3/345.1]? Optical polarization angledegpos.posAng;phys.polarizationfloatnullablee_PA[0.1/12.7]? Uncertainty in PAdegstat.errorfloatnullableJ/ApJ/881/125/table1Summary of Swift-XRT Observations of PKS 1502+106dof[24/180] Degree of freedomstat.fit.dofintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObsID[36388020/94003008] Observation identifiermeta.id;obs.param;obslongf_ObsIDFlag on ObsID (1)meta.codecharDateDate of observation (UT)time.epochnullableMJD[57211.6/58338.5] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleExp[566.89/4729.87] Net exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposure;src.netfloatFlux[0.41/2.71] 0.3-10keV model flux in 10^-12^erg/cm^2^/s units1e-15W.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-rayfloate_Flux[0.11/0.85] 1{sigma} uncertainty in Flux1e-15W.m**-2stat.error;phot.fluxfloatGamma[1.03/2.11] Best-fit photon index {Gamma}_X_meta.code;spect.index;meta.modelledfloate_Gamma[0.1/0.61] 1{sigma} lower uncertainty in Gammastat.errorfloatE_Gamma[0.1/0.63] 1{sigma} upper uncertainty in Gammastat.error;stat.maxfloatCstat[9.9/130.5] C statisticsstat.fit.paramfloat