Abundances of red clump & RGB stars with APOGEE J/ApJ/872/137 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/872/137 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18720137 CDS Shetrone M. Tayar J. Johnson J.A. Somers G. Pinsonneault M.H.,Holtzman J.A. Hasselquist S. Masseron T. Meszaros S. Jonsson H.,Hawkins K. Sobeck J. Zamora O. Garcia-Hernandez D.A. 2021-10-13T11:55:52Z 2020-10-15T07:42:45Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr chemical-abundances infrared-astronomy spectroscopy giant-stars Internal mixing on the giant branch is an important process which affects the evolution of stars and the chemical evolution of the galaxy. While several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this mixing, better empirical constraints are necessary. Here, we use [C/N] abundances in 26097 evolved stars from the SDSS-IV/APOGEE-2 DR14 to trace mixing and extra mixing in old field giants with -1.7<[Fe/H]<0.1. We show that the APOGEE [C/N] ratios before any dredge-up occurs are metallicity dependent, but that the change in [C/N] at the first dredge-up is metallicity independent for stars above [Fe/H]~-1. We identify the position of the red giant branch (RGB) bump as a function of metallicity, note that a metallicity-dependent extra mixing episode takes place for low-metallicity stars ([Fe/H]{<}-0.4) 0.14dex in logg above the bump, and confirm that this extra mixing is stronger at low metallicity, reaching {Delta}[C/N]=0.58dex at [Fe/H]=-1.4. We show evidence for further extra mixing on the upper giant branch, well above the bump, among the stars with [Fe/H]{<}-1.0. This upper giant branch mixing is stronger in the more metal-poor stars, reaching 0.38 dex in [C/N] for each 1.0dex in logg. The APOGEE [C/N] ratios for red clump (RC) stars are significantly higher than for stars at the tip of the RGB, suggesting additional mixing processes occur during the helium flash or that unknown abundance zero points for C and N may exist among the RC sample. Finally, because of extra mixing, we note that current empirical calibrations between [C/N] ratios and ages cannot be naively extrapolated for use in low-metallicity stars specifically for those above the bump in the luminosity function. 2019ApJ...872..137S https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/872/137 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to VII/202 : Globular Clusters in the Milky Way (Harris, 1997) V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015) III/284 : APOGEE-2 data from DR16 (Majewski+, 2017) J/A+A/354/169 : Metal-poor field stars abundances (Gratton+, 2000) J/ApJS/215/19 : APOKASC catalog of Kepler red giants (Pinsonneault+, 2014) J/ApJ/797/21 : Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars (Placco+, 2014) J/A+A/580/A24 : Abundances in dwarfs, subgiants, and giants (da Silva+, 2015) J/ApJ/801/125 : Carbon in red giants in GCs and dSph galaxies (Kirby+, 2015) J/ApJS/225/32 : Extended abundance analysis of cool stars (Brewer+, 2016) J/AJ/151/144 : ASPCAP weights for APOGEE chemical elements (Garcia+, 2016) J/MNRAS/456/3655 : Masses and ages of red giants (Martig+, 2016) J/ApJ/823/114 : The Cannon: a new approach to determine masses (Ness+, 2016) J/MNRAS/466/3344 : Red-giant stars classification (Elsworth+, 2017) J/AJ/156/126 : Stellar param. & abund. from BACCHUS analysis (Jonsson+, 2018) J/ApJS/239/32 : APOKASC-2 catalog of Kepler evolved stars (Pinsonneault+, 2018) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/137 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/137 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/872/137 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/137 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/137 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/872/137 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/872/137/table1 (data) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/137/table1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/137/table1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/872/137/table1? 