J/ApJ/875/124ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/875/124doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18750124CDSNeugent K.F.Levesque E.M.Massey P.Morrell N.I.2022-11-03T06:37:17Z2022-01-20T11:58:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupergiant-starsmultiple-starsb-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryspectroscopyeffective-temperatureThe percentage of massive main-sequence OB stars in binary systems is thought to be as high as 100%. However, very few Galactic binary red supergiants (RSGs) have been identified, despite the fact that these stars are the evolved descendants of OB stars. As shown in our recent paper, binary RSGs will likely have B-type companions, as dictated by stellar evolution considerations. Such a system will have a very unique photometric signature due to the shape of the spectral energy distribution. Using photometric cutoffs, it should therefore be possible to detect candidate RSG+B star binary systems. Here we present our spectroscopic follow-up observations of such candidates. Out of our initial list of 280 candidates in M31 and M33, we observed 149 and confirmed 63 as newly discovered RSG+B star binary systems. Additional spectra of four candidate systems in the Small Magellanic Cloud confirmed all of them as new RSG+B star binaries including the first known RSG+Be star system. By fitting BSTAR06 and MARCS model atmospheres to the newly obtained spectra, we place estimates on the temperatures and subtypes of both the B stars and RSGs. Overall, we have found 87 new RSG+B star binary systems in M31, M33 and the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds. Our future studies are aimed at determining the binary fraction of RSGs.2019ApJ...875..124Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/875/124CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/23 : MK Classification for OB Stars (Lesh 1968)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/366 : ASAS-SN catalog of variable stars (Jayasinghe+, 2018-2020)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/118/2211 : M31F eclipsing binaries and Cepheids (Mochejska+ 1999)J/A+A/383/188 : Spectrophotometric atlas of symbiotic stars (Munari+, 2002)J/AJ/123/855 : Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey: SMC (Zaritsky+, 2002)J/AJ/128/1606 : Magellanic Clouds Photometric Survey: LMC (Zaritsky+, 2004)J/AJ/131/2478 : M31 and M33 UBVRI photometry (Massey+, 2006)J/ApJ/689/461 : Circumstellar disk of {chi} Oph (Tycner+, 2008)J/ApJ/703/420 : Red supergiants in M31 (Massey+, 2009)J/AJ/140/14 : Variability of luminous stars in LMC (Szczygiel+, 2010)J/A+A/532/A138 : V838 Mon spectrum in 2009 (Tylenda+, 2011)J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)J/A+A/550/A107 : RV catalogue of O stars in 30 Doradus (Sana+, 2013)J/ApJ/789/10 : M33 WR and Of-type Stars (Neugent+, 2014)J/ApJ/900/118 : RSGs in the LMC & sp. follow-up for LMC & SMC (Neugent+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/875/124https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/875/124http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/875/124https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/875/124https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/875/124http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/875/124GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/875/124/table2 (Coordinates and magnitudes of classified M31 and M33 stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.919416740.85702780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/875/124/table3 (Coordinates and magnitudes of confirmed SMC and LMC RSG+B star binaries)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true11.7076667-73.231250.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/875/124/table4 (Modeled physical parameters of confirmed RSG+B star binaries)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/875/124/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true9.919458340.85705560.0055555555555555566/2154-2155 2241 2622-2623 2708-2709 33094 33096-33097 33100 33120-33121 33123 33294-33295 33306 33317 333283.322582951404819e-19 3.852589004194616e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/875/124?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/875/124/table2Coordinates and magnitudes of classified M31 and M33 starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintC1=Confirmed RSG+B star binary (link to Table 4)meta.ref.urlintnullableLGGSLGGS identifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[17.66/20] Johnson V magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatB-V[0.1/2.2] Johnson B-V color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatU-B[-1.05/0.72] Johnson U-B color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.BfloatR-I[0.4/1.42] Kron-Cousins R-I color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.IfloatClassObject class (2)meta.code.classcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/875/124/table3Coordinates and magnitudes of confirmed SMC and LMC RSG+B star binariesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintC1=Confirmed RSG+B star binary (link to Table 4)meta.ref.urlintnullable2MASS2MASS name (JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag[12/14.7] Johnson V magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatU-B[-0.72/1.9] Johnson U-B color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.BfloatV-B[-1.76/-0.43] Johnson V-B color index (1)magphot.color;em.opt;em.optfloatZCatDisplay data from Zaritsky+, 2002, J/AJ/123/855 and 2004, J/AJ/128/1606meta.ref.urlintnullableJ/ApJ/875/124/table4Modeled physical parameters of confirmed RSG+B star binariesf_Lcl[ab] Flag on Lcl (1)meta.codecharLclB-star luminosity classsrc.class.luminositycharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s for LGGS or JHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs for 2MASS)meta.id;meta.maincharTeffB[15000/30000] B-star effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintTeffRSG[3400/4250] RSG effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveint_RAPositions from names (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from names (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main