J/ApJ/874/82ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/874/82doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18740082CDSHillenbrand L.A.Miller A.A.Carpenter J.M.Kasliwal M.M.Isaacson H.,Tang S.Joshi V.Banerjee D.P.K.Cutri R.M.2020-12-07T11:37:30Z2020-09-29T16:52:23ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryspectroscopyinfrared-astronomyWe report the outbursting source PTF 14jg, which, prior to the onset of its late 2013 eruption, was a faint, unstudied, and virtually uncataloged star. The salient features of the PTF 14jg outburst are (i) projected location near the W4 HII region and radial velocity consistent with physical association; (ii) a light curve that underwent an ~6-7mag optical (R-band) through mid-infrared (L-band) brightening on a timescale of a few months, peaked and then faded by ~3mag, but plateaued still >3.5mag above quiescence by ~8 months post-peak, lasting to at least 4yr after eruption; (iii) strong outflow signatures with velocities reaching -530km/s; (iv) a low-gravity and broad (~100-150km/s FWHM) optical absorption-line spectrum that systematically changes its spectral type with wavelength; (v) lithium; and (vi) ultraviolet and infrared excess. We tentatively identify the outburst as exhibiting characteristics of a young star FU Ori event. However, the burst would be unusually hot, with an absorption spectrum exhibiting high-excitation (~11000-15000K) lines in the optical and no evidence of CO in the near-infrared, in addition to exhibiting an unusual light curve. We thus also consider alternative scenarios-including various forms of novae, nuclear-burning instabilities, massive star events, and mergers-finding them all inferior to the atypically hot FU Ori star classification. The source eventually may be interpreted as a new category of young star outburst with a larger amplitude and shorter rise time than most FU Ori-like events.2019ApJ...874...82Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/874/82CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toB/vsx : AAVSO International Variable Star Index VSX (Watson+, 2006-2014)III/166 : A New Library of Optical Spectra (Silva + 1992)II/313 : Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) photometric catalog 1.0 (Ofek+, 2012)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)II/363 : The band-merged unWISE Catalog (Schlafly+, 2019)J/ApJS/99/135 : Rotation and Spectral Peculiarities (Abt+ 1995)J/A+A/337/403 : Low-mass stars evolutionary models (Baraffe+ 1998)J/ApJ/551/852 : FCRAO CO survey of the outer Galaxy (Heyer+, 2001)J/MNRAS/373/781 : JHK photometry of faint standard stars (Leggett+, 2006)J/ApJS/166/526 : Compact extragalactic radio sources (Xu+, 2006)J/A+A/480/91 : Gal. disk stars vertical distribution. IV. (Soubiran+, 2008)J/AJ/140/34 : Classification of nova light curves (Strope+, 2010)J/ApJ/748/14 : ONC population data from WFI observations (Da Rio+, 2012)J/AJ/147/140 : SED of 24 class I & II FU Orionis stars (Gramajo+, 2014)J/ApJ/792/30 : NEOWISE magnitudes for near-Earth objects (Mainzer+, 2014)J/ApJ/815/4 : V899 Mon long-term monitoring (Ninan+, 2015)J/ApJ/831/133 : Follow-up of probable young star ASASSN-15qi (Herczeg+, 2016)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/874/82https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/874/82http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/874/82https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/874/82https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/874/82http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/874/82GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/874/82/table1P48 R-band observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD[56491.369/57628.499] Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublel_RmagThe 4{sigma} statistical upper limit flag on Rmagmeta.code.errorcharRmag[14.96/22.63] PTF R band apparent magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloate_Rmag[0.07/0.36]? Uncertainty in Rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJ/ApJ/874/82/table3P60 ugriz observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJD-u[56706.15/56838.5]? Modified Julian Date of u band observationdtime.epochdoublenullablel_umagThe 5{sigma} statistical upper limit flag on umagmeta.code.errorcharumag[18.15/20.47]? Apparent u band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_umag[0.03/0.32]? Uncertainty in umagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableMJD-g[56697.1/57366.2]? Modified Julian Date of g band observationdtime.epochdoublenullablegmag[16.04/19.24]? Apparent g band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag[0.014/0.21]? Uncertainty in gmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableMJD-r[56683.3/57366.2]? Modified Julian Date of r band observationdtime.epochdoublenullablermag[15/18]? Apparent r band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[0.006/0.06]? Uncertainty in rmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableMJD-i[56697.1/57366.2]? Modified Julian Date of i band observationdtime.epochdoublenullableimag[14.5/17.4]? Apparent i band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.005/0.2]? Uncertainty in imagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableMJD-z[56706.15/57078.22]? Modified Julian Date of z band observationdtime.epochdoublenullablezmag[14.27/16.81]? Apparent z band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0.019/0.11]? Uncertainty in zmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJ/ApJ/874/82/fig6aThe PTF 14jg low-dispersion APO/DIS optical spectra of Feb. 3rd, 2014recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[3330.7/10500.4] Wavelength in Angstroms0.1nmem.wldoubleFlux[-2.1e-17/5.1e-15] Flux density in 10^-15^erg/s/cm^2^/{AA}1e-15cW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux.densitydoubleJ/ApJ/874/82/fig6bThe PTF 14jg low-dispersion Palomar 200"/DBSP optical spectra of Nov. 11th, 2017recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[3330.7/10500.4] Wavelength in Angstroms0.1nmem.wldoubleFlux[-2.1e-17/5.1e-15] Flux density in 10^-15^erg/s/cm^2^/{AA}1e-15cW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux.densitydoubleJ/ApJ/874/82/fig7aPTF14jg infrared spectrum from APO/TSpec on Feb. 2nd, 2014recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[0.9/2.5] Wavelengthumem.wlfloatFlux[-1.3e-13/1.3e-13] Flux density in 10^-15^erg/s/cm^2^/{AA}1e-15cW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux.densitydoublee_Flux[4.6e-18/3.2e-12] Uncertainty in Flux1e-15cW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/ApJ/874/82/fig7bPTF14jg infrared spectrum from Palomar/TSpec on March 23rd, 2014recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambda[0.9/2.5] Wavelengthumem.wlfloatFlux[-1.3e-13/1.3e-13] Flux density in 10^-15^erg/s/cm^2^/{AA}1e-15cW.m**-2.nm**-1phot.flux.densitydoublee_Flux[4.6e-18/3.2e-12] Uncertainty in Flux1e-15cW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/ApJ/874/82/table6Summary of spectroscopic observationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSet"Opt" or "IR" spectrameta.codecharDateUT date of observationtime.epoch;obsnullableMJD[56690/58068] Modified Julian Date of observationdtime.epochinttPk[-7/1371] Post-peak daysdtime.intervalintRmag[15/18.5]? R_PTF_ magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableTelTelescope/Instrumentmeta.id;instrcharObsObservers/Reducersobs.observerchar