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28123 28125-28127 28138-28139 28142 28145 28168 28170 28192 28202-28203 28241 28243 28252-28253 28269-28271 28286 28292 28294 28296-28297 28299-28300 28302 28321 28323 28329 28336 28338 28340-28341 28343-28344 28355 28364-28365 28367 28372 28384 28386 28418 28462-28463 28474 28484-28486 28489 28545 28547 28556 28560 28618-28619 28622 28627 28629-28631 28633 28635-28638 28644 28646 28648-28649 28652 28727 28732-28733 28735 28764-28765 28770 28774-28775 28792 28794 28813 28815 28826-28830 28837-28839 28842-28843 28852 28854-28855 28869-28870 28872 28876-28877 28880 28882-28883 28896 28898-28900 28902 28904-28905 28907 28912 28914 28916 28918-28919 28924 28926-28929 28932 28941 28943 28952 29066-29067 29070-29071 29082 29089 29092-29093 29095 29097-29099 29101-29102 29108 29110-29111 29114-29115 29117 29179 29181-29185 29187 29196 29199 29208 29210-29213 29221 29230-29233 29242 29254 29257 29259 29265 29268-29269 29274 29285 29287 29296 29298-29299 29308 29328 29336 29345 29440-29441 29443 29453 29461-29465 29468-29470 29505-29506 29509 29511 29516 29518 29521-29526 29529-29532 29534 29540-29541 29548 29550-29551 29561 29621-29623 29629 29631-29633 29635-29638 29670 29692 29694-29695 29735 29746 29828-29829 29840-29841 29845 29847 29855 29864 29866-29867 29869-29871 29880 29882 29884-29885 29887 29892 29894 29896-29897 29900-29901 29903 29906-29907 29916 29918 29928-29930 29936-29937 29940 29951 30023 30029 30031 30034-30035 30044 30046 30064-30065 30068 30099 30122 30141 30143 30178 30190-30191 30202-30203 30216 30219 30221-30223 30233-30234 30236-30237 30239 30241 30243 30245-30248 30250-30251 30254 30257-30260 30263-30265 30267-30270 30272 30274 30280 30301-30303 30307 30310 30312-30313 30315 30321 30323 30330-30331 30333 30349 30358 30364 30380-30381 30383 30389 30391-30394 30397 30401 30404-30405 30410 30415-30416 30419-30420 30422 30426-30427 30436-30438 30440-30441 30444 30452 30454 30456-30457 30464-30466 30472-30473 30485 30496 30498 30524-30525 30528-30529 30531-30533 30535 30548 30550 30552-30553 30556 30560 30562-30563 30568 30617-30618 30620 30622 30644-30645 30675 30677-30679 30681 30691-30693 30695 30697 30700 30706 30712 30716 30746-30747 30757 30759 30765 30772 30774 30776-30777 30780 30880-30881 30883-30886 30941 30943 30966-30967 31056-31057 31059-31062 31106 31116 31118 31137-31140 31317 31369-31372 31374-31375 31392-31393 31395 31404-31405 31407 31414 31420 31422 31445-31447 31452-31453 31455 31488-31489 31580 31582-31583 31600-31601 31603 31745 31747 31753 31762 31766-31769 31771 31793 31796-31797 31799 31816 31818 31840 32005-32007 32012-32013 32016 32018-32019 32029 32031 32041-32043 32053 32058 32066 32071 32082-32083 32092 32094 32129 32131 32144-32145 32147 32153 32451 32457 32464 32466 32472 32474 32478-32479 32497 32499 32505 32508-32509 32511 32580 32672 32674 32680 32683 32699 32701-32703 32744 32746-32747 36343 36349 36351 36439 36445 36517-36519 36521 36536 36538 36610-36611 36616-36618 36620 36622 36649 36651 36655 36692 36737 36752 36773-36775 36780 36784 36786 36792 36794 39935 40610 40630-40631 40639 40667 40677 40679 40692 40737-40740 40742-40744 40747-40749 40751 40798-40799 40817 40819 40825 40828-40829 44719 44730-44731 44957-44959 44981 44983 44986 45000 45002-45003 47869 47871 48034-48036 48038-48039 48056 48058 49143 49149 49151 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/872/137?format=ascii Infrared default J/ApJ/872/137/table1 data SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id char nullable recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int ID APOGEE identifier (2MHHMMSSss+DDMMSSs) meta.id;meta.main char [Fe/H] [-1.7/0.1] Metallicity log(Sun) phys.abund.Z float [A/M] [0.14/0.7] log {alpha}/Fe abundance ratio log(Sun) phys.abund float log(g) [0.8/3.7] log surface gravity log(cm.s**-2) phys.gravity float [C/Fe] [-0.8/1] log C/Fe abundance ratio log(Sun) phys.abund;arith.ratio float e_[C/Fe] [0.009/0.2] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in [C/Fe] log(Sun) stat.error;phys.abund float [N/Fe] [-0.96/1.1] log N/Fe abundance ratio log(Sun) phys.abund;arith.ratio float e_[N/Fe] [0.013/0.3] The 1{sigma} uncertainty in [N/Fe] log(Sun) stat.error;phys.abund float Class Classification (1) meta.code.class char 2M Display the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 3" meta.ref.url char _RA Positions from APOGEE names (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed _DE Positions from APOGEE names (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed