J/ApJ/871/57ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/871/57doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18710057CDSYoon Y.Im M.Hyun M.David Jun H.Hwang N.Kim M.Park B.-G.2021-07-09T07:52:49Z2020-08-10T09:19:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frquasarsgalaxiesspectroscopyredshiftedvisible-astronomysloan-photometryblack-holesBlack hole mass scaling relations suggest that extremely massive black holes (EMBHs) with M_BH_>~10^9.4^M_{sun}_ are found in the most massive galaxies with M_star_>~10^11.6^M_{sun}_, which are commonly found in dense environments, like galaxy clusters. Therefore, one can expect that there is a close connection between active EMBHs and dense environments. Here, we study the environments of 9461 galaxies and 2943 quasars at 0.24<~z<~0.40, among which 52 are extremely massive quasars with log(M_BH_/M_{sun}_)>=~9.4, using Sloan Digital Sky Survey and MMT Hectospec data. We find that, on average, both massive quasars and massive galaxies reside in environments more than ~2 times as dense as those of their less massive counterparts with log(M_BH_/M_{sun}_)<~9.0. However, massive quasars reside in environments about ~2 times less dense than inactive galaxies with log(M_BH_/M_{sun}_)>=9.4, and only about one third of massive quasars are found in galaxy clusters, while about two thirds of massive galaxies reside in such clusters. This indicates that massive galaxies are a much better signpost for galaxy clusters than massive quasars. The prevalence of massive quasars in moderate to low density environments is puzzling, considering that several simulation results show that these quasars appear to prefer dense environments. Several possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, although further investigation is needed to obtain a definite explanation.2019ApJ...871...57Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/871/57CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)V/147 : The SDSS Photometric Catalogue, Release 12 (Alam+, 2015)J/AJ/126/1720 : ugriz and H{alpha} of double-peaked AGN (Strateva+, 2003)J/ApJ/654/115 : DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: SDSS QSOs (Coil+, 2007)J/ApJ/662/808 : Cusp radius in luminous elliptical galaxies (Lauer+, 2007)J/ApJ/678/635 : Spectroscopy of quasar binary candidates (Myers+, 2008)J/ApJ/690/20 : Models of the AGN & black hole populations (Shankar+, 2009)J/ApJ/708/137 : Broad-line AGNs in zCOSMOS survey (Merloni+, 2010)J/ApJS/194/45 : QSO properties from SDSS-DR7 (Shen+, 2011)J/ApJS/196/11 : Bulge+disk decompositions of SDSS galaxies (Simard+, 2011)J/ApJ/734/68 : High redshift galaxy clusters in deep fields (Wen+, 2011)J/ApJS/200/8 : AGES: the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (Kochanek+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/125 : NIR spectrosc. follow-up of 60 SDSS-DR7 QSOs (Shen+, 2012)J/ApJS/199/34 : Clusters of galaxies in SDSS-III (Wen+, 2012)J/MNRAS/436/34 : GALEX Arecibo SDSS survey. Final release (Catinella+, 2013)J/ApJ/778/98 : Cross-correlation of SDSS QSOs & BOSS galaxies (Shen+, 2013)J/ApJS/207/37 : IR sources spectroscopy in the AKARI NEP (Shim+, 2013)J/MNRAS/441/1802 : Low-redshift QSOs in SDSS Stripe 82 (Karhunen+, 2014)J/ApJS/210/3 : SDSS bulge, disk & total stellar masses (Mendel+, 2014)J/ApJ/804/34 : Luminous AGNs and early-type SDSS galaxies (Hong+, 2015)J/ApJ/806/109 : Rest-frame optical spectra of 3<z<6 QSOs (Jun+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/871/57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/871/57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/871/57https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/871/57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/871/57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/871/57GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/871/57/table1 (Properties of extremely massive quasars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/57/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/57/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/57/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.83220830.85427780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/871/57/table2 (Galaxies observed by the MMT Hectospec)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/57/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/57/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/871/57/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true208.0166113.654650.0055555555555555566/5123 5223 5252 5292 5507 5610 6577 6633 6640 7318 7449 8402 8482 8570 8571 8574 8656 8657 8744 8746 8848 8927 9016 9614 9851 9988 10211 10214 10217 10219 10220 10774 10804 11010 11160 11807 11826 17514 18114 19776 23194 25847 26057 26493 26495 27259 27327 27515 27580 27758 27851 27929 27938 28129 28209 28365 28549 31291 31355 31402 31424 368162.85864675833786e-19 3.5010283109654867e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/871/57?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/ApJ/871/57/table1Properties of extremely massive quasarsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSDSSSDSS DR7 quasar name (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) (1)meta.id;meta.maincharNgNumber of galaxies within 0.5deg of this quasar (link to MMT observations -- Table 2)meta.ref.urlintnullablezspec[0.24/0.4] Spectroscopic redshifts (1)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatlogL5100[44/45.8] Log of the 5100 continuum luminosity; in units of erg/slog(1e-07J)phys.luminosityfloate_logL5100[0/0.04] Uncertainty in logL5100log(1e-07J)stat.errorfloatFWHMHb[8162/38343] H{beta} full width at half maximumkm/sspect.line.widthinte_FWHMHb[154/8713] Uncertainty in FWHMHbkm/sstat.errorintlogMBH[9.4/10.6] Log of black hole masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMBH[0.01/0.4] Uncertainty in logMBHlog(solMass)stat.errorfloatd0.5Mpc[-1/10.2] Overdensity around quasar at 0.5Mpc (2)phys.density;arith.ratiofloatd7th[-0.6/19.1] Overdensity around quasar at 7th nearest galaxy (2)phys.density;arith.ratiofloatDPEDouble peaked H{beta} emission? (Y=QSOs with double-peaked broad H{beta} lines; 30 occurrences) (3)meta.codecharDR7+DR12Display data from SDSS -DR7 (II/294) and -DR12 (V/147) within 0.5"meta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from SDSS name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from SDSS name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/ApJ/871/57/table2Galaxies observed by the MMT HectospecrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000[208/257.1] Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[13.2/61.3] Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzspec[0.07/1.5] MMT Hectospec spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatf_zspecRedshift Measurement Type (1)meta.codecharrmag[17.8/21] SDSS r-band apparent (AB) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatDR7+DR12Display data from SDSS -DR7 (II/294) and -DR12 (V/147) within 0.5"meta.ref.urlcharSloanDisplay the online SDSS data for the nearest objectmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar