J/ApJ/872/21ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/872/21doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18720021CDSHemler Z.S.Grier C.J.Brandt W.N.Hall P.B.Horne K.Shen Y.,Trump J.R.Schneider D.P.Vivek M.Bizyaev D.Oravetz A.Oravetz D.,Pan K.2021-04-28T12:32:51Z2020-08-12T14:39:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsvisible-astronomyspectroscopyline-intensitiesredshiftedWe systematically investigate short-timescale (<10 day rest-frame) CIV broad absorption-line (BAL) variability to constrain quasar-wind properties and provide insights into BAL-variability mechanisms in quasars. We employ data taken by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping project, as the rapid cadence of these observations provides a novel opportunity to probe BAL variability on shorter rest-frame timescales than have previously been explored. In a sample of 27 quasars with a median of 58 spectral epochs per quasar, we have identified 15 quasars (55_-14_^+18^%), 19 of 37 CIV BAL troughs (51_-12_^+15^%), and 54 of 1460 epoch pairs (3.7%+/-0.5%) that exhibit significant CIV BAL equivalent-width variability on timescales of less than 10 days in the quasar rest frame. These frequencies indicate that such variability is common among quasars and BALs, though somewhat rare among epoch pairs. Thus, models describing BALs and their behavior must account for variability on timescales down to less than a day in the quasar rest frame. We also examine a variety of spectral characteristics and find that, in some cases, BAL variability is best described by ionization-state changes, while other cases are more consistent with changes in covering fraction or column density. We adopt a simple model to constrain the density and radial distance of two outflows appearing to vary by ionization-state changes, yielding outflow density lower limits consistent with previous work.2019ApJ...872...21Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/872/21CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVIII/90 : The FIRST Survey Catalog, Version 12Feb16 (Becker+ 2012)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)VII/286 : SDSS quasar catalog, fourteenth data release (Paris+, 2018)J/A+AS/125/149 : CHIANTI --Atomic Database For Emission Lines I. (Dere+ 1997)J/AJ/131/2766 : Quasar luminosity function from SDSS-DR3 (Richards+, 2006)J/ApJ/685/773 : X-ray-UV relations in SDSS DR5 QSOs (Gibson+, 2008)J/ApJ/696/924 : UV and X-Ray radio-quiet QSOs (Gibson+, 2009)J/ApJ/692/758 : BAL QSOs in SDSS-DR5 (Gibson+, 2009)J/ApJ/709/611 : The multi-component absorber QSO 0318-0600 (Dunn+, 2010)J/MNRAS/434/1411 : Variability of broad emission lines in QSOs (Woo+, 2013)J/ApJ/777/168 : CIV & SiIV BAL troughs in SDSS (Filiz+, 2013)J/ApJ/791/88 : C IV BAL troughs properties in quasars (Filiz+, 2014)J/MNRAS/440/799 : Low Ionization BALQSOs MgII & AlIII var. (Vivek+, 2014)J/ApJS/216/4 : SDSS-RM project: technical overview (Shen+, 2015)J/MNRAS/454/3962 : 188 CIV BAL QSOs from SDSS DR7 (He+, 2015)J/ApJ/805/96 : SDSS-RM project: velocity dispersions of QSOs (Shen+, 2015)J/ApJ/814/150 : Variability of SDSS broad absorption line QSOs (Wang+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/39 : QSOs selection from SDSS and WISE (Richards+, 2015)J/ApJ/824/130 : SDSS/BOSS/TDSS CIV BAL quasars (Grier+, 2016)J/ApJ/818/30 : Lag measurements for z<0.8 QSOs from SDSS-RM (Shen+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/7 : SDSS-RM project: peak velocities of QSOs (Shen+, 2016)J/MNRAS/469/323 : SDSS quasars with PV broad absorption (Capellupo+, 2017)J/ApJ/851/21 : SDSS RM project first year of observations (Grier+, 2017)J/A+A/616/A114 : CIV BAL disappearance in SDSS QSOs (De Cicco+, 2018)J/ApJ/862/22 : CIV BAL SDSS QSO obs. with Gemini (Rogerson+, 2018)J/other/JAD/24.3 : Optically Variable Quasars in AllWISE/PS1 (Usatov, 2018)J/A+A/622/A15 : Broad absorption line quasars in LDR1 (Morabito+, 2019)J/ApJS/249/17 : SDSS QSO DR14 spectral properties (Rakshit+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/21https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/21http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/21https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/21https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/21http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/21GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/872/21/table2 (Final quasar information)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/21/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/21/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/21/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true214.0296753.3180.0055555555555555565/2856 6/10749 11428 11430 11432 114332.381800341673347e-19 2.821731604724377e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/872/21?