J/ApJ/880/L1ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/880/L1doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18809001CDSArmstrong D.J.Meru F.Bayliss D.Kennedy G.M.Veras D.2021-04-27T11:12:32Z2021-02-08T14:45:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frexoplanetsstellar-massesastronomical-modelsStructure in the planet distribution provides an insight into the processes that shape the formation and evolution of planets. The Kepler mission has led to an abundance of statistical discoveries in regards to planetary radius, but the number of observed planets with measured masses is much smaller. By incorporating results from recent mass determination programs, we have discovered a new gap emerging in the planet population for sub-Neptune-mass planets with orbital periods less than 20 days. The gap follows a slope of decreasing mass with increasing orbital period, has a width of a few M_{Earth}_, and is potentially completely devoid of planets. Fitting Gaussian mixture models to the planet population in this region favors a bimodel distribution over a unimodel one with a reduction in Bayesian information criterion of 19.9, highlighting the gap significance. We discuss several processes that could generate such a feature in the planet distribution, including a pileup of planets above the gap region, tidal interactions with the host star, dynamical interactions with the disk, with other planets, or with accreting material during the formation process.2019ApJ...880L...1Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/880/L1CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIV/34 : K2 Ecliptic Plane Input Catalog (EPIC) (Huber+, 2017)J/ApJ/787/80 : 139 Kepler planets transit time variations (Hadden+, 2014)J/ApJ/821/89 : 12yrs of RVel obs. of exoplanet systems (Bryan+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A107 : 231 transiting planets eccentricity and mass (Bonomo+, 2017)J/AJ/154/109 : California-Kepler Survey. III. Planet radii (Fulton+, 2017)J/ApJS/239/2 : Simulated exoplanets from TESS list of targets (Barclay+, 2018)J/ApJS/235/38 : Kepler planetary cand. VIII. DR25 reliability (Thompson+, 2018)J/ApJS/239/32 : APOKASC-2 catalog of Kepler evolved stars (Pinsonneault+, 2018)J/AJ/155/48 : California-Kepler Survey. V. Masses and radii (Weiss+, 2018)J/AJ/156/264 : CKS. VII. Planet radius gap (Fulton+, 2018)J/AJ/157/116 : RVels of K2-291 with HIRES & HARPS-N (Kosiarek+, 2019)J/AJ/158/38 : New substellar discoveries from Kepler & K2 (Carmichael+, 2019)J/AJ/160/90 : Stellar parameters for 13196 Kepler dwarfs (Angus+, 2020)http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ : NASA exoplanet archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/880/L1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/880/L1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/880/L1https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/880/L1https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/880/L1http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/880/L1GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/880/L1/table1 (Planet sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/880/L1/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/880/L1/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/880/L1/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true346.6223683-5.04139780.0055555555555555566/3979 4651 5009 5420 5849 10146 10149 10278 14278 14419 14573 14733 14734 14735 14744 14753 14757 14762 14774 14794 14824 14825 14924 14936 14937 14939 14969 14973 15060 15110 15127 15134 15137 15149 15635 16758 16847 17266 18147 18163 18453 18496 18569 18574 18641 18726 18785 18786 18800 18881 20072 20543 20593 21076 21121 21473 22078 22309 22645 24223 24924 25238 25424 25699 25989 26062 26790 26972 27787 28548 29349 29838 30771 31216 32259 32335 32509 32848 32986 33160 33510 33813 33966 34301 34446 34767 35954 35968 36015 36555 38464 38744 38975 40143 41591 41752 41941 42101 42459 44740 44921 46135 48500https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/880/L1?format=asciidefaultJ/ApJ/880/L1/table1Planet sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSetSample identifier (1)meta.id;src.samplecharPeriod[0.28/19.73] Perioddtime.periodfloatMp[0.68/24.6] Planet mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatE_Mp[0.09/6.4] Upper uncertainty in Mp(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_Mp[0.09/6.4] Lower uncertainty in Mp(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatRp[1/7.1]? Planet radius(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radiusfloatnullablerho[0.27/11.82]? Planet densityg.cm**-3phys.densityfloatnullableecc[0/0.47]? Planet eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullableM*[0.08/1.4]? Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatnullableNp[1/7] Number of known planetsmeta.numberintObsDiscovery facilitymeta.id;instr.obstycharAuthAuthors and year of the referencemeta.bib.authorcharBibCodeADS style bibcode of the referencemeta.bib.bibcodechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main