J/ApJ/868/55ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/ApJ/868/55doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.18680055CDSMcConnachie A.W.Ibata R.Martin N.Ferguson A.M.N.Collins M.Gwyn S.,Irwin M.Lewis G.F.Mackey A.D.Davidge T.Arias V.Conn A.Cote P.,Crnojevic D.Huxor A.Penarrubia J.Spengler C.Tanvir N.,Valls-Gabaud D.Babul A.Barmby P.Bate N.F.Bernard E.Chapman S.,Dotter A.Harris W.McMonigal B.Navarro J.Puzia T.H.Rich R.M.,Thomas G.Widrow L.M.2020-03-26T14:17:00Z2019-11-20T09:56:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesphotometryinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyglobular-star-clustersabsolute-magnitudeThe Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey is a survey of >400deg^2^ centered on the Andromeda (M31) and Triangulum (M33) galaxies that has provided the most extensive panorama of an L* galaxy group to large projected galactocentric radii. Here, we collate and summarize the current status of our knowledge of the substructures in the stellar halo of M31, and discuss connections between these features. We estimate that the 13 most distinctive substructures were produced by at least 5 different accretion events, all in the last 3 or 4Gyr. We suggest that a few of the substructures farthest from M31 may be shells from a single accretion event. We calculate the luminosities of some prominent substructures for which previous estimates were not available, and we estimate the stellar mass budget of the outer halo of M31. We revisit the problem of quantifying the properties of a highly structured data set; specifically, we use the OPTICS clustering algorithm to quantify the hierarchical structure of M31's stellar halo and identify three new faint structures. M31's halo, in projection, appears to be dominated by two "mega-structures", which can be considered as the two most significant branches of a merger tree produced by breaking M31's stellar halo into increasingly smaller structures based on the stellar spatial clustering. We conclude that OPTICS is a powerful algorithm that could be used in any astronomical application involving the hierarchical clustering of points.2018ApJ...868...55Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/ApJ/868/55CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/cfht : Log of CFHT Exposures (CADC, 1979-)VII/86 : Groups of Galaxies. I. Nearby Groups (Huchra+ 1982)J/A+AS/116/447 : M31 globulars clusters ellipticities (Staneva+, 1996)J/MNRAS/390/1437 : Stellar streams in Andromeda (M31) (Chapman+, 2008)J/ApJ/758/11 : Bayesian distances to M31 satellites (Conn+, 2012)J/AJ/144/4 : Dwarf galaxies in the Local Group (McConnachie+, 2012)J/ApJ/768/172 : Kinematic analysis of red giant in M31 dSphs (Collins+, 2013)J/ApJ/776/80 : PAndAS view of Andromeda satellites. I. (Martin+, 2013)J/ApJ/779/7 : dSph satellites of M31. I. Variables in And XIX (Cusano+, 2013)J/ApJ/790/73 : Iron abundance of RGBs in M31 satellites (Vargas+, 2014)J/ApJ/803/63 : gr photometry of stars in Kim 2 (Kim+, 2015)J/MNRAS/448/1314 : Line list for seven target PAndAS clusters (Sakari+, 2015)J/ApJ/829/26 : Var. stars in the field of Andromeda XXV. III. (Cusano+, 2016)J/ApJ/829/108 : Kinematic data of Galactic globular clusters (Eadie+, 2016)J/ApJ/833/167 : PAndAS view of Andromeda satellites. II. (Martin+, 2016)J/ApJ/836/137 : Deep, wide-field g,i imaging of And XXXI (Rhode+, 2017)J/ApJ/837/54 : Variable stars in the globular cluster DDO 216-A1 (Cole+, 2017)http://www.cadc-ccda.hia-iha.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/en/community/pandas/query.html :https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/868/55https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/868/55http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/ApJ/868/55https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/868/55https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/868/55http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/ApJ/868/55GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/ApJ/868/55/table2 (Observing log for all of the 2985 CFHT/MegaCam exposures contributing to the final PAndAS stacks and catalogs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true23.462530.66022220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/868/55/table3 (Probable and possible satellite galaxies of M31)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true10.67416740.8652780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/ApJ/868/55/table4 (*M31 globular clusters with D_proj_>2{deg}, including globular clusters belonging to the NGC 147, NGC 185, Andromeda I, and M33 systems)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/ApJ/868/55/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.79083337.90.0055555555555555564/170 5/527 538 549 551 559 561 568 569 574 575 640 644 647 648 651 653 654 655 656 661 662 664 665 667 668 671 675 676 677 684 686 688 689 690 693 695 697 704 706 712 3413 3415 5110 5111 6/1023 2101 2102 2145 2146 2148 2150 2151 2156 2157 2158 2170 2211 2214 2215 2216 2217 2219 2221 2222 2223 2225 2226 2227 2228 2229 2230 2232 2234 2235 2240 2242 2243 2249 2250 2251 2252 2253 2255 2256 2258 2266 2280 2281 2282 2285 2286 2287 2288 2289 2291 2294 2295 2474 2475 2478 2479 2565 2566 2567 2568 2571 2572 2573 2574 2580 2581 2583 2584 2586 2587 2597 2598 2599 2600 2601 2603 2608 2610 2611 2628 2630 2631 2632 2633 2634 2637 2638 2639 2640 2642 2643 2653 2654 2655 2665 2666 2667 2676 2677 2678 2680 2681 2682 2688 2689 2690 2692 2694 2695 2697 2698 2699 2712 2713 2714 2717 2718 2719 2740 2741 2742 2749 2750 2751 2764 2765 2767 2768 2769 2770 2777 2778 2779 2784 2786 2787 2792 2793 2794 2800 2801 2804 2820 2821 2823 2828 2829 2830 2834 2840 2841 2842 2852 2853 2854 2856 2857 2858 2944 2953 3042 13505 13649 13651 13685 13686 13687 13693 13720 14149 19833 19967 19990 20262 20317 20318 20319 20337 20339 20341 20342 20343 20345 20346 20349 20350 20351 20416 20433 20434 20435 20436 20437 20439 20464 20466 20467 20468 20469 20470 20472 20473 20474 20477 20478 20479https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/ApJ/868/55?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/ApJ/868/55/table2Observing log for all of the 2985 CFHT/MegaCam exposures contributing to the final PAndAS stacks and catalogsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObsUT date of observation startstime.start;obsnullableMJD[52873.4/55597.3] Modified Julian Date of observation startdtime.epochdoubleRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[27/50] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainExpID[714745/1277842] Exposure identifiermeta.id;obs.exposureintFieldIDField identifiermeta.id;obs.fieldcharOtherOther identifiermeta.idcharPIDProgram identifiermeta.id;obscharFilterFilter used (g.MP9401, i.MP9701 or i.MP9702)instr.setup;instr.filtercharExp[171/1160] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintJ/ApJ/868/55/table3Probable and possible satellite galaxies of M31recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintProbProbable ("Pr") or possible ("Po"; D_M31_<500kpc)meta.codecharGalGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Galn: not in the PAndAS footprintmeta.notecharRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[14/59] Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistMW[480/1216] Distance from MW (1)kpcpos.distanceintDistM31[22/474] Distance from M31 (1)kpcpos.distanceintVMag[-18.8/-5.9] Absolute V-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloate_VMag[0.1/0.7] VMag uncertaintymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatMass[0.02/3526] Stellar mass (G1)1e+06solMassphys.massfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharNEDNED column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharLEDAmeta.ref.urlcharJ/ApJ/868/55/table4*M31 globular clusters with D_proj_>2{deg}, including globular clusters belonging to the NGC 147, NGC 185, Andromeda I, and M33 systemsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalGalaxy namemeta.id.parentcharGClGlobular cluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[0/23] Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[28/49] Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRM31[2/17] Distance from M31 in degreesdegpos.angDistancefloatDM31[28.7/231.2] Distance from M31 in kpc unitskpcpos.distancefloatVMag[-10.8/-3.4]? Absolute V-band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableMass[0.2/212.5]? Stellar mass (G1)10000solMassphys.massfloatnullable