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/872/21/table2Final quasar informationNep[3/69] Number of epochsmeta.numberintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSDSSSDSS DR10 designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.idcharRMID[39/786] Reverberation Mapping (RM) ID (from Shen+, 2015, J/ApJS/216/4)meta.id;meta.mainintprimaryRAJ2000[211.47/216.1] Right Ascension (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[52/54.5] Declination (J2000) (1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainz[1.62/3.72] Redshift (Shen+ 2019ApJS..241...34S)src.redshiftfloatimag[16.4/20.4] SDSS i-band (AB) magnitude, SDSS DR10 (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatSN1700[6/52] Median signal-to-noise (2)stat.snrfloatdtRest[2/13.8] Median rest-frame time separation between observationsdtime.intervalfloatcFitContinuum Fit (3)meta.codechareFitEmission-Line Fit (4)meta.codecharN2014Number of CIV BAL measurements from 2014 for this QSO (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableNcivNumber of CIV BAL measurements per epoch for this QSO (link to Table 4)meta.numberintnullableNpNumber of measurements for this QSO with epoch pairs (link to Table 5)meta.numberintnullableS16Display peak velocitites data from Shen+, 2016, J/ApJ/831/7meta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/872/21/table3CIV BAL measurements from 2014 mean spectraPvFlag on PV or mini-BAL (2)meta.codecharFA14BAL designation (1)meta.coderecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRMID[39/786] Reverberation Mapping (RM) ID (from Shen+, 2015, J/ApJS/216/4)meta.id;meta.mainintm_RMID[AB] BAL IDmeta.code.multipcharVmax[2464/29148] BAL velocity bounds, maxkm/sphys.veloc;stat.maxintVmin[-338/21819] BAL velocity bounds, minkm/sphys.veloc;stat.minintVcent[1371/23559] Absorbed-flux weighted centroid velocitykm/sphys.velocintDepth[0.12/0.75] Normalized mean fractional depthphys.absorption.opticalDepth;arith.ratio;stat.meanfloatEW[2.2/88.5] CIV equivalent width; in Angstrom units0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EW[0.1/1.3] Uncertainty in EW0.1nmstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatJ/ApJ/872/21/table4CIV BAL measurements per epochm_RMID[AB] BAL IDmeta.code.multipcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRMID[39/786] Reverberation Mapping (RM) ID (from Shen+, 2015, J/ApJS/216/4)meta.id;meta.mainintMJDModified Julian Date (JD-2400000.5)dtime.epochdoubleVcent[1320/33680] Absorbed-flux weighted centroid velocitykm/sphys.velocintDepth[-0.02/0.8] Normalized mean fractional depthphys.absorption.opticalDepth;arith.ratio;stat.meanfloatEW[-0.2/94.3] CIV equivalent width; in Angstrom units0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EW[0/1.4] Uncertainty in EW; in Angstrom units0.1nmstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatJ/ApJ/872/21/table5Short-timescale variability among epoch pairsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRMID[128/786] Reverberation Mapping (RM) ID (from Shen+, 2015, J/ApJS/216/4)meta.id;meta.mainintm_RMID[AB] BAL IDmeta.code.multipcharMJD1First Epoch, Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoubleMJD2Second Epoch, Modified Julian Datedtime.epochdoubledtRest[0.5/8.3] Rest-frame time separation between first and second epochsdtime.intervalfloatEW1[0.6/47.1] CIV equivalent width at MJD1; in Angstrom units0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EW1[0/0.7] Uncertainty in EW10.1nmstat.errorfloatEW2[0.6/47.1] CIV equivalent width at MJD2; in Angstrom units0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EW2[0/0.7] Uncertainty in EW20.1nmstat.errorfloatdEW[-5.8/6.4] Change in equivalent width; in Angstrom units0.1nmarith.rate;spect.line.eqWidthfloate_dEW[0.1/1] Uncertainty in dEW0.1nmstat.errorfloatsigdEW[-22.4/10.1] Significance of the change in EWstat.likelihood;obsfloatGB[4.1/105.3] G value, BAL region (1)stat.fit.omcfloatGC[-1.4/1.9] G value, continuum region (1)stat.fit.omcfloatfchip1[0/0.93] fraction of pixels, {chi}>1%stat.fit.paramfloatfchim1[0/0.86] fraction of pixels, {chi}{<}-1%stat.fit.paramfloatdVco[290/7250] Coordinated velocity (2)km/sphys.velocint