J/ApJ/875/142ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/875/142doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/ba-vb-4eCDSXu X.D.Shi J.R.Yan H.L.2026-07-02T11:58:00Z2023-10-27T09:36:33ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starschemical-abundancesvisible-astronomyspectroscopyBased on the medium-high resolution (R~20000), modest signal-to-noise ratio (S/N>~70) FLAMES-GIRAFFE spectra, we investigated the copper abundances of 129 red giant branch stars in the Galactic bulge with [Fe/H] from -1.14 to 0.46 dex. The copper abundances are derived from both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) with the spectral synthesis method. We find that the NLTE effects for Cu I lines show a clear dependence on metallicity, and they gradually increase with decreasing [Fe/H] for our sample stars. Our results indicate that the NLTE effects of copper are important not only for metal-poor stars but also for supersolar metal-rich ones and the LTE results underestimate the Cu abundances. We note that the [Cu/Fe] trend of the bulge stars is similar to that of the Galactic disk stars spanning the metallicity range of -1.14<[Fe/H]<0.0dex, and the [Cu/Fe] ratios increase with increasing metallicity when [Fe/H] is from ~-1.2 to ~-0.5 dex, favoring a secondary (metallicity-dependent) production of Cu.2019ApJ...875..142Xhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/875/142CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/530/783 : The r-process enriched giant HD 115444 (Westin+, 2000)J/MNRAS/340/304 : [X/Fe] of Galactic disc F and G dwarfs (Reddy+, 2003)J/MNRAS/367/1329 : Elemental abundances for 176 stars (Reddy+, 2006)J/A+A/486/177 : Bulge field stars from FLAMES-GIRAFFE spectra (Zoccali+, 2008)J/ApJ/681/1524 : Detailed abundances for 28 metal-poor stars (Lai+, 2008)J/AZh/88/750 : Abundances in stars of gal. sub-structures (Mishenina+, 2011)J/ApJ/771/67 : Abundances for metal-poor stars. II. (Ishigaki+, 2013)J/ApJS/211/30 : Atomic data of CuI (Liu+, 2014)J/AJ/148/67 : Abundances of 156 bulge red giants (Johnson+, 2014)J/A+A/585/A102 : Copper abundances in solar neighborhood stars (Yan+, 2016)J/ApJ/857/2 : Abundances in 6 metal-poor stars (Roederer+, 2018)J/A+A/640/A89 : Galactic bulge red giants Co & Cu abundances (Ernandes+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/875/142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/875/142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/875/142https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/875/142https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/875/142http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/875/142GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/875/142/table2 (Copper abundances of our program stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/142/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/142/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/142/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.04270806-25.793166940.0055555555555555566/28882 47852-47853https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/875/142?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/875/142/table2Copper abundances of our program starsSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeff[4225/5350] Effective temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintlogg[1.35/3.75] Log of surface gravity (1)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat[Fe/H][-1.14/0.46] Metallicity (1)phys.abund.Zfloatxi[0.95/2.2] Microturbulent velocity (1)km/sphys.velocfloat[Cu/Fe][-0.5/0.34] LTE [Cu/Fe] abundancephys.abundfloat[Cu/Fe]N[-0.35/0.38] NLTE [Cu/Fe] abundancephys.abundfloat2MASSDisplay 2MASS (II/246) within 2"meta.ref.urlintnullableZ08Display data from Zoccali+ 2008, J/A+A/486/177 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable_RAPositions from Johnson+ 2014, J/AJ/148/67 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Johnson+ 2014, J/AJ/148/67 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainFieldGalactic coordinates of the Bulge fielddegobs.fieldcharNameStar identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